Risk factors associated with death among influenza A (H1N1) patients, Tamil Nadu, India, 2010
Background: Limited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India. Aims: To describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) patients and identify risk factors associated with death. Settings and Design: We rev...
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| Published in: | Journal of postgraduate medicine Vol. 59; no. 1; pp. 9 - 14 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Medknow Publications
01.01.2013
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| ISSN: | 0022-3859, 0972-2823, 0972-2823 |
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| Abstract | Background: Limited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India. Aims: To describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) patients and identify risk factors associated with death. Settings and Design: We reviewed the surveillance data of laboratory-confirmed patients in Tamil Nadu, India, for the year 2010. We conducted a case-control study by comparing 70 laboratory-confirmed A (H1N1) patients who died (cases) with 210 A (H1N1) patients who recovered (controls) to identify the risk factors for deaths. Materials and Methods: We interviewed the controls and immediate care-takers of the influenza patients who died to collect information about socio-demographic details and co-morbid conditions. We used an abstraction form to collect the information about the clinical details from the case records of the hospitals where the cases and controls received treatment. Statistical Analysis: We analysed the surveillance data by time, place and person. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for identifying factors associated death. Results: During 2010, 1302 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported to the Tamil Nadu surveillance unit. Of these, 72 patients died (case fatality=5.5%). About 2/3 of the cases and 40% of the deaths were from three districts. On multivariate analysis, past history of diabetes, treatment in private hospitals, treatment with corticosteroids during illness, visit to >1 healthcare facility before laboratory confirmation and delay of >48 h in starting antivirals were found to be independently associated with the deaths. Conclusions: Influenza patients with previous history of diabetes, who had treatment with corticosteroids during illness, and started with antivirals after 48 h of onset of symptoms, were at higher risk of adverse outcome. In order to reduce the risk of death during future waves of influenza in Tamil Nadu, the physicians need to be sensitised regarding (1) higher risk of adverse outcomes among A (H1N1) patients with diabetes; (2) adherence to the national protocol for categorisation of cases; (3) prompt initiation of antivirals for severe cases; and (4) avoidance of systemic corticosteroids during management. |
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| AbstractList | Limited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India.BACKGROUNDLimited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India.To describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) patients and identify risk factors associated with death.AIMSTo describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) patients and identify risk factors associated with death.We reviewed the surveillance data of laboratory-confirmed patients in Tamil Nadu, India, for the year 2010. We conducted a case-control study by comparing 70 laboratory-confirmed A (H1N1) patients who died (cases) with 210 A (H1N1) patients who recovered (controls) to identify the risk factors for deaths.SETTINGS AND DESIGNWe reviewed the surveillance data of laboratory-confirmed patients in Tamil Nadu, India, for the year 2010. We conducted a case-control study by comparing 70 laboratory-confirmed A (H1N1) patients who died (cases) with 210 A (H1N1) patients who recovered (controls) to identify the risk factors for deaths.We interviewed the controls and immediate care-takers of the influenza patients who died to collect information about socio-demographic details and co-morbid conditions. We used an abstraction form to collect the information about the clinical details from the case records of the hospitals where the cases and controls received treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe interviewed the controls and immediate care-takers of the influenza patients who died to collect information about socio-demographic details and co-morbid conditions. We used an abstraction form to collect the information about the clinical details from the case records of the hospitals where the cases and controls received treatment.We analysed the surveillance data by time, place and person. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for identifying factors associated death.STATISTICAL ANALYSISWe analysed the surveillance data by time, place and person. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for identifying factors associated death.During 2010, 1302 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported to the Tamil Nadu surveillance unit. Of these, 72 patients died (case fatality=5.5%). About 2/3 of the cases and 40% of the deaths were from three districts. On multivariate analysis, past history of diabetes, treatment in private hospitals, treatment with corticosteroids during illness, visit to >1 healthcare facility before laboratory confirmation and delay of >48 h in starting antivirals were found to be independently associated with the deaths.RESULTSDuring 2010, 1302 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported to the Tamil Nadu surveillance unit. Of these, 72 patients died (case fatality=5.5%). About 2/3 of the cases and 40% of the deaths were from three districts. On multivariate analysis, past history of diabetes, treatment in private hospitals, treatment with corticosteroids during illness, visit to >1 healthcare facility before laboratory confirmation and delay of >48 h in starting antivirals were found to be independently associated with the deaths.Influenza patients with previous history of diabetes, who had treatment with corticosteroids during illness, and started with antivirals after 48 h of onset of symptoms, were at higher risk of adverse outcome. In order to reduce the risk of death during future waves of influenza in Tamil Nadu, the physicians need to be sensitised regarding (1) higher risk of adverse outcomes among A (H1N1) patients with diabetes; (2) adherence to the national protocol for categorisation of cases; (3) prompt initiation of antivirals for severe cases; and (4) avoidance of systemic corticosteroids during management.CONCLUSIONSInfluenza patients with previous history of diabetes, who had treatment with corticosteroids during illness, and started with antivirals after 48 h of onset of symptoms, were at higher risk of adverse outcome. In order to reduce the risk of death during future waves of influenza in Tamil Nadu, the physicians need to be sensitised