Leveraging Systematic Reviews to Explore Disease Burden and Costs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposures in the United States

Accelerating evidence confirms the contribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to disease burden and disability across the lifespan. Given that policy makers raise the high cost of remediation and of substituting PFAS with safer alternatives in consumer products as barriers to confron...

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Published in:	Exposure and health Vol. 15; no. 2; pp. 373 - 394
Main Authors:	Obsekov, Vladislav, Kahn, Linda G., Trasande, Leonardo
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.06.2023 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Aquatic Pollution Bans Consumer products Cost analysis Costs Diabetes Disease Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Economic impact Economics Endocrine disruptors Environment Environmental Health Environmental protection Exposure Fertility Food contamination & poisoning Food packaging Health services Hyperlipidemia Hypothyroidism Infertility Inflammatory bowel disease Kidney cancer Life span Lower bounds Mathematical analysis Meta-analysis Obesity Original Paper Perfluoroalkyl & polyfluoroalkyl substances Perfluorochemicals Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid Perfluorooctanoic acid Pollution Prenatal exposure Public health Sensitivity analysis Systematic review Testicular cancer Thyroid gland Waste Water Technology Water and Health Water Management Water Pollution Control Water Quality/Water Pollution United States > US Reproductive health Obesity Polyfluoroalkyl substances Respiratory infection Metabolism PFAS Disease burden Fertility Child health Perfluoroalkyl substances Economic costs Diabetes Environmental chemicals Cancer
ISSN:	2451-9766, 2451-9685
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Abstract	Accelerating evidence confirms the contribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to disease burden and disability across the lifespan. Given that policy makers raise the high cost of remediation and of substituting PFAS with safer alternatives in consumer products as barriers to confronting adverse health outcomes associated with PFAS exposure, it is important to document the costs of inaction even in the presence of uncertainty. We therefore quantified disease burdens and related economic costs due to legacy PFAS exposures in the US in 2018. We leveraged systematic reviews and used meta-analytic inputs whenever possible, identified previously published exposure–response relationships, and calculated PFOA- and PFOS-attributable increases in 13 conditions. These increments were then applied to census data to determine total annual PFOA- and PFOS-attributable cases of disease, from which we calculated economic costs due to medical care and lost productivity using previously published cost-of-illness data. We identified PFAS-attributable disease costs in the US of $5.52 billion across five primary disease endpoints shown to be associated with PFAS exposure in meta-analyses. This estimate represented the lower bound, with sensitivity analyses revealing as much as $62.6 billion in overall costs. While further work is needed to assess probability of causation and establish with greater certainty effects of the broader category of PFAS, the results confirm further that public health and policy interventions are still necessary to reduce exposure to PFOA and PFOS and their endocrine-disrupting effects. This study demonstrates the large potential economic implications of regulatory inaction.
AbstractList	Accelerating evidence confirms the contribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to disease burden and disability across the lifespan. Given that policy makers raise the high cost of remediation and of substituting PFAS with safer alternatives in consumer products as barriers to confronting adverse health outcomes associated with PFAS exposure, it is important to document the costs of inaction even in the presence of uncertainty. We therefore quantified disease burdens and related economic costs due to legacy PFAS exposures in the US in 2018. We leveraged systematic reviews and used meta-analytic inputs whenever possible, identified previously published exposure-response relationships, and calculated PFOA- and PFOS-attributable increases in 13 conditions. These increments were then applied to census data to determine total annual PFOA- and PFOS-attributable cases of disease, from which we calculated economic costs due to medical care and lost productivity using previously published cost-of-illness data. We identified PFAS-attributable disease costs in the US of $5.52 billion across five primary disease endpoints shown to be associated with PFAS exposure in meta-analyses. This estimate represented the lower bound, with sensitivity analyses revealing as much as $62.6 billion in overall costs. While further work is needed to assess probability of causation and establish with greater certainty effects of the broader category of PFAS, the results confirm further that public health and policy interventions are still necessary to reduce exposure to PFOA and PFOS and their endocrine-disrupting effects. This study demonstrates the large potential economic implications of regulatory inaction.Accelerating evidence confirms the contribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to disease burden and disability across the lifespan. Given that policy makers raise the high cost of remediation and of substituting PFAS with safer alternatives in consumer products as barriers to confronting adverse health outcomes associated with PFAS exposure, it is important to document the costs of inaction even in the presence of uncertainty. We therefore quantified disease burdens and related economic costs due to legacy PFAS exposures in the US in 2018. We leveraged systematic reviews and used meta-analytic inputs whenever possible, identified previously published exposure-response relationships, and calculated PFOA- and PFOS-attributable increases in 13 conditions. These increments were then applied to census data to determine total annual PFOA- and PFOS-attributable cases of disease, from which we calculated economic costs due to medical care and lost productivity using previously published cost-of-illness data. We identified PFAS-attributable disease costs in the US of $5.52 billion across five primary disease endpoints shown to be associated with PFAS exposure in meta-analyses. This estimate represented the lower bound, with sensitivity analyses revealing as much as $62.6 billion in overall costs. While further work is needed to assess probability of causation and establish with greater certainty effects of the broader category of PFAS, the results confirm further that public health and policy interventions are still necessary to reduce exposure to PFOA and PFOS and their endocrine-disrupting effects. This study demonstrates the large potential economic implications of regulatory inaction.