Comparison of the incidence of diabetes in United States and Indian youth: An international harmonization of youth diabetes registries

Objective Incidence of youth‐onset diabetes in India has not been well described. Comparison of incidence, across diabetes registries, has the potential to inform hypotheses for risk factors. We sought to compare the incidence of diabetes in the U.S.‐based registry of youth onset diabetes (SEARCH) t...

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Published in:Pediatric Diabetes Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 8 - 14
Main Authors: Jensen, Elizabeth T., Dabelea, Dana A., Praveen, Pradeep A., Amutha, Anandakumar, Hockett, Christine W., Isom, Scott P., Ong, Toan C., Mohan, Viswanathan, D'Agostino, Ralph, Kahn, Michael G., Hamman, Richard F., Wadwa, Paul, Dolan, Lawrence, Lawrence, Jean M., Madhu, S.V., Chhokar, Reshmi, Goel, Komal, Tandon, Nikhil, Mayer‐Davis, Elizabeth
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Former Munksgaard Hindawi Limited 01.02.2021
John Wiley & Sons A/S
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Subjects:
Adolescent
Age
Age composition
Census
Child
Child, Preschool
descriptive epidemiology of diabetes
Diabetes
diabetes in youth; incidence
Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology
Female
Humans
Incidence
India
India - epidemiology
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Male
Registries
Risk factors
Sex differences
United States
United States - epidemiology
Young Adult
United States
India
United States > US
United States
descriptive epidemiology of diabetes
diabetes in youth; incidence
India
ISSN:1399-543X, 1399-5448, 1399-5448
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Summary:Objective Incidence of youth‐onset diabetes in India has not been well described. Comparison of incidence, across diabetes registries, has the potential to inform hypotheses for risk factors. We sought to compare the incidence of diabetes in the U.S.‐based registry of youth onset diabetes (SEARCH) to the Registry of Diabetes with Young Age at Onset (YDR—Chennai and New Delhi regions) in India. Methods We harmonized data from both SEARCH and YDR to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model. Data were from youth registered with incident diabetes (2006‐2012). Denominators were from census and membership data. We calculated diabetes incidence by averaging the total cases across the entire follow‐up period and dividing this by the estimated census population corresponding to the source population for case ascertainment. Incidence was calculated for each of the registries and compared by type and within age and sex categories using a 2‐sided, skew‐corrected inverted score test. Results Incidence of type 1 was higher in SEARCH (21.2 cases/100 000 [95% CI: 19.9, 22.5]) than YDR (4.9 cases/100 000 [95% CI: 4.3, 5.6]). Incidence of type 2 diabetes was also higher in SEARCH (5.9 cases/100 000 [95% CI: 5.3, 6.6] in SEARCH vs 0.5/cases/100 000 [95% CI: 0.3, 0.7] in YDR). The age distribution of incident type 1 diabetes cases was similar across registries, whereas type 2 diabetes incidence was higher at an earlier age in SEARCH. Sex differences existed in SEARCH only, with a higher rate of type 2 diabetes among females. Conclusion The incidence of youth‐onset type 1 and 2 diabetes was significantly different between registries. Additional data are needed to elucidate whether the differences observed represent diagnostic delay, differences in genetic susceptibility, or differences in distribution of risk factors.
Bibliography:Funding information
Indian Council of Medical Research; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Grant/Award Number: R21DK105869‐02; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Public Health Foundation of India
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Author contributions: N.T, D.D, V.M, R.F.H and E.J.M.-D conceptualized the study and oversaw the data harmonization. C.W.H., P.P., T.C.O., S.P.I., M.G.K. and A.A. harmonized and transformed data into the common data model (OMOP). S.P.I analyzed the data. E.T.J. prepared the manuscript and provided oversight for study analyses. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript and contributed to discussion. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
ISSN:1399-543X
1399-5448
1399-5448
DOI:10.1111/pedi.13009