Cohort study of cardiovascular safety of different COVID-19 vaccination doses among 46 million adults in England
The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature communications Jg. 15; H. 1; S. 6085 - 12 |
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31.07.2024
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| Abstract | The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in England between December 2020 and January 2022, our study compared the incidence of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications up to 26 weeks after first, second and booster doses of brands and combinations of COVID-19 vaccines used during the UK vaccination program with the incidence before or without the corresponding vaccination. The incidence of common arterial thrombotic events (mainly acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) was generally lower after each vaccine dose, brand and combination. Similarly, the incidence of common venous thrombotic events, (mainly pulmonary embolism and lower limb deep venous thrombosis) was lower after vaccination. There was a higher incidence of previously reported rare harms after vaccination: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after first ChAdOx1 vaccination, and myocarditis and pericarditis after first, second and transiently after booster mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). These findings support the wide uptake of future COVID-19 vaccination programs.
COVID-19 vaccines have been associated with rare cardiovascular and thrombotic complications. Here, the authors use population-based longitudinal electronic health record data from ~46 million adults in England to quantify these outcomes following different vaccine doses and schedules. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in England between December 2020 and January 2022, our study compared the incidence of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications up to 26 weeks after first, second and booster doses of brands and combinations of COVID-19 vaccines used during the UK vaccination program with the incidence before or without the corresponding vaccination. The incidence of common arterial thrombotic events (mainly acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) was generally lower after each vaccine dose, brand and combination. Similarly, the incidence of common venous thrombotic events, (mainly pulmonary embolism and lower limb deep venous thrombosis) was lower after vaccination. There was a higher incidence of previously reported rare harms after vaccination: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after first ChAdOx1 vaccination, and myocarditis and pericarditis after first, second and transiently after booster mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). These findings support the wide uptake of future COVID-19 vaccination programs. The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in England between December 2020 and January 2022, our study compared the incidence of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications up to 26 weeks after first, second and booster doses of brands and combinations of COVID-19 vaccines used during the UK vaccination program with the incidence before or without the corresponding vaccination. The incidence of common arterial thrombotic events (mainly acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) was generally lower after each vaccine dose, brand and combination. Similarly, the incidence of common venous thrombotic events, (mainly pulmonary embolism and lower limb deep venous thrombosis) was lower after vaccination. There was a higher incidence of previously reported rare harms after vaccination: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after first ChAdOx1 vaccination, and myocarditis and pericarditis after first, second and transiently after booster mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). These findings support the wide uptake of future COVID-19 vaccination programs.COVID-19 vaccines have been associated with rare cardiovascular and thrombotic complications. Here, the authors use population-based longitudinal electronic health record data from ~46 million adults in England to quantify these outcomes following different vaccine doses and schedules. The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in England between December 2020 and January 2022, our study compared the incidence of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications up to 26 weeks after first, second and booster doses of brands and combinations of COVID-19 vaccines used during the UK vaccination program with the incidence before or without the corresponding vaccination. The incidence of common arterial thrombotic events (mainly acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) was generally lower after each vaccine dose, brand and combination. Similarly, the incidence of common venous thrombotic events, (mainly pulmonary embolism and lower limb deep venous thrombosis) was lower after vaccination. There was a higher incidence of previously reported rare harms after vaccination: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after first ChAdOx1 vaccination, and myocarditis and pericarditis