Epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic impact of hepatitis B and D virus infection on hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of the literature

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for >90% of primary liver cancer cases, and chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) are major contributors. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database, focusing on studies related...

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Published in:Virology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 600; p. 110273
Main Authors: Bruni, Angelo, Castellana, Chiara, Dajti, Elton, Barbara, Giovanni, Marasco, Giovanni, Maida, Marcello, Serviddio, Gaetano, Facciorusso, Antonio
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.12.2024
Subjects:
Antiviral Agents - therapeutic use
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - epidemiology
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - virology
Coinfection - virology
Hepatitis B - complications
Hepatitis B - drug therapy
Hepatitis B - virology
Hepatitis B virus - genetics
Hepatitis B virus - physiology
Hepatitis B, Chronic - complications
Hepatitis B, Chronic - drug therapy
Hepatitis B, Chronic - virology
Hepatitis D - complications
Hepatitis D - drug therapy
Hepatitis D - epidemiology
Hepatitis D - virology
Hepatitis Delta Virus - genetics
Hepatitis Delta Virus - physiology
Humans
Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology
Liver Neoplasms - virology
Prognosis
Cirrhosis
Liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma
HDV
HBV
Fibrosis
ISSN:1096-0341, 1096-0341
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Summary:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for >90% of primary liver cancer cases, and chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV) are major contributors. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database, focusing on studies related to HBV, HDV, and HCC. HBV contributes to HCC through mechanisms like viral integration into the host genome, chronic inflammation, and immune modulation, leading to genomic instability and altered cell signaling. HDV exacerbates HBV-induced liver damage, accelerating fibrosis and cirrhosis, and significantly increasing HCC risk. Antiviral therapies and vaccinations have majorly reduced the burden of HBV-related HCC, but HDV remains challenging to treat due to limited therapeutic options. Emerging treatments like Bulevirtide showed promising results. This review highlights the critical impact of HBV and HDV co-infections on HCC development, emphasizing the need for more effective therapeutic strategies. While advances in antiviral therapies have reduced the incidence of HBV-related HCC, the high burden of HDV-related complications persists. Future research should focus on improving treatments for HDV and understanding its unique contribution to HCC pathogenesis.
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ISSN:1096-0341
1096-0341
DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2024.110273