The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing

Recent large and frequent fires above the Alaskan arctic circle have forced a reassessment of the ecological and climatological importance of fire in arctic tundra ecosystems. Here we provide a general overview of the occurrence, distribution, and ecological and climate implications of Alaskan tundr...

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Published in:	Environmental research letters Vol. 7; no. 4; pp. 44039 - 8
Main Authors:	Rocha, Adrian V, Loranty, Michael M, Higuera, Phil E, Mack, Michelle C, Hu, Feng Sheng, Jones, Benjamin M, Breen, Amy L, Rastetter, Edward B, Goetz, Scott J, Shaver, Gus R
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	IOP Publishing 01.12.2012
Subjects:	albedo climate change EVI fire radiative forcing tundra PN, Arctic Circle PN, Arctic PNW, USA, Alaska, North Slope
ISSN:	1748-9326, 1748-9326
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Abstract	Recent large and frequent fires above the Alaskan arctic circle have forced a reassessment of the ecological and climatological importance of fire in arctic tundra ecosystems. Here we provide a general overview of the occurrence, distribution, and ecological and climate implications of Alaskan tundra fires over the past half-century using spatially explicit climate, fire, vegetation and remote sensing datasets for Alaska. Our analyses highlight the importance of vegetation biomass and environmental conditions in regulating tundra burning, and demonstrate that most tundra ecosystems are susceptible to burn, providing the environmental conditions are right. Over the past two decades, fire perimeters above the arctic circle have increased in size and importance, especially on the North Slope, indicating that future wildfire projections should account for fire regime changes in these regions. Remote sensing data and a literature review of thaw depths indicate that tundra fires have both positive and negative implications for climatic feedbacks including a decadal increase in albedo radiative forcing immediately after a fire, a stimulation of surface greenness and a persistent long-term (>10 year) increase in thaw depth. In order to address the future impact of tundra fires on climate, a better understanding of the control of tundra fire occurrence as well as the long-term impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling will be required.
AbstractList	Recent large and frequent fires above the Alaskan arctic circle have forced a reassessment of the ecological and climatological importance of fire in arctic tundra ecosystems. Here we provide a general overview of the occurrence, distribution, and ecological and climate implications of Alaskan tundra fires over the past half-century using spatially explicit climate, fire, vegetation and remote sensing datasets for Alaska. Our analyses highlight the importance of vegetation biomass and environmental conditions in regulating tundra burning, and demonstrate that most tundra ecosystems are susceptible to burn, providing the environmental conditions are right. Over the past two decades, fire perimeters above the arctic circle have increased in size and importance, especially on the North Slope, indicating that future wildfire projections should account for fire regime changes in these regions. Remote sensing data and a literature review of thaw depths indicate that tundra fires have both positive and negative implications for climatic feedbacks including a decadal increase in albedo radiative forcing immediately after a fire, a stimulation of surface greenness and a persistent long-term (>10 year) increase in thaw depth. In order to address the future impact of tundra fires on climate, a better understanding of the control of tundra fire occurrence as well as the long-term impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling will be required. Recent large and frequent fires above the Alaskan arctic circle have forced a reassessment of the ecological and climatological importance of fire in arctic tundra ecosystems. Here we provide a general overview of the occurrence, distribution, and ecological and climate implications of Alaskan tundra fires over the past half-century using spatially explicit climate, fire, vegetation and remote sensing datasets for Alaska. Our analyses highlight the importance of vegetation biomass and environmental conditions in regulating tundra burning, and demonstrate that most tundra ecosystems are susceptible to burn, providing the environmental conditions are right. Over the past two decades, fire perimeters above the arctic circle have increased in size and importance, especially on the North Slope, indicating that future wildfire projections should account for fire regime changes in these regions. Remote sensing data and a literature review of thaw depths indicate that tundra fires have both positive and negative implications for climatic feedbacks including a decadal increase in albedo radiative forcing immediately after a fire, a stimulation of surface greenness and a persistent long-term (>10 year) increase in thaw depth. In order to address the future impact of tundra fires on climate, a better understanding of the control of tundra fire occurrence as well as the long-term impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling will be required.
Author	Jones, Benjamin M Hu, Feng Sheng Breen, Amy L Higuera, Phil E Shaver, Gus R Rocha, Adrian V Goetz, Scott J Loranty, Michael M Mack, Michelle C Rastetter, Edward B
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Adrian V surname: Rocha fullname: Rocha, Adrian V email: arocha1@nd.edu organization: University of Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Michael M surname: Loranty fullname: Loranty, Michael M organization: Colgate University Department of Geography, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Phil E surname: Higuera fullname: Higuera, Phil E organization: University of Idaho College of Natural Resources, Moscow, ID 83844, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Michelle C surname: Mack fullname: Mack, Michelle C organization: University of Florida Department of Biology, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Feng Sheng surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Feng Sheng organization: University of Illinois Department of Plant Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Benjamin M surname: Jones fullname: Jones, Benjamin M organization: 4210 University Drive Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Amy L surname: Breen fullname: Breen, Amy L organization: University of Alaska International Arctic Research Center, Fairbanks, AK 99709, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Edward B surname: Rastetter fullname: Rastetter, Edward B organization: Marine Biological Laboratory The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Scott J surname: Goetz fullname: Goetz, Scott J organization: Woods Hole Research Center , Falmouth, MA 02536, USA – sequence: 10 givenname: Gus R surname: Shaver fullname: Shaver, Gus R organization: Marine Biological Laboratory The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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Title	The footprint of Alaskan tundra fires during the past half-century: implications for surface properties and radiative forcing
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