after first, second and transiently after booster mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). These findings support the wide uptake of future COVID-19 vaccination programs. The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in England between December 2020 and January 2022, our study compared the incidence of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications up to 26 weeks after first, second and booster doses of brands and combinations of COVID-19 vaccines used during the UK vaccination program with the incidence before or without the corresponding vaccination. The incidence of common arterial thrombotic events (mainly acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) was generally lower after each vaccine dose, brand and combination. Similarly, the incidence of common venous thrombotic events, (mainly pulmonary embolism and lower limb deep venous thrombosis) was lower after vaccination. There was a higher incidence of previously reported rare harms after vaccination: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after first ChAdOx1 vaccination, and myocarditis and pericarditis after first, second and transiently after booster mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). These findings support the wide uptake of future COVID-19 vaccination programs. COVID-19 vaccines have been associated with rare cardiovascular and thrombotic complications. Here, the authors use population-based longitudinal electronic health record data from ~46 million adults in England to quantify these outcomes following different vaccine doses and schedules. The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in England between December 2020 and January 2022, our study compared the incidence of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications up to 26 weeks after first, second and booster doses of brands and combinations of COVID-19 vaccines used during the UK vaccination program with the incidence before or without the corresponding vaccination. The incidence of common arterial thrombotic events (mainly acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) was generally lower after each vaccine dose, brand and combination. Similarly, the incidence of common venous thrombotic events, (mainly pulmonary embolism and lower limb deep venous thrombosis) was lower after vaccination. There was a higher incidence of previously reported rare harms after vaccination: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after first ChAdOx1 vaccination, and myocarditis and pericarditis after first, second and transiently after booster mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). These findings support the wide uptake of future COVID-19 vaccination programs.The first dose of COVID-19 vaccines led to an overall reduction in cardiovascular events, and in rare cases, cardiovascular complications. There is less information about the effect of second and booster doses on cardiovascular diseases. Using longitudinal health records from 45.7 million adults in England between December 2020 and January 2022, our study compared the incidence of thrombotic and cardiovascular complications up to 26 weeks after first, second and booster doses of brands and combinations of COVID-19 vaccines used during the UK vaccination program with the incidence before or without the corresponding vaccination. The incidence of common arterial thrombotic events (mainly acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke) was generally lower after each vaccine dose, brand and combination. Similarly, the incidence of common venous thrombotic events, (mainly pulmonary embolism and lower limb deep venous thrombosis) was lower after vaccination. There was a higher incidence of previously reported rare harms after vaccination: vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after first ChAdOx1 vaccination, and myocarditis and pericarditis after first, second and transiently after booster mRNA vaccination (BNT-162b2 and mRNA-1273). These findings support the wide uptake of future COVID-19 vaccination programs. |
| ArticleNumber | 6085 |
| Author | Whiteley, William N. Khunti, Kamlesh Sterne, Jonathan A. C. Wood, Angela M. Walker, Venexia Torabi, Fatemeh Abbasizanjani, Hoda Horne, Elsie Ip, Samantha Akbari, Ashley Denholm, Rachel North, Teri-Louise Denaxas, Spiros Keene, Spencer Sudlow, Cathie Banerjee, Amitava Li, Yangfan |
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| References | WhiteleyWNAssociation of COVID-19 vaccines ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 with major venous, arterial, or thrombocytopenic events: A population-based cohort study of 46 million adults in EnglandPLOS Med.202219e10039261:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xmt1ersL8%3D10.1371/journal.pmed.1003926351925978863280 COVID-19 vaccination programme: FAQs on second doses. NHS England, https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/documents/covid-19-vaccination-programme-faqs-on-second-doses/ (2021). ModinDAcute COVID-19 and the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial InfarctionCirculation2020142208020821:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisVyju7rL10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050809330543497682795 KnightRAssociation of COVID-19 With Major Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Diseases: A Population-Wide Cohort Study of 48 Million Adults in England and WalesCirculation20221468929061:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisVSjsLnP10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060785361219079484653 VoyseyMSafety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UKLancet Lond. Engl.2021397991111:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisFCgt77I10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1 Thygesen, J. H. et al. COVID-19 trajectories among 57 million adults in England: a cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Digit Health4, e542–e557 (2022). Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20210215140119/https:/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/961287/Greenbook_chapter_14a_v7_12Feb2021.pdf (2021). WoodALinked electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort of more than 54 million people in England: data resourceBMJ2021373n82610.1136/bmj.n82633827854 Statement from the UK Chief Medical Officers on the prioritisation of first doses of COVID-19 vaccines. GOV.UKhttps://www.gov.uk/government/news/statement-from-the-uk-chief-medical-officers-on-the-prioritisation-of-first-doses-of-covid-19-vaccines (2020). Hippisley-CoxJRisk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series studyBMJ2021374n193110.1136/bmj.n193134446426 Watson, O. J. et al. Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis.22, 1293–1302 (2022). JCVI advises on COVID-19 vaccine for people aged under 40. GOV.UK,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-advises-on-covid-19-vaccine-for-people-aged-under-40 (2021). NishigaMWangDWHanYLewisDBWuJCCOVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectivesNat. Rev. Cardiol.2020175435581:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVaqtbzE10.1038/s41569-020-0413-9326909107370876 AndrewsNDuration of Protection against Mild and Severe Disease by Covid-19 VaccinesN. Engl. J. Med.20223863403501:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisFSksr8%3D10.1056/NEJMoa211548135021002 DavidsonJAAcute Cardiovascular Events After COVID-19 in England in 2020: A Self-Controlled Case Series StudyClin. Epidemiol.20231591192110.2147/CLEP.S4210623768119510481329 NHS booster bookings open to every eligible adult. NHS England, https://www.england.nhs.uk/2021/12/nhs-booster-bookings-open-to-every-eligible-adult/ (2021). 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Med.202127129012971:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXht1yhsLfJ10.1038/s41591-021-01408-4341087148282499 PatoneMRisks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infectionNat. Med.2022284104221:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXislCjsbnJ10.1038/s41591-021-01630-034907393 PritchardEImpact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United KingdomNat. Med.202127137013781:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXht1yhsLfI10.1038/s41591-021-01410-w341087168363500 Secure Data Environment service for England. NHS Digital, https://digital.nhs.uk/services/secure-data-environment-service (2024). R Knight (49634_CR14) 2022; 146 J Lopez Bernal (49634_CR20) 2021; 385 A Wood (49634_CR29) 2021; 373 M Voysey (49634_CR21) 2021; 397 J Hippisley-Cox (49634_CR25) 2021; 374 S Bilaloglu (49634_CR26) 2020; 324 WN Whiteley (49634_CR5) 2022; 19 WJ Hulme (49634_CR10) 2023; 176 EMF Horne (49634_CR22) 2022; 378 CR Simpson (49634_CR27) 2021; 27 M Patone (49634_CR28) 2022; 28 49634_CR38 49634_CR37 M Nishiga (49634_CR15) 2020; 17 D Modin (49634_CR23) 2020; 142 JA Davidson (49634_CR16) 2023; 15 E Pritchard (49634_CR19) 2021; 27 N Andrews (49634_CR18) 2022; 386 49634_CR32 49634_CR31 49634_CR30 49634_CR36 49634_CR13 49634_CR35 49634_CR12 49634_CR34 HJ Curtis (49634_CR11) 2022; 72 M Mafham (49634_CR17) 2021; 398 E Mahase (49634_CR33) 2021; 372 49634_CR7 I Katsoularis (49634_CR24) 2021; 398 49634_CR4 49634_CR8 49634_CR9 M Demasi (49634_CR6) 2022; 379 49634_CR2 49634_CR3 49634_CR1 |
| References_xml | – reference: PritchardEImpact of vaccination on new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United KingdomNat. Med.202127137013781:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXht1yhsLfI10.1038/s41591-021-01410-w341087168363500 – reference: JCVI advises on COVID-19 vaccine for people aged under 40. GOV.UK,https://www.gov.uk/government/news/jcvi-advises-on-covid-19-vaccine-for-people-aged-under-40 (2021). – reference: SimpsonCRFirst-dose ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines and thrombocytopenic, thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events in ScotlandNat. Med.202127129012971:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXht1yhsLfJ10.1038/s41591-021-01408-4341087148282499 – reference: COVID-19 vaccination programme: FAQs on second doses. NHS England, https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/documents/covid-19-vaccination-programme-faqs-on-second-doses/ (2021). – reference: DavidsonJAAcute Cardiovascular Events After COVID-19 in England in 2020: A Self-Controlled Case Series StudyClin. Epidemiol.20231591192110.2147/CLEP.S4210623768119510481329 – reference: Clinical