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-022-00496-y.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-022-00496-y. Accelerating evidence confirms the contribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to disease burden and disability across the lifespan. Given that policy makers raise the high cost of remediation and of substituting PFAS with safer alternatives in consumer products as barriers to confronting adverse health outcomes associated with PFAS exposure, it is important to document the costs of inaction even in the presence of uncertainty. We therefore quantified disease burdens and related economic costs due to legacy PFAS exposures in the US in 2018. We leveraged systematic reviews and used meta-analytic inputs whenever possible, identified previously published exposure–response relationships, and calculated PFOA- and PFOS-attributable increases in 13 conditions. These increments were then applied to census data to determine total annual PFOA- and PFOS-attributable cases of disease, from which we calculated economic costs due to medical care and lost productivity using previously published cost-of-illness data. We identified PFAS-attributable disease costs in the US of $5.52 billion across five primary disease endpoints shown to be associated with PFAS exposure in meta-analyses. This estimate represented the lower bound, with sensitivity analyses revealing as much as $62.6 billion in overall costs. While further work is needed to assess probability of causation and establish with greater certainty effects of the broader category of PFAS, the results confirm further that public health and policy interventions are still necessary to reduce exposure to PFOA and PFOS and their endocrine-disrupting effects. This study demonstrates the large potential economic implications of regulatory inaction. Accelerating evidence confirms the contribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to disease burden and disability across the lifespan. Given that policy makers raise the high cost of remediation and of substituting PFAS with safer alternatives in consumer products as barriers to confronting adverse health outcomes associated with PFAS exposure, it is important to document the costs of inaction even in the presence of uncertainty. We therefore quantified disease burdens and related economic costs due to legacy PFAS exposures in the US in 2018. We leveraged systematic reviews and used meta-analytic inputs whenever possible, identified previously published exposure-response relationships, and calculated PFOA- and PFOS-attributable increases in 13 conditions. These increments were then applied to census data to determine total annual PFOA- and PFOS-attributable cases of disease, from which we calculated economic costs due to medical care and lost productivity using previously published cost-of-illness data. We identified PFAS-attributable disease costs in the US of $5.52 billion across five primary disease endpoints shown to be associated with PFAS exposure in meta-analyses. This estimate represented the lower bound, with sensitivity analyses revealing as much as $62.6 billion in overall costs. While further work is needed to assess probability of causation and establish with greater certainty effects of the broader category of PFAS, the results confirm further that public health and policy interventions are still necessary to reduce exposure to PFOA and PFOS and their endocrine-disrupting effects. This study demonstrates the large potential economic implications of regulatory inaction. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12403-022-00496-y.
Author	Obsekov, Vladislav Trasande, Leonardo Kahn, Linda G.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Vladislav surname: Obsekov fullname: Obsekov, Vladislav organization: Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine – sequence: 2 givenname: Linda G. surname: Kahn fullname: Kahn, Linda G. organization: Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine – sequence: 3 givenname: Leonardo orcidid: 0000-0002-1928-597X surname: Trasande fullname: Trasande, Leonardo email: leonardo.trasande@nyulangone.org organization: Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Wagner School of Public Service, NYU School of Global Public Health
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Keywords	Reproductive health Obesity Polyfluoroalkyl substances Respiratory infection Metabolism PFAS Disease burden Fertility Child health Perfluoroalkyl substances Economic costs Diabetes Environmental chemicals Cancer
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SubjectTerms	Aquatic Pollution Bans Consumer products Cost analysis Costs Diabetes Disease Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Economic impact Economics Endocrine disruptors Environment Environmental Health Environmental protection Exposure Fertility Food contamination & poisoning Food packaging Health services Hyperlipidemia Hypothyroidism Infertility Inflammatory bowel disease Kidney cancer Life span Lower bounds Mathematical analysis Meta-analysis Obesity Original Paper Perfluoroalkyl & polyfluoroalkyl substances Perfluorochemicals Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid Perfluorooctanoic acid Pollution Prenatal exposure Public health Sensitivity analysis Systematic review Testicular cancer Thyroid gland Waste Water Technology Water and Health Water Management Water Pollution Control Water Quality/Water Pollution
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Title	Leveraging Systematic Reviews to Explore Disease Burden and Costs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposures in the United States
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