COVID-19 immune signatures in Uganda persist in HIV co-infection and diverge by pandemic phase

Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:Nature communications Ročník 15; číslo 1; s. 1475 - 18
Hlavní autoři: Cummings, Matthew J., Bakamutumaho, Barnabas, Lutwama, Julius J., Owor, Nicholas, Che, Xiaoyu, Astorkia, Maider, Postler, Thomas S., Kayiwa, John, Kiconco, Jocelyn, Muwanga, Moses, Nsereko, Christopher, Rwamutwe, Emmanuel, Nayiga, Irene, Kyebambe, Stephen, Haumba, Mercy, Bosa, Henry Kyobe, Ocom, Felix, Watyaba, Benjamin, Kikaire, Bernard, Tomoiaga, Alin S., Kisaka, Stevens, Kiwanuka, Noah, Lipkin, W. Ian, O’Donnell, Max R.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London Nature Publishing Group UK 17.02.2024
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Témata:
631/250/2502
631/250/2520
631/250/254
631/250/255/2514
692/420/254
Adult
Adults
CD8 antigen
Cell activation
Coinfection - epidemiology
COVID-19
Fibrosis
Growth factors
HIV
HIV Infections - complications
HIV Infections - epidemiology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immunology
Immunopathology
Immunotherapy
Infections
Inflammasomes
Inflammation
Lung diseases
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Lymphopenia
Lymphotoxin
multidisciplinary
Pandemics
Peripheral blood
Platelet-derived growth factor
Prospective Studies
Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Proteomes
Respiratory tract infection
SARS-CoV-2
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Transcriptomes
Tumor necrosis factor-β
Uganda - epidemiology
Viral diseases
Uganda
Africa
ISSN:2041-1723, 2041-1723
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Abstract Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda, we profile the peripheral blood proteome and transcriptome to characterize the immunopathology of COVID-19 across multiple phases of the pandemic. Beyond the prognostic importance of myeloid cell-driven immune activation and lymphopenia, we show that multifaceted impairment of host protein synthesis and redox imbalance define core biological signatures of severe COVID-19, with central roles for IL-7, IL-15, and lymphotoxin-α in COVID-19 respiratory failure. While prognostic signatures are generally consistent in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-coinfection, type I interferon responses uniquely scale with COVID-19 severity in persons living with HIV. Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 severity peaked during phases dominated by A.23/A.23.1 and Delta B.1.617.2/AY variants. Independent of clinical severity, Delta phase COVID-19 is distinguished by exaggerated pro-inflammatory myeloid cell and inflammasome activation, NK and CD8 + T cell depletion, and impaired host protein synthesis. Combining these analyses with a contemporary Ugandan cohort of adults hospitalized with influenza and other severe acute respiratory infections, we show that activation of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor pathways are distinct features of COVID-19, deepening translational understanding of mechanisms potentially underlying SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings provide biological rationale for use of broad and targeted immunotherapies for severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrate the relevance of local viral and host factors to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, and highlight underemphasized yet therapeutically exploitable immune pathways driving COVID-19 severity. Less is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection in unstudied geographical areas such as sub-Saharan Africa. Here the authors use multi-omics to characterize the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in Uganda and consider how people living with HIV immunologically differentially respond to the virus.
AbstractList Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda, we profile the peripheral blood proteome and transcriptome to characterize the immunopathology of COVID-19 across multiple phases of the pandemic. Beyond the prognostic importance of myeloid cell-driven immune activation and lymphopenia, we show that multifaceted impairment of host protein synthesis and redox imbalance define core biological signatures of severe COVID-19, with central roles for IL-7, IL-15, and lymphotoxin-α in COVID-19 respiratory failure. While prognostic signatures are generally consistent in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-coinfection, type I interferon responses uniquely scale with COVID-19 severity in persons living with HIV. Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 severity peaked during phases dominated by A.23/A.23.1 and Delta B.1.617.2/AY variants. Independent of clinical severity, Delta phase COVID-19 is distinguished by exaggerated pro-inflammatory myeloid cell and inflammasome activation, NK and CD8 + T cell depletion, and impaired host protein synthesis. Combining these analyses with a contemporary Ugandan cohort of adults hospitalized with influenza and other severe acute respiratory infections, we show that activation of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor pathways are distinct features of COVID-19, deepening translational understanding of mechanisms potentially underlying SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings provide biological rationale for use of broad and targeted immunotherapies for severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrate the relevance of local viral and host factors to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, and highlight underemphasized yet therapeutically exploitable immune pathways driving COVID-19 severity.
Abstract Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda, we profile the peripheral blood proteome and transcriptome to characterize the immunopathology of COVID-19 across multiple phases of the pandemic. Beyond the prognostic importance of myeloid cell-driven immune activation and lymphopenia, we show that multifaceted impairment of host protein synthesis and redox imbalance define core biological signatures of severe COVID-19, with central roles for IL-7, IL-15, and lymphotoxin-α in COVID-19 respiratory failure. While prognostic signatures are generally consistent in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-coinfection, type I interferon responses uniquely scale with COVID-19 severity in persons living with HIV. Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 severity peaked during phases dominated by A.23/A.23.1 and Delta B.1.617.2/AY variants. Independent of clinical severity, Delta phase COVID-19 is distinguished by exaggerated pro-inflammatory myeloid cell and inflammasome activation, NK and CD8+ T cell depletion, and impaired host protein synthesis. Combining these analyses with a contemporary Ugandan cohort of adults hospitalized with influenza and other severe acute respiratory infections, we show that activation of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor pathways are distinct features of COVID-19, deepening translational understanding of mechanisms potentially underlying SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings provide biological rationale for use of broad and targeted immunotherapies for severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrate the relevance of local viral and host factors to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, and highlight underemphasized yet therapeutically exploitable immune pathways driving COVID-19 severity.
Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda, we profile the peripheral blood proteome and transcriptome to characterize the immunopathology of COVID-19 across multiple phases of the pandemic. Beyond the prognostic importance of myeloid cell-driven immune activation and lymphopenia, we show that multifaceted impairment of host protein synthesis and redox imbalance define core biological signatures of severe COVID-19, with central roles for IL-7, IL-15, and lymphotoxin-α in COVID-19 respiratory failure. While prognostic signatures are generally consistent in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-coinfection, type I interferon responses uniquely scale with COVID-19 severity in persons living with HIV. Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 severity peaked during phases dominated by A.23/A.23.1 and Delta B.1.617.2/AY variants. Independent of clinical severity, Delta phase COVID-19 is distinguished by exaggerated pro-inflammatory myeloid cell and inflammasome activation, NK and CD8 + T cell depletion, and impaired host protein synthesis. Combining these analyses with a contemporary Ugandan cohort of adults hospitalized with influenza and other severe acute respiratory infections, we show that activation of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor pathways are distinct features of COVID-19, deepening translational understanding of mechanisms potentially underlying SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings provide biological rationale for use of broad and targeted immunotherapies for severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrate the relevance of local viral and host factors to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, and highlight underemphasized yet therapeutically exploitable immune pathways driving COVID-19 severity. Less is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection in unstudied geographical areas such as sub-Saharan Africa. Here the authors use multi-omics to characterize the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in Uganda and consider how people living with HIV immunologically differentially respond to the virus.
Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda, we profile the peripheral blood proteome and transcriptome to characterize the immunopathology of COVID-19 across multiple phases of the pandemic. Beyond the prognostic importance of myeloid cell-driven immune activation and lymphopenia, we show that multifaceted impairment of host protein synthesis and redox imbalance define core biological signatures of severe COVID-19, with central roles for IL-7, IL-15, and lymphotoxin-α in COVID-19 respiratory failure. While prognostic signatures are generally consistent in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-coinfection, type I interferon responses uniquely scale with COVID-19 severity in persons living with HIV. Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 severity peaked during phases dominated by A.23/A.23.1 and Delta B.1.617.2/AY variants. Independent of clinical severity, Delta phase COVID-19 is distinguished by exaggerated pro-inflammatory myeloid cell and inflammasome activation, NK and CD8+ T cell depletion, and impaired host protein synthesis. Combining these analyses with a contemporary Ugandan cohort of adults hospitalized with influenza and other severe acute respiratory infections, we show that activation of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor pathways are distinct features of COVID-19, deepening translational understanding of mechanisms potentially underlying SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings provide biological rationale for use of broad and targeted immunotherapies for severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrate the relevance of local viral and host factors to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, and highlight underemphasized yet therapeutically exploitable immune pathways driving COVID-19 severity.Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda, we profile the peripheral blood proteome and transcriptome to characterize the immunopathology of COVID-19 across multiple phases of the pandemic. Beyond the prognostic importance of myeloid cell-driven immune activation and lymphopenia, we show that multifaceted impairment of host protein synthesis and redox imbalance define core biological signatures of severe COVID-19, with central roles for IL-7, IL-15, and lymphotoxin-α in COVID-19 respiratory failure. While prognostic signatures are generally consistent in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-coinfection, type I interferon responses uniquely scale with COVID-19 severity in persons living with HIV. Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 severity peaked during phases dominated by A.23/A.23.1 and Delta B.1.617.2/AY variants. Independent of clinical severity, Delta phase COVID-19 is distinguished by exaggerated pro-inflammatory myeloid cell and inflammasome activation, NK and CD8+ T cell depletion, and impaired host protein synthesis. Combining these analyses with a contemporary Ugandan cohort of adults hospitalized with influenza and other severe acute respiratory infections, we show that activation of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor pathways are distinct features of COVID-19, deepening translational understanding of mechanisms potentially underlying SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings provide biological rationale for use of broad and targeted immunotherapies for severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrate the relevance of local viral and host factors to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, and highlight underemphasized yet therapeutically exploitable immune pathways driving COVID-19 severity.
Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda, we profile the peripheral blood proteome and transcriptome to characterize the immunopathology of COVID-19 across multiple phases of the pandemic. Beyond the prognostic importance of myeloid cell-driven immune activation and lymphopenia, we show that multifaceted impairment of host protein synthesis and redox imbalance define core biological signatures of severe COVID-19, with central roles for IL-7, IL-15, and lymphotoxin-α in COVID-19 respiratory failure. While prognostic signatures are generally consistent in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-coinfection, type I interferon responses uniquely scale with COVID-19 severity in persons living with HIV. Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 severity peaked during phases dominated by A.23/A.23.1 and Delta B.1.617.2/AY variants. Independent of clinical severity, Delta phase COVID-19 is distinguished by exaggerated pro-inflammatory myeloid cell and inflammasome activation, NK and CD8+ T cell depletion, and impaired host protein synthesis. Combining these analyses with a contemporary Ugandan cohort of adults hospitalized with influenza and other severe acute respiratory infections, we show that activation of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor pathways are distinct features of COVID-19, deepening translational understanding of mechanisms potentially underlying SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings provide biological rationale for use of broad and targeted immunotherapies for severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrate the relevance of local viral and host factors to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, and highlight underemphasized yet therapeutically exploitable immune pathways driving COVID-19 severity. Less is known about SARS-CoV-2 infection in unstudied geographical areas such as sub-Saharan Africa. Here the authors use multi-omics to characterize the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in Uganda and consider how people living with HIV immunologically differentially respond to the virus.
Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world and the immunological landscape is unique. In a prospective cohort study of 306 adults encompassing the entire clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Uganda, we profile the peripheral blood proteome and transcriptome to characterize the immunopathology of COVID-19 across multiple phases of the pandemic. Beyond the prognostic importance of myeloid cell-driven immune activation and lymphopenia, we show that multifaceted impairment of host protein synthesis and redox imbalance define core biological signatures of severe COVID-19, with central roles for IL-7, IL-15, and lymphotoxin-α in COVID-19 respiratory failure. While prognostic signatures are generally consistent in SARS-CoV-2/HIV-coinfection, type I interferon responses uniquely scale with COVID-19 severity in persons living with HIV. Throughout the pandemic, COVID-19 severity peaked during phases dominated by A.23/A.23.1 and Delta B.1.617.2/AY variants. Independent of clinical severity, Delta phase COVID-19 is distinguished by exaggerated pro-inflammatory myeloid cell and inflammasome activation, NK and CD8 T cell depletion, and impaired host protein synthesis. Combining these analyses with a contemporary Ugandan cohort of adults hospitalized with influenza and other severe acute respiratory infections, we show that activation of epidermal and platelet-derived growth factor pathways are distinct features of COVID-19, deepening translational understanding of mechanisms potentially underlying SARS-CoV-2-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, our findings provide biological rationale for use of broad and targeted immunotherapies for severe COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, illustrate the relevance of local viral and host factors to SARS-CoV-2 immunopathology, and highlight underemphasized yet therapeutically exploitable immune pathways driving COVID-19 severity.
ArticleNumber 1475
Author Rwamutwe, Emmanuel
Kikaire, Bernard
Kiwanuka, Noah
O’Donnell, Max R.
Owor, Nicholas
Watyaba, Benjamin
Che, Xiaoyu
Lipkin, W. Ian
Nsereko, Christopher
Ocom, Felix
Lutwama, Julius J.
Cummings, Matthew J.
Muwanga, Moses
Postler, Thomas S.
Kayiwa, John
Bosa, Henry Kyobe
Tomoiaga, Alin S.
Nayiga, Irene
Kyebambe, Stephen
Kiconco, Jocelyn
Bakamutumaho, Barnabas
Haumba, Mercy
Kisaka, Stevens
Astorkia, Maider
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Matthew J.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2906-0966
  surname: Cummings
  fullname: Cummings, Matthew J.
  email: mjc2244@columbia.edu
  organization: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Barnabas
  surname: Bakamutumaho
  fullname: Bakamutumaho, Barnabas
  organization: Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Julius J.
  surname: Lutwama
  fullname: Lutwama, Julius J.
  organization: Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Nicholas
  surname: Owor
  fullname: Owor, Nicholas
  organization: Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Xiaoyu
  surname: Che
  fullname: Che, Xiaoyu
  organization: Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Maider
  surname: Astorkia
  fullname: Astorkia, Maider
  organization: Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Thomas S.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3558-9084
  surname: Postler
  fullname: Postler, Thomas S.
  organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
– sequence: 8
  givenname: John
  surname: Kayiwa
  fullname: Kayiwa, John
  organization: Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Jocelyn
  surname: Kiconco
  fullname: Kiconco, Jocelyn
  organization: Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Moses
  surname: Muwanga
  fullname: Muwanga, Moses
  organization: Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Christopher
  surname: Nsereko
  fullname: Nsereko, Christopher
  organization: Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Emmanuel
  surname: Rwamutwe
  fullname: Rwamutwe, Emmanuel
  organization: Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Irene
  surname: Nayiga
  fullname: Nayiga, Irene
  organization: Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Stephen
  surname: Kyebambe
  fullname: Kyebambe, Stephen
  organization: Entebbe Regional Referral Hospital
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Mercy
  surname: Haumba
  fullname: Haumba, Mercy
  organization: Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Henry Kyobe
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6593-8727
  surname: Bosa
  fullname: Bosa, Henry Kyobe
  organization: Uganda Peoples’ Defence Forces, Ministry of Health
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Felix
  surname: Ocom
  fullname: Ocom, Felix
  organization: Ministry of Health
– sequence: 18
  givenname: Benjamin
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2512-8425
  surname: Watyaba
  fullname: Watyaba, Benjamin
  organization: European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership-Eastern Africa Consortium for Clinical Research, Uganda Virus Research Institute
– sequence: 19
  givenname: Bernard
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9478-9062
  surname: Kikaire
  fullname: Kikaire, Bernard
  organization: European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership-Eastern Africa Consortium for Clinical Research, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences
– sequence: 20
  givenname: Alin S.
  surname: Tomoiaga
  fullname: Tomoiaga, Alin S.
  organization: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Department of Accounting, Business Analytics, Computer Information Systems, and Law, Manhattan College
– sequence: 21
  givenname: Stevens
  surname: Kisaka
  fullname: Kisaka, Stevens
  organization: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi
– sequence: 22
  givenname: Noah
  surname: Kiwanuka
  fullname: Kiwanuka, Noah
  organization: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health
– sequence: 23
  givenname: W. Ian
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8768-9386
  surname: Lipkin
  fullname: Lipkin, W. Ian
  organization: Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
– sequence: 24
  givenname: Max R.
  surname: O’Donnell
  fullname: O’Donnell, Max R.
  organization: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38368384$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9Uk1v1DAUjFARLaV_gAOyxIVLwF9xnBNCW6ArVeqF9ohlOy-pV4m92Eml_nucpoW2h1qynv08Mxrb87Y48MFDUbwn-DPBTH5JnHBRl5jyklcU85K9Ko5yJSWpKTt4tD4sTlLa4TxYQyTnb4pDJpmQTPKj4vfm4mp7WpIGuXGcPaDkeq-nOUJCzqPLXvtWoz3E5NK0dM62V8iG0vkO7OSCRxmAWncDsQdkbtE-72F0Fu2vdYJ3xetODwlO7utxcfnj-6_NWXl-8XO7-XZe2oqTqbQtllqaPDXuKlPXdcPBMGYM0ZxTKW0jBDYgKamEaTGnvKlspUUjuG4FZ8fFdtVtg96pfXSjjrcqaKfuGiH2SsfJ2QGUrSw1gsgOTMsB140goFvCGyFbaazNWl9Xrf1sRmgt-Cnq4Yno0xPvrlUfbhTBsuYck6zw6V4hhj8zpEmNLlkYBu0hzEnRhkrKacVYhn58Bt2FOfr8VguqlvnGrMqoD48t_fPy8I8ZIFeAjSGlCJ2ybtLL_2SHbsjW1JIataZG5dSou9SoxQF9Rn1Qf5HEVlLKYN9D_G_7BdZfMa7SfA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2025_1575135
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.chom.2012.09.006
10.1038/s41587-019-0114-2
10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00441-4
10.1038/s41586-021-03610-3
10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1
10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_8
10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217031
10.1093/ofid/ofab029
10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00475-8
10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007179
10.1038/s41467-022-35689-1
10.1186/1756-0381-4-10
10.1371/journal.ppat.1004110
10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30318-1
10.1038/s41577-021-00579-y
10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218025
10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.018
10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3
10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103893
10.1038/nri2970
10.1126/science.abc8511
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16485
10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110954
10.1001/jama.2021.11330
10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.033
10.1097/QAI.0000000000002578
10.1038/s41467-021-23267-w
10.1038/s41467-020-20139-7
10.1038/s41564-021-00933-9
10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001
10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066763
10.1126/science.abm8108
10.1038/s41590-019-0479-x
10.1038/nri3406
10.1371/journal.pone.0253767
10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.002
10.1038/s41590-021-01122-w
10.1073/pnas.0506580102
10.1126/sciimmunol.abd7114
10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170
10.1016/j.cels.2015.12.004
10.1126/scitranslmed.abd2223
10.1002/spe.4380211102
10.1136/bmj-2022-070695
10.1001/jama.2020.17023
10.1126/sciadv.abe3024
10.15585/mmwr.mm7106a4
10.1513/AnnalsATS.202203-244RL
10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635
10.1007/s10753-022-01734-w
10.1126/science.abc8665
10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.011
10.1038/s41577-021-00558-3
10.3201/eid2805.220121
10.1038/s41392-021-00809-8
10.3390/ijerph15092017
10.1038/s41598-022-23312-8
10.1155/2022/5589089
10.1038/s41580-021-00418-x
10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101489
10.1016/j.isci.2022.104759
10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2
10.1101/2021.06.21.449284
ContentType Journal Article
Contributor Kikaire, Bernard
Watyaba, Benjamin
O'Donnell, Max R
Contributor_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Benjamin
  surname: Watyaba
  fullname: Watyaba, Benjamin
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Bernard
  surname: Kikaire
  fullname: Kikaire, Bernard
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Max R
  surname: O'Donnell
  fullname: O'Donnell, Max R
Copyright The Author(s) 2024
2024. The Author(s).
The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: The Author(s) 2024
– notice: 2024. The Author(s).
– notice: The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
CorporateAuthor Collaboration for Clinical and Laboratory Characterization of COVID-19 in Uganda
CorporateAuthor_xml – name: Collaboration for Clinical and Laboratory Characterization of COVID-19 in Uganda
DBID C6C
AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7QL
7QP
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
7T5
7T7
7TM
7TO
7X7
7XB
88E
8AO
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AEUYN
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
C1K
CCPQU
COVID
DWQXO
FR3
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
H94
HCIFZ
K9.
LK8
M0S
M1P
M7P
P5Z
P62
P64
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
SOI
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1038/s41467-024-45204-3
DatabaseName Springer Nature OA Free Journals
CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
Chemoreception Abstracts
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Environment Abstracts
Immunology Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Natural Science Journals
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest One Sustainability (subscription)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Biological Science Collection (subscription)
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
Natural Science Collection
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central
Engineering Research Database
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Biological Sciences
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Medical Database
Biological Science Database
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Genetics Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Central Student
Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
Nucleic Acids Abstracts
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Sustainability
Health Research Premium Collection
Natural Science Collection
Health & Medical Research Collection
Biological Science Collection
Chemoreception Abstracts
Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Biological Science Collection
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Hospital Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Biological Science Database
Ecology Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Natural Science Collection
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Genetics Abstracts
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
ProQuest Medical Library
Immunology Abstracts
Environment Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef


MEDLINE - Academic

Publicly Available Content Database
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals [open access]
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Biology
EISSN 2041-1723
EndPage 18
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_c5c2b618febd4e07961ead14968d8bcc
PMC10874401
38368384
10_1038_s41467_024_45204_3
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations Uganda
Africa
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Uganda
– name: Africa
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: Burroughs Wellcome Fund (BWF)
  grantid: N/A
  funderid: 100000861
– fundername: U.S. Department of Health Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)
  grantid: UL1TR001873
  funderid: 100006108
– fundername: U.S. Department of Health Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
  grantid: K23AI163364
  funderid: 100000060
– fundername: U.S. Department of Health Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
  grantid: R21AI171249
  funderid: 100000060
– fundername: NIAID NIH HHS
  grantid: R21 AI171249
– fundername: NCATS NIH HHS
  grantid: UL1 TR001873
– fundername: FIC NIH HHS
  grantid: D43 TW009607
– fundername: NIAID NIH HHS
  grantid: K23 AI163364
– fundername: Medical Research Council
  grantid: MC_UU_00033/1
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
39C
3V.