regarding (1) higher risk of adverse outcomes among A (H1N1) patients with diabetes; (2) adherence to the national protocol for categorisation of cases; (3) prompt initiation of antivirals for severe cases; and (4) avoidance of systemic corticosteroids during management. Background: Limited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India. Aims: To describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) patients and identify risk factors associated with death. Settings and Design: We reviewed the surveillance data of laboratory-confirmed patients in Tamil Nadu, India, for the year 2010. We conducted a case-control study by comparing 70 laboratory-confirmed A (H1N1) patients who died (cases) with 210 A (H1N1) patients who recovered (controls) to identify the risk factors for deaths. Materials and Methods: We interviewed the controls and immediate care-takers of the influenza patients who died to collect information about socio-demographic details and co-morbid conditions. We used an abstraction form to collect the information about the clinical details from the case records of the hospitals where the cases and controls received treatment. Statistical Analysis: We analysed the surveillance data by time, place and person. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for identifying factors associated death. Results: During 2010, 1302 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported to the Tamil Nadu surveillance unit. Of these, 72 patients died (case fatality=5.5%). About 2/3 of the cases and 40% of the deaths were from three districts. On multivariate analysis, past history of diabetes, treatment in private hospitals, treatment with corticosteroids during illness, visit to >1 healthcare facility before laboratory confirmation and delay of >48 h in starting antivirals were found to be independently associated with the deaths. Conclusions: Influenza patients with previous history of diabetes, who had treatment with corticosteroids during illness, and started with antivirals after 48 h of onset of symptoms, were at higher risk of adverse outcome. In order to reduce the risk of death during future waves of influenza in Tamil Nadu, the physicians need to be sensitised regarding (1) higher risk of adverse outcomes among A (H1N1) patients with diabetes; (2) adherence to the national protocol for categorisation of cases; (3) prompt initiation of antivirals for severe cases; and (4) avoidance of systemic corticosteroids during management. Limited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India. To describe the epidemiology of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H1N1) patients and identify risk factors associated with death. We reviewed the surveillance data of laboratory-confirmed patients in Tamil Nadu, India, for the year 2010. We conducted a case-control study by comparing 70 laboratory-confirmed A (H1N1) patients who died (cases) with 210 A (H1N1) patients who recovered (controls) to identify the risk factors for deaths. We interviewed the controls and immediate care-takers of the influenza patients who died to collect information about socio-demographic details and co-morbid conditions. We used an abstraction form to collect the information about the clinical details from the case records of the hospitals where the cases and controls received treatment. We analysed the surveillance data by time, place and person. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for identifying factors associated death. During 2010, 1302 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported to the Tamil Nadu surveillance unit. Of these, 72 patients died (case fatality=5.5%). About 2/3 of the cases and 40% of the deaths were from three districts. On multivariate analysis, past history of diabetes, treatment in private hospitals, treatment with corticosteroids during illness, visit to >1 healthcare facility before laboratory confirmation and delay of >48 h in starting antivirals were found to be independently associated with the deaths. Influenza patients with previous history of diabetes, who had treatment with corticosteroids during illness, and started with antivirals after 48 h of onset of symptoms, were at higher risk of adverse outcome. In order to reduce the risk of death during future waves of influenza in Tamil Nadu, the physicians need to be sensitised regarding (1) higher risk of adverse outcomes among A (H1N1) patients with diabetes; (2) adherence to the national protocol for categorisation of cases; (3) prompt initiation of antivirals for severe cases; and (4) avoidance of systemic corticosteroids during management. |
| Audience | General |
| Author | Manickam, P Murhekar, M Pandian, PRT Kumar, M Swamy, K Balaganesakumar, S |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23525052$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cegh_2020_04_019 crossref_primary_10_1080_23744235_2016_1201721 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_59732_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_019_6824_z crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm10163521 crossref_primary_10_4081_jphr_2016_733 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_numecd_2023_03_016 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_919223 crossref_primary_10_4103_ijmr_ijmr_184_23 crossref_primary_10_1111_irv_12504 crossref_primary_10_1097_EDE_0b013e3182a67448 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13054_015_0764_5 crossref_primary_10_1097_CCM_0000000000004093 |
| Cites_doi | 10.3855/jidc.1007 10.1186/1471-2334-10-256 10.1164/rccm.201101-0110OC 10.1056/NEJMoa0903810 10.1136/bmj.b2840 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819fb507 10.1093/tropej/fmq048 10.1503/cmaj.091823 10.1056/NEJMoa0906695 10.1007/s12098-010-0168-0 |
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| Snippet | Background: Limited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India. Aims: To describe the... Limited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India. To describe the epidemiology of... Limited information is available about the risk factors associated with death among patients of influenza A (H1N1) in India.BACKGROUNDLimited information is... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged, 80 and over Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use Biomedical research Case-Control Studies Confidence intervals Epidemiology Fatalities Female Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Hospitals Hospitals, Private Human subjects Humans Illnesses India - epidemiology Influenza Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Influenza, Human - diagnosis Influenza, Human - drug therapy Influenza, Human - mortality Laboratories Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis Odds Ratio Population Surveillance Risk Factors Sex Distribution Socioeconomic Factors Treatment Outcome Young Adult |
| Title | Risk factors associated with death among influenza A (H1N1) patients, Tamil Nadu, India, 2010 |
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