Reference equations for pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, amplitude of forward and backward wave in a European general adult population

Pulsatile hemodynamics have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of the current study was to describe four pulsatile hemodynamic markers in a large, well-established, population-based cohort and to provide reference equations for sex- and age-based standardizatio...

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Veröffentlicht in:Scientific reports Jg. 14; H. 1; S. 23151 - 13
Hauptverfasser: Azizzadeh, Mohammad, Karimi, Ahmad, Breyer-Kohansal, Robab, Hartl, Sylvia, Breyer, Marie-Kathrin, Gross, Christoph, Boutouyrie, Pierre, Bruno, Rosa Maria, Hametner, Bernhard, Wassertheurer, Siegfried, Burghuber, Otto Chris, Weber, Thomas
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London Nature Publishing Group UK 05.10.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Schlagworte:
692/308
692/4019
692/700
Adult
Age groups
Aged
Aging
Amplitude of forward wave
Augmentation index
Backward wave
Cardiovascular diseases
Coefficient of variation
Cohort Studies
Diabetes mellitus
Drug therapy
Dyslipidemia
Female
Females
Hemodynamics
Hemodynamics - physiology
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Hypertension
Lead
Male
Males
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Population studies
Pulse Wave Analysis - methods
Pulse wave velocity
Reference equation
Reference Values
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sex differences
Standardization
Vascular Stiffness - physiology
Velocity
Wave velocity
Young Adult
Z-score
Pulse wave velocity
Z-score
Augmentation index
Reference equation
Amplitude of forward wave
Backward wave
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Pulsatile hemodynamics have been shown to be independent predictors of cardiovascular events. The aim of the current study was to describe four pulsatile hemodynamic markers in a large, well-established, population-based cohort and to provide reference equations for sex- and age-based standardization of these measurements. 6828 adult participants from the Austrian LEAD (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy) cohort study, who were free from overt cardiovascular disease, non-diabetic based on blood test results, and had no history of pharmacological treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, comprised the “reference population”. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx), amplitude of forward wave (Pf), and backward wave (Pb) were described in different age categories for both sexes. Sex-specific reference equations for cfPWV, AIx, Pf, and Pb with age as the predictive variable were created using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method. All four parameters increased with age. CfPWV and Pf were higher in males than females, especially in young and middle-age groups ( P  < 0.001). AIx was higher in females than males in all age categories ( P  < 0.001). Pb was also higher in females than males in age groups older than 40 years ( P  < 0.01). Reference equations for the skewness (Lambda), median (Mu), and coefficient of variation (Sigma) values were determined, enabling the calculation of sex- and age-standardized values (z-scores) for each individual’s pulsatile hemodynamic measurement, and an online application was developed. Reference equations derived from a large population-based dataset constitute a suitable tool for the standardization of pulsatile hemodynamics and for the accurate interpretation of vascular aging.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-74162-5