53G
5VS
70F
7X7
88E
8AO
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
AAHBH
AAJSJ
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIWK
ACMJI
ACPRK
ACSMW
ADBBV
ADFRT
ADMLS
ADRAZ
AENEX
AEUYN
AFKRA
AFRAH
AHMBA
AJTQC
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMTXH
AOIJS
ARAPS
ASPBG
AVWKF
AZFZN
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
DIK
EBLON
EBS
EE.
EMOBN
F5P
FEDTE
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HVGLF
HYE
HZ~
KQ8
LGEZI
LK8
LOTEE
M1P
M48
M7P
M~E
NADUK
NAO
NXXTH
O9-
OK1
P2P
P62
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RNS
RNT
RNTTT
RPM
SNYQT
SV3
TSG
UKHRP
AASML
AAYXX
AFFHD
CITATION
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQGLB
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
7QL
7QP
7QR
7SN
7SS
7ST
7T5
7T7
7TM
7TO
7XB
8FD
8FK
AZQEC
C1K
COVID
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
H94
K9.
P64
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
RC3
SOI
7X8
PUEGO
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c541t-cd08a8b8a8a0f5b77794eb33bb1a44288c9660be82156bd042495c5a6964ad643
IEDL.DBID M7P
ISICitedReferencesCount 1
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001163800700008&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2041-1723
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:52:58 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 04 02:05:48 EST 2025
Thu Sep 04 17:43:49 EDT 2025
Tue Oct 07 07:25:06 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:52:43 EDT 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:00:45 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 03:29:50 EST 2025
Fri Feb 21 02:37:35 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License 2024. The Author(s).
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c541t-cd08a8b8a8a0f5b77794eb33bb1a44288c9660be82156bd042495c5a6964ad643
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-8768-9386
0000-0001-6593-8727
0000-0003-2512-8425
0000-0003-2906-0966
0000-0002-3558-9084
0000-0001-9478-9062
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2927882135?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PMID 38368384
PQID 2927882135
PQPubID 546298
PageCount 18
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_c5c2b618febd4e07961ead14968d8bcc
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10874401
proquest_miscellaneous_2928242533
proquest_journals_2927882135
pubmed_primary_38368384
crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_s41467_024_45204_3
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_45204_3
springer_journals_10_1038_s41467_024_45204_3
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-02-17
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-02-17
PublicationDate_xml – month: 02
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-02-17
  day: 17
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
– name: England
PublicationTitle Nature communications
PublicationTitleAbbrev Nat Commun
PublicationTitleAlternate Nat Commun
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Publisher_xml – name: Nature Publishing Group UK
– name: Nature Publishing Group
– name: Nature Portfolio
References Bolger, Lohse, Usadel (CR63) 2014; 30
Bbosa (CR18) 2022; 28
Krämer (CR35) 2021; 54
Twohig (CR58) 2022; 22
Barata, Durum, Seddon (CR40) 2019; 20
Jackson, Farzan, Chen, Choe (CR24) 2022; 23
Lambrou (CR60) 2022; 71
Fruchterman, Reingold (CR65) 1991; 21
Mudd (CR31) 2020; 6
Zali (CR57) 2022; 12
Björkström, Strunz, Ljunggren (CR43) 2022; 22
Laforge (CR21) 2020; 20
Sterne (CR5) 2020; 324
Takahashi (CR61) 2020; 588
McGroder (CR30) 2021; 76
Moss (CR36) 2022; 23
CR4
Wieczfinska, Kleniewska, Pawliczak (CR44) 2022; 2022
Gray, Navaratnam, Day, Wendon, Briggs (CR3) 2022; 77
Sterlin (CR27) 2021; 13
Morton, Stolbrink, Kagima, Rylance, Mortimer (CR37) 2018; 15
Selvaraj (CR7) 2022; 49
Msemburi (CR1) 2023; 613
Biccard (CR14) 2021; 397
Desai (CR9) 2020; 11
Shankar-Hari (CR6) 2021; 326
Liu (CR29) 2014; 10
Thoms (CR50) 2020; 369
CR46
Brotherton (CR38) 2020; 8
Finkel (CR23) 2021; 594
Ao, Ouyang, Olukitibi, Yao (CR25) 2022; 25
Morton (CR53) 2021; 12
Ward (CR56) 2022; 378
Dobin (CR64) 2013; 29
Tessema, Nkengasong (CR16) 2021; 21
Kellner (CR22) 2017; 967
Gong (CR28) 2021; 6
Komaravelli, Casola (CR45) 2014; 5
Mackall, Fry, Gress (CR39) 2011; 11
Barh (CR26) 2023; 46
Laterre (CR42) 2020; 3
Wendisch (CR59) 2021; 184
CR17
Subramanian (CR67) 2005; 102
Mathew (CR10) 2020; 369
Laracy (CR54) 2021; 8
CR11
Patel (CR55) 2021; 86
Newman (CR69) 2019; 37
Gill (CR13) 2022; 12
du Bruyn (CR52) 2023; 14
Foo, Bellot, Pervaiz, Alonso (CR47) 2022; 30
Liberzon (CR68) 2015; 1
Montiel (CR48) 2022; 77
Yeates (CR2) 2021; 16
Kuri-Cervantes (CR33) 2020; 5
Tessema (CR12) 2021; 6
Bakamutumaho (CR15) 2022; 19
Mohr, Sonenberg (CR51) 2012; 12
Merad, Blish, Sallusto, Iwasaki (CR8) 2022; 375
Pavlopoulos (CR66) 2011; 4
CR20
Liu (CR34) 2021; 184
CR62
Schulte-Schrepping (CR32) 2020; 182
Upadhyay, Fu (CR41) 2013; 13
Fisher (CR49) 2022; 39
Bugembe (CR19) 2021; 6
JAC Sterne (45204_CR5) 2020; 324
NK Björkström (45204_CR43) 2022; 22
N Komaravelli (45204_CR45) 2014; 5
T Fisher (45204_CR49) 2022; 39
45204_CR20
45204_CR62
AM Newman (45204_CR69) 2019; 37
V Upadhyay (45204_CR41) 2013; 13
B Morton (45204_CR37) 2018; 15
45204_CR4
SK Tessema (45204_CR16) 2021; 21
D Barh (45204_CR26) 2023; 46
CJ Gill (45204_CR13) 2022; 12
A Subramanian (45204_CR67) 2005; 102
Z Ao (45204_CR25) 2022; 25
M Merad (45204_CR8) 2022; 375
Y Finkel (45204_CR23) 2021; 594
A Zali (45204_CR57) 2022; 12
Y Gong (45204_CR28) 2021; 6
J Schulte-Schrepping (45204_CR32) 2020; 182
J Laracy (45204_CR54) 2021; 8
TM Fruchterman (45204_CR65) 1991; 21
CB Jackson (45204_CR24) 2022; 23
M Thoms (45204_CR50) 2020; 369
W Msemburi (45204_CR1) 2023; 613
V Selvaraj (45204_CR7) 2022; 49
D Mathew (45204_CR10) 2020; 369
H Brotherton (45204_CR38) 2020; 8
AS Lambrou (45204_CR60) 2022; 71
JT Barata (45204_CR40) 2019; 20
D Wendisch (45204_CR59) 2021; 184
EO Yeates (45204_CR2) 2021; 16
DL Bugembe (45204_CR19) 2021; 6
B Morton (45204_CR53) 2021; 12
PF Laterre (45204_CR42) 2020; 3
45204_CR46
IL Ward (45204_CR56) 2022; 378
A Dobin (45204_CR64) 2013; 29
FD Liu (45204_CR29) 2014; 10
GA Pavlopoulos (45204_CR66) 2011; 4
E du Bruyn (45204_CR52) 2023; 14
CL Mackall (45204_CR39) 2011; 11
V Montiel (45204_CR48) 2022; 77
VV Patel (45204_CR55) 2021; 86
M Shankar-Hari (45204_CR6) 2021; 326
KA Twohig (45204_CR58) 2022; 22
N Desai (45204_CR9) 2020; 11
BM Biccard (45204_CR14) 2021; 397
D Sterlin (45204_CR27) 2021; 13
M Kellner (45204_CR22) 2017; 967
P Moss (45204_CR36) 2022; 23
PA Mudd (45204_CR31) 2020; 6
AM Bolger (45204_CR63) 2014; 30
GA Tessema (45204_CR12) 2021; 6
N Bbosa (45204_CR18) 2022; 28
45204_CR11
CF McGroder (45204_CR30) 2021; 76
45204_CR17
J Foo (45204_CR47) 2022; 30
A Liberzon (45204_CR68) 2015; 1
L Kuri-Cervantes (45204_CR33) 2020; 5
WK Gray (45204_CR3) 2022; 77
I Mohr (45204_CR51) 2012; 12
C Liu (45204_CR34) 2021; 184
T Takahashi (45204_CR61) 2020; 588
M Laforge (45204_CR21) 2020; 20
J Wieczfinska (45204_CR44) 2022; 2022
B Bakamutumaho (45204_CR15) 2022; 19
B Krämer (45204_CR35) 2021; 54
References_xml – volume: 5
  start-page: 1000141
  year: 2014
  ident: CR45
  article-title: Respiratory viral infections and subversion of cellular antioxidant defenses
  publication-title: J. Pharmacogenom. Pharmacoproteom.
– volume: 12
  start-page: 470
  year: 2012
  end-page: 483
  ident: CR51
  article-title: Host translation at the nexus of infection and immunity
  publication-title: Cell Host Microbe.
  doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.09.006
– volume: 37
  start-page: 773
  year: 2019
  end-page: 782
  ident: CR69
  article-title: Determining cell type abundance and expression from bulk tissues with digital cytometry
  publication-title: Nat. Biotechnol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41587-019-0114-2
– volume: 397
  start-page: 1885
  year: 2021
  end-page: 1894
  ident: CR14
  article-title: Patient care and clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to African high-care or intensive care units (ACCCOS): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00441-4
– volume: 594
  start-page: 240
  year: 2021
  end-page: 245
  ident: CR23
  article-title: SARS-CoV-2 uses a multipronged strategy to impede host protein synthesis
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03610-3
– volume: 20
  start-page: 515
  year: 2020
  end-page: 516
  ident: CR21
  article-title: Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1
– volume: 967
  start-page: 105
  year: 2017
  end-page: 137
  ident: CR22
  article-title: ROS signaling in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  publication-title: Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_8
– volume: 76
  start-page: 1242
  year: 2021
  end-page: 1245
  ident: CR30
  article-title: Pulmonary fibrosis 4 months after COVID-19 is associated with severity of illness and blood leucocyte telomere length
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217031
– volume: 8
  start-page: ofab029
  year: 2021
  ident: CR54
  article-title: HIV-1 Infection does not change disease course or inflammatory pattern of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients presenting at a large urban medical center in New York City
  publication-title: Open Forum Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab029
– volume: 22
  start-page: 35
  year: 2022
  end-page: 42
  ident: CR58
  article-title: Hospital admission and emergency care attendance risk for SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) compared with alpha (B.1.1.7) variants of concern: a cohort study
  publication-title: Lancet Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00475-8
– volume: 6
  start-page: e007179
  year: 2021
  ident: CR12
  article-title: The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare systems in Africa: a scoping review of preparedness, impact and response
  publication-title: BMJ Glob. Health
  doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007179
– ident: CR4
– volume: 14
  year: 2023
  ident: CR52
  article-title: Effects of tuberculosis and/or HIV-1 infection on COVID-19 presentation and immune response in Africa
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35689-1
– volume: 4
  year: 2011
  ident: CR66
  article-title: Using graph theory to analyze biological networks
  publication-title: BioData Min.
  doi: 10.1186/1756-0381-4-10
– volume: 10
  start-page: e1004110
  year: 2014
  ident: CR29
  article-title: Timed action of IL-27 protects from immunopathology while preserving defense in influenza
  publication-title: PLoS Pathog.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004110
– volume: 8
  start-page: e1125
  year: 2020
  end-page: e1126
  ident: CR38
  article-title: Dexamethasone for COVID-19: data needed from randomised clinical trials in Africa
  publication-title: Lancet Glob. Health.
  doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30318-1
– volume: 21
  start-page: 469
  year: 2021
  end-page: 470
  ident: CR16
  article-title: Understanding COVID-19 in Africa
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00579-y
– volume: 77
  start-page: 1113
  year: 2022
  end-page: 1120
  ident: CR3
  article-title: COVID-19 hospital activity and in-hospital mortality during the first and second waves of the pandemic in England: an observational study
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218025
– volume: 184
  start-page: 1836
  year: 2021
  end-page: 1857
  ident: CR34
  article-title: Time-resolved systems immunology reveals a late juncture linked to fatal COVID-19
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.018
– volume: 588
  start-page: 315
  year: 2020
  end-page: 320
  ident: CR61
  article-title: Self-reported sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3
– volume: 77
  start-page: 103893
  year: 2022
  ident: CR48
  article-title: Oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and decreased vascular nitric oxide in COVID-19 patients
  publication-title: EBioMedicine
  doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103893
– volume: 11
  start-page: 330
  year: 2011
  end-page: 342
  ident: CR39
  article-title: Harnessing the biology of IL-7 for therapeutic application
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/nri2970
– ident: CR46
– volume: 369
  start-page: eabc8511
  year: 2020
  ident: CR10
  article-title: Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.abc8511
– volume: 3
  start-page: e2016485
  year: 2020
  ident: CR42
  article-title: Association of interleukin 7 immunotherapy with lymphocyte counts among patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
  publication-title: JAMA Netw. Open
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16485
– volume: 39
  start-page: 110954
  year: 2022
  ident: CR49
  article-title: Parsing the role of NSP1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110954
– volume: 326
  start-page: 499
  year: 2021
  end-page: 518
  ident: CR6
  article-title: Association between administration of IL-6 antagonists and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a meta-analysis
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.11330
– volume: 184
  start-page: 6243
  year: 2021
  end-page: 6261.e27
  ident: CR59
  article-title: SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers profibrotic macrophage responses and lung fibrosis
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.033
– volume: 86
  start-page: 224
  year: 2021
  end-page: 230
  ident: CR55
  article-title: Clinical outcomes and inflammatory markers by HIV serostatus and viral suppression in a large cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19
  publication-title: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.
  doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002578
– volume: 12
  year: 2021
  ident: CR53
  article-title: Distinct clinical and immunological profiles of patients with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23267-w
– ident: CR11
– volume: 11
  year: 2020
  ident: CR9
  article-title: Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of host response to SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20139-7
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1094
  year: 2021
  end-page: 1101
  ident: CR19
  article-title: Emergence and spread of a SARS-CoV-2 lineage A variant (A.23.1) with altered spike protein in Uganda
  publication-title: Nat. Microbiol
  doi: 10.1038/s41564-021-00933-9
– volume: 182
  start-page: 1419
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1440.e23
  ident: CR32
  article-title: Severe COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001
– volume: 12
  start-page: e066763
  year: 2022
  ident: CR13
  article-title: What is the prevalence of COVID-19 detection by PCR among deceased individuals in Lusaka, Zambia? A postmortem surveillance study
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066763
– volume: 375
  start-page: 1122
  year: 2022
  end-page: 1127
  ident: CR8
  article-title: The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.abm8108
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1584
  year: 2019
  end-page: 1593
  ident: CR40
  article-title: Flip the coin: IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41590-019-0479-x
– volume: 13
  start-page: 270
  year: 2013
  end-page: 279
  ident: CR41
  article-title: Lymphotoxin signaling in immune homeostasis and the control of microorganisms
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/nri3406
– volume: 16
  start-page: e0253767
  year: 2021
  ident: CR2
  article-title: Improved outcomes over time for adult COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute respiratory failure
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253767
– volume: 54
  start-page: 2650
  year: 2021
  end-page: 2669
  ident: CR35
  article-title: Early IFN-α signatures and persistent dysfunction are distinguishing features of NK cells in severe COVID-19
  publication-title: Immunity
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.002
– volume: 23
  start-page: 186
  year: 2022
  end-page: 193
  ident: CR36
  article-title: The T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01122-w
– volume: 102
  start-page: 15545
  year: 2005
  end-page: 15550
  ident: CR67
  article-title: Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0506580102
– volume: 5
  start-page: eabd7114
  year: 2020
  ident: CR33
  article-title: Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19
  publication-title: Sci. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd7114
– volume: 30
  start-page: 2114
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2120
  ident: CR63
  article-title: Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170
– volume: 1
  start-page: 417
  year: 2015
  end-page: 425
  ident: CR68
  article-title: The Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection
  publication-title: Cell Syst.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cels.2015.12.004
– volume: 13
  start-page: eabd2223
  year: 2021
  ident: CR27
  article-title: IgA dominates the early neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2
  publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med.
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd2223
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1129
  year: 1991
  end-page: 1164
  ident: CR65
  article-title: Graph drawing by force-directed placement
  publication-title: Softw. Pract. Exp.
  doi: 10.1002/spe.4380211102
– volume: 378
  start-page: e070695
  year: 2022
  ident: CR56
  article-title: Risk of covid-19 related deaths for SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) compared with delta (B.1.617.2): retrospective cohort study
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070695
– volume: 324
  start-page: 1330
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1341
  ident: CR5
  article-title: Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17023
– volume: 6
  start-page: eabe3024
  year: 2020
  ident: CR31
  article-title: Distinct inflammatory profiles distinguish COVID-19 from influenza with limited contributions from cytokine storm
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
  doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3024
– volume: 71
  start-page: 206
  year: 2022
  end-page: 211
  ident: CR60
  article-title: Genomic surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 variants: predominance of the Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants —United States, June 2021–January 2022
  publication-title: Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.
  doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7106a4
– volume: 19
  start-page: 2100
  year: 2022
  end-page: 2103
  ident: CR15
  article-title: Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and mortality of hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 in Uganda, 2020–2021
  publication-title: Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc.
  doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202203-244RL
– volume: 29
  start-page: 15
  year: 2013
  end-page: 21
  ident: CR64
  article-title: STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635
– volume: 46
  start-page: 297
  year: 2023
  end-page: 312
  ident: CR26
  article-title: SARS-CoV-2 variants show a gradual declining pathogenicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation, an increasing antigenic and anti-inflammatory cytokine induction, and rising structural protein instability: a minimal number genome-based approach
  publication-title: Inflammation
  doi: 10.1007/s10753-022-01734-w
– volume: 369
  start-page: 1249
  year: 2020
  end-page: 1255
  ident: CR50
  article-title: Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.abc8665
– volume: 30
  start-page: 679
  year: 2022
  end-page: 692
  ident: CR47
  article-title: Mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress during viral infection
  publication-title: Trends Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.011
– volume: 22
  start-page: 112
  year: 2022
  end-page: 123
  ident: CR43
  article-title: Natural killer cells in antiviral immunity
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00558-3
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1021
  year: 2022
  end-page: 1025
  ident: CR18
  article-title: Rapid replacement of SARS-CoV-2 variants by delta and subsequent arrival of Omicron, Uganda, 2021
  publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.3201/eid2805.220121
– volume: 6
  start-page: 396
  year: 2021
  ident: CR28
  article-title: The glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 and its receptor ACE2
  publication-title: Sig. Transduct. Target. Ther.
  doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00809-8
– volume: 15
  start-page: 2017
  year: 2018
  ident: CR37
  article-title: The early recognition and management of sepsis in sub-Saharan African adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.
  doi: 10.3390/ijerph15092017
– volume: 12
  year: 2022
  ident: CR57
  article-title: Mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients during surges of SARS-CoV-2 alpha (B.1.1.7) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23312-8
– volume: 2022
  start-page: 5589089
  year: 2022
  ident: CR44
  article-title: Oxidative stress-related mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 infections
  publication-title: Oxid. Med. Cell Longev.
  doi: 10.1155/2022/5589089
– ident: CR17
– volume: 23
  start-page: 3
  year: 2022
  end-page: 20
  ident: CR24
  article-title: Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00418-x
– volume: 49
  start-page: 101489
  year: 2022
  ident: CR7
  article-title: Baricitinib in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
  publication-title: EClinicalMedicine
  doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101489
– volume: 25
  start-page: 104759
  year: 2022
  ident: CR25
  article-title: SARS-CoV-2 Delta spike protein enhances the viral fusogenicity and inflammatory cytokine production
  publication-title: iScience
  doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104759
– volume: 613
  start-page: 130
  year: 2023
  end-page: 137
  ident: CR1
  article-title: The WHO estimates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2
– ident: CR62
– ident: CR20
– ident: 45204_CR46
  doi: 10.1101/2021.06.21.449284
– volume: 21
  start-page: 469
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR16
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00579-y
– volume: 30
  start-page: 2114
  year: 2014
  ident: 45204_CR63
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170
– volume: 613
  start-page: 130
  year: 2023
  ident: 45204_CR1
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05522-2
– volume: 369
  start-page: eabc8511
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR10
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.abc8511
– volume: 5
  start-page: 1000141
  year: 2014
  ident: 45204_CR45
  publication-title: J. Pharmacogenom. Pharmacoproteom.
– volume: 30
  start-page: 679
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR47
  publication-title: Trends Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.12.011
– volume: 23
  start-page: 3
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR24
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41580-021-00418-x
– volume: 5
  start-page: eabd7114
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR33
  publication-title: Sci. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd7114
– volume: 77
  start-page: 1113
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR3
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-218025
– volume: 12
  start-page: e066763
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR13
  publication-title: BMJ Open
  doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066763
– volume: 102
  start-page: 15545
  year: 2005
  ident: 45204_CR67
  publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0506580102
– volume: 14
  year: 2023
  ident: 45204_CR52
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35689-1
– volume: 29
  start-page: 15
  year: 2013
  ident: 45204_CR64
  publication-title: Bioinformatics
  doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635
– volume: 375
  start-page: 1122
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR8
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.abm8108
– ident: 45204_CR20
– volume: 369
  start-page: 1249
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR50
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.abc8665
– volume: 12
  start-page: 470
  year: 2012
  ident: 45204_CR51
  publication-title: Cell Host Microbe.
  doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.09.006
– volume: 22
  start-page: 35
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR58
  publication-title: Lancet Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00475-8
– ident: 45204_CR62
– volume: 6
  start-page: 1094
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR19
  publication-title: Nat. Microbiol
  doi: 10.1038/s41564-021-00933-9
– volume: 49
  start-page: 101489
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR7
  publication-title: EClinicalMedicine
  doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101489
– volume: 13
  start-page: eabd2223
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR27
  publication-title: Sci. Transl. Med.
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd2223
– ident: 45204_CR4
– volume: 10
  start-page: e1004110
  year: 2014
  ident: 45204_CR29
  publication-title: PLoS Pathog.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004110
– volume: 326
  start-page: 499
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR6
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.11330
– volume: 3
  start-page: e2016485
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR42
  publication-title: JAMA Netw. Open
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.16485
– volume: 967
  start-page: 105
  year: 2017
  ident: 45204_CR22
  publication-title: Adv. Exp. Med. Biol.
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_8
– volume: 12
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR53
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23267-w
– volume: 46
  start-page: 297
  year: 2023
  ident: 45204_CR26
  publication-title: Inflammation
  doi: 10.1007/s10753-022-01734-w
– ident: 45204_CR11
– volume: 71
  start-page: 206
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR60
  publication-title: Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.
  doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7106a4
– volume: 6
  start-page: 396
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR28
  publication-title: Sig. Transduct. Target. Ther.
  doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00809-8
– volume: 324
  start-page: 1330
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR5
  publication-title: JAMA
  doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17023
– volume: 54
  start-page: 2650
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR35
  publication-title: Immunity
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.002
– volume: 37
  start-page: 773
  year: 2019
  ident: 45204_CR69
  publication-title: Nat. Biotechnol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41587-019-0114-2
– volume: 39
  start-page: 110954
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR49
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110954
– volume: 12
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR57
  publication-title: Sci. Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-23312-8
– volume: 2022
  start-page: 5589089
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR44
  publication-title: Oxid. Med. Cell Longev.
  doi: 10.1155/2022/5589089
– volume: 184
  start-page: 6243
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR59
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.033
– volume: 378
  start-page: e070695
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR56
  publication-title: BMJ
  doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070695
– volume: 6
  start-page: e007179
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR12
  publication-title: BMJ Glob. Health
  doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007179
– volume: 8
  start-page: ofab029
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR54
  publication-title: Open Forum Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab029
– volume: 11
  start-page: 330
  year: 2011
  ident: 45204_CR39
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/nri2970
– volume: 20
  start-page: 1584
  year: 2019
  ident: 45204_CR40
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41590-019-0479-x
– volume: 11
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR9
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20139-7
– volume: 8
  start-page: e1125
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR38
  publication-title: Lancet Glob. Health.
  doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30318-1
– volume: 86
  start-page: 224
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR55
  publication-title: J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.
  doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002578
– volume: 184
  start-page: 1836
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR34
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.018
– volume: 4
  year: 2011
  ident: 45204_CR66
  publication-title: BioData Min.
  doi: 10.1186/1756-0381-4-10
– volume: 20
  start-page: 515
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR21
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0407-1
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1021
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR18
  publication-title: Emerg. Infect. Dis.
  doi: 10.3201/eid2805.220121
– volume: 76
  start-page: 1242
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR30
  publication-title: Thorax
  doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217031
– volume: 6
  start-page: eabe3024
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR31
  publication-title: Sci. Adv.
  doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3024
– volume: 77
  start-page: 103893
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR48
  publication-title: EBioMedicine
  doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103893
– volume: 21
  start-page: 1129
  year: 1991
  ident: 45204_CR65
  publication-title: Softw. Pract. Exp.
  doi: 10.1002/spe.4380211102
– volume: 15
  start-page: 2017
  year: 2018
  ident: 45204_CR37
  publication-title: Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.
  doi: 10.3390/ijerph15092017
– volume: 588
  start-page: 315
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR61
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2700-3
– volume: 594
  start-page: 240
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR23
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03610-3
– volume: 397
  start-page: 1885
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR14
  publication-title: Lancet
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00441-4
– volume: 19
  start-page: 2100
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR15
  publication-title: Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc.
  doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202203-244RL
– ident: 45204_CR17
– volume: 182
  start-page: 1419
  year: 2020
  ident: 45204_CR32
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.001
– volume: 25
  start-page: 104759
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR25
  publication-title: iScience
  doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104759
– volume: 23
  start-page: 186
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR36
  publication-title: Nat. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01122-w
– volume: 13
  start-page: 270
  year: 2013
  ident: 45204_CR41
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/nri3406
– volume: 1
  start-page: 417
  year: 2015
  ident: 45204_CR68
  publication-title: Cell Syst.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cels.2015.12.004
– volume: 16
  start-page: e0253767
  year: 2021
  ident: 45204_CR2
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253767
– volume: 22
  start-page: 112
  year: 2022
  ident: 45204_CR43
  publication-title: Nat. Rev. Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/s41577-021-00558-3
SSID ssj0000391844
Score 2.4432995
Snippet Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in the world...
Abstract Little is known about the pathobiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in sub-Saharan Africa, where severe COVID-19 fatality rates are among the highest in...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 1475
SubjectTerms 631/250/2502
631/250/2520
631/250/254
631/250/255/2514
692/420/254
Adult
Adults
CD8 antigen
Cell activation
Coinfection - epidemiology
COVID-19
Fibrosis
Growth factors
HIV
HIV Infections - complications
HIV Infections - epidemiology
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immunology
Immunopathology
Immunotherapy
Infections
Inflammasomes
Inflammation
Lung diseases
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Lymphopenia
Lymphotoxin
multidisciplinary
Pandemics
Peripheral blood
Platelet-derived growth factor
Prospective Studies
Protein biosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Proteomes
Respiratory tract infection
SARS-CoV-2
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Transcriptomes
Tumor necrosis factor-β
Uganda - epidemiology
Viral diseases
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrR1Nb9UwLEITSFwQG1-FgYLEDaIlzWePYzBtl8GBTTsRNWm6VRp9T-sb0v49dtr32IMBFw7tIXEl1x9xHDs2IW9Mw3mto2StTZopwy0LvK0w7a81TatiE0JuNmGPjtzpafX5RqsvzAkbywOPhNuJOpbBCNem0KjEbWUE_Dzs641rXIgRV18YveFM5TVYVuC6qOmWDJduZ1B5TQCTxJQuMRywZolywf7bdpm_J0v-EjHNhmj_IXkw7SDp7oj5JrmT-i1yb-wpef2IfN37dHL4gYmKdnj1I1HM0MjVOwfa9fT4DI8O6ByPyYYFjhwcntA4Y8usrJ4CAG0wXeMs0XBN53jM_K2LdH4OFu8xOd7_-GXvgE1NFFjUSixYbLirXYCn5q0O1oICggMtQxC1At_DRazPGZID229Cg5HQSkddm8qouoH9yhOy0c_69IxQa6UWxtVVikbBK6RkgQWO69Sa4GJBxJKgPk4VxrHRxYXPkW7p_MgED0zwmQleFuTt6pv5WF_jr9DvkU8rSKyNnQdAYvwkMf5fElOQ7SWX_aSwgy-r0oKzIaQuyOvVNKgaxk_qPs2uMoxDD00CHk9HoVhhAo6-cdKpgrg1cVlDdX2m785zOW_BsQUBFwV5t5Ssn3j9mRbP_wctXpD7JaoEdrix22RjcXmVXpK78fuiGy5fZZ36AZwtI9U
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title COVID-19 immune signatures in Uganda persist in HIV co-infection and diverge by pandemic phase
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-024-45204-3
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38368384
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2927882135
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2928242533
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10874401
https://doaj.org/article/c5c2b618febd4e07961ead14968d8bcc
Volume 15
WOSCitedRecordID wos001163800700008&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ : Directory of Open Access Journals [open access]
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20150101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: P5Z
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central (New) (NC LIVE)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Health & Medical Collection (NC LIVE)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: 7X7
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2041-1723
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000391844
  issn: 2041-1723
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20100101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELZoCxIX3oVAWRmJG0R14mdOiJZW3QNLhGi1cCCKHWcbCbJhs0Xqv8fjPKrl0QuH-BBPpHHGY3se_gahl6IgJOeGhqW0PGSCyFCTMoG0v1IUJTOF1r7YhJzN1HyepL3Dre3TKoc10S_UxdKAj3w_TmJnrcUR5W-aHyFUjYLoal9CYwvtAEpC7FP30tHHAujnirH-rgyhar9lfmVwG1PIeAxBgY39yMP2_-2s-WfK5G9xU78dHd_934HcQ3f6gyh-282c--iGrR-gW11pysuH6Ovhh7PpuzBKcAU3SCyGRA8PAtriqsanC_BA4Aa8be0a3pxMz7BZhkNyV40dAS4g62Nhsb7EDXirv1cGN-du43yETo-PPh2ehH0thtBwFq1DUxCVK-2enJRcS-n02NnhVOsoZ86EUQZgPrV1A-NCFxBQTbjhuUgEywt37NlF2_Wytk8QlpLySKg8sUYw12hrpdJGEW5LoZUJUDRIJDM9UDnUy_iW-YA5VVknxcxJMfNSzGiAXo3fNB1Mx7XUByDokRIgtv2L5WqR9RqbGW5iLSJVWl0wS2QiIqd1zqAUqnDsOjb3Bvlmvd632ZVwA_Ri7HYaC2GYvLbLC0-jwNCjjo_H3awaOaGKCkUVC5DamG8brG721NW5RwWPCFQyIFGAXg9T84qvf_-Lp9cP4xm6HYO2QAkcuYe216sL-xzdND_XVbuaoC05l75VE7RzcDRLP068V2PiFdG1Kf_ietLp-_TzL_EBN74
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VFAQX3o9AgUWCE1i1vQ-vDwhBS5WobcihrcqFxbtep5HACXEKyp_iN7KztlOFR289cEgO9joZ29_M7jx2PoDnIg_DjBsaFInlARNhEuiwSLHsrxB5wUyutSebSAYDeXycDtfgZ7sXBssqW5voDXU-MRgj34zT2HlrcUT5m-m3AFmjMLvaUmjUsNi1ix_OZate97fd-30RxzvvD7Z6QcMqEBjOonlg8lBmUrtPFhZcJ4lDpPMoqdZRxtxiXBpsWKmt-y8udI6pwZQbnolUsCx3E7j73UuwzhDsHVgf9veHH5dRHey3LhlrdueEVG5WzNsiNxUGjMeYhliZAT1RwN9Wt38Waf6WqfUT4M6N_-3R3YTrzVKbvK114xas2fI2XKnJNxd34NPWh6P-dhClZIx7ZCzBUhbf5rQi45IcjjDGQqYYT6zmeKTXPyJmErTlayVxA0iOdS0jS_SCTDEe_3VsyPTELQ3uwuGF3Nw96JST0j4AkiSUR0JmqTWCuS9tbSK1kSG3hdDSdCFqEaBM04odGUG-KF8SQKWqUaMcapRHjaJdeLm8Zlo3Ijl39DsE1nIkNhH3ByazkWpskjLcxFpEsrA6ZzZMUhE5u-JcZiFzJ64Tc6PFk2osW6XOwNSFZ8vTziZhoikr7eTUj5HoylInx_0axUtJqKRCUsm6IFfwvSLq6plyfOL7nkchcjWEURdetapwJte_n8XD82_jKVztHezvqb3-YPcRXItRU5HwJ9mAznx2ah_DZfN9Pq5mTxplJ_D5opXkF_fijbs
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEF6V8hAX3pRAgUWCE1hZex9eHxCChqhRUciBVlUPGO96nUYqTohTUP4av46ZtZ0qPHrrgUNysNfJ2P5mdmfm2xlCnqucsUxaHhSxk4FQLA4MKxKk_RUqL4TNjfHNJuLhUB8eJqMN8rPdC4O0ytYmekOdTy3GyLtREoG3FoVcdouGFjHq9d_MvgXYQQozrW07jRoie275A9y36vWgB-_6RRT133_a2Q2aDgOBlSJcBDZnOtMGPhkrpIljQCd4l9yYMBOwMNcWi1caB_8rlckxTZhIKzOVKJHlMJnD714il2PwMZFOOJJHq_gOVl7XQjT7dBjX3Up4qwSTYiBkhAmJtbnQtwz42zr3T7rmbzlbPxX2b_7PD_EWudEswOnbWmNukw1X3iFX65acy7vk887Hg0EvCBM6wZ0zjiLBxRc_reikpPtjjLzQGUYZqwUe2R0cUDsNWlJbSWEAzZHtMnbULOkMo_RfJ5bOjmHBcI_sX8jN3Seb5bR0DwiNYy5DpbPEWSXgyzgXa2M1k65QRtsOCVs0pLYp0I59Qk5STxTgOq0RlAKCUo-glHfIy9U1s7o8ybmj3yHIViOxtLg_MJ2P08ZSpVbayKhQF87kwrE4USFYG3Cklc5BXBBzu8VW2ti7Kj0DVoc8W50GS4Xpp6x001M_RqODy0GOrRrRK0m45kpzLTpEr2F9TdT1M-Xk2FdDDxl2cGBhh7xq1eJMrn8_i4fn38ZTcg00I_0wGO49ItcjVFrsAhRvk83F_NQ9Jlfs98Wkmj_xWk_Jl4vWkF-xSpUe
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=COVID-19+immune+signatures+in+Uganda+persist+in+HIV+co-infection+and+diverge+by+pandemic+phase&rft.jtitle=Nature+communications&rft.au=Cummings%2C+Matthew+J&rft.au=Bakamutumaho%2C+Barnabas&rft.au=Lutwama%2C+Julius+J&rft.au=Owor%2C+Nicholas&rft.date=2024-02-17&rft.pub=Nature+Publishing+Group&rft.eissn=2041-1723&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1475&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fs41467-024-45204-3&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2041-1723&client=summon