Considerations: Myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines | CDC. https://web.archive.org/web/20210528145419/https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html (2021). – reference: Vaccine Safety Publications | Research | Vaccine Safety | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/research/publications/index.html (2023). – reference: WoodALinked electronic health records for research on a nationwide cohort of more than 54 million people in England: data resourceBMJ2021373n82610.1136/bmj.n82633827854 – reference: Thygesen, J. H. et al. COVID-19 trajectories among 57 million adults in England: a cohort study using electronic health records. Lancet Digit Health4, e542–e557 (2022). – reference: CurtisHJTrends and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine recipients: a federated analysis of 57.9 million patients’ primary care records in situ using OpenSAFELYBr. J. Gen. Pract.202272e51e6210.3399/BJGP.2021.037634750106 – reference: ModinDAcute COVID-19 and the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke and Acute Myocardial InfarctionCirculation2020142208020821:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisVyju7rL10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050809330543497682795 – reference: Lopez BernalJEffectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) VariantN. Engl. J. Med.202138558559410.1056/NEJMoa210889134289274 – reference: DemasiMFDA urged to publish follow-up studies on covid-19 vaccine safety signalsBMJ2022379o252710.1136/bmj.o252736283706 – reference: VoyseyMSafety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UKLancet Lond. Engl.2021397991111:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisFCgt77I10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32661-1 – reference: Statement from the UK Chief Medical Officers on the prioritisation of first doses of COVID-19 vaccines. 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NHS England, https://www.england.nhs.uk/2021/12/nhs-booster-bookings-open-to-every-eligible-adult/ (2021). – reference: Watson, O. J. et al. Global impact of the first year of COVID-19 vaccination: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis.22, 1293–1302 (2022). – reference: Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20210215140119/https:/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/961287/Greenbook_chapter_14a_v7_12Feb2021.pdf (2021). – reference: KatsoularisIFonseca-RodríguezOFarringtonPLindmarkKConnollyA-MFRisk of acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke following COVID-19 in Sweden: a self-controlled case series and matched cohort studyLancet20213985996071:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhslarsr%2FI10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00896-5343326528321431 – reference: HorneEMFWaning effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 covid-19 vaccines over six months since second dose: OpenSAFELY cohort study using linked electronic health recordsBMJ2022378e07124910.1136/bmj-2022-0712493585869810441183 – reference: WhiteleyWNAssociation of COVID-19 vaccines ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 with major venous, arterial, or thrombocytopenic events: A population-based cohort study of 46 million adults in EnglandPLOS Med.202219e10039261:CAS:528:DC%2BB38Xmt1ersL8%3D10.1371/journal.pmed.1003926351925978863280 – reference: Horne, E. M. F. et al. Challenges in estimating the effectiveness of 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine beyond 6 months in England. American Journal of Epidemiology193, 227–231 (2024). – reference: BilalogluSThrombosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in a New York City Health SystemJAMA20203247998011:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhslamurzP10.1001/jama.2020.13372327020907372509 – reference: HulmeWJChallenges in Estimating the Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccination Using Observational DataAnn. Intern. Med.202317668569310.7326/M21-426937126810 – reference: AndrewsNDuration of Protection against Mild and Severe Disease by Covid-19 VaccinesN. Engl. J. Med.20223863403501:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisFSksr8%3D10.1056/NEJMoa211548135021002 – reference: Hippisley-CoxJRisk of thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism after covid-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 positive testing: self-controlled case series studyBMJ2021374n193110.1136/bmj.n193134446426 – reference: Wayback Machine. https://web.archive.org/web/20210702185339/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/998309/Greenbook_chapter_14a_1July2021.pdf (2021). – reference: KnightRAssociation of COVID-19 With Major Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Diseases: A Population-Wide Cohort Study of 48 Million Adults in England and WalesCirculation20221468929061:CAS:528:DC%2BB38XisVSjsLnP10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060785361219079484653 – reference: Secure Data Environment service for England. NHS Digital, https://digital.nhs.uk/services/secure-data-environment-service (2024). – reference: NishigaMWangDWHanYLewisDBWuJCCOVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectivesNat. Rev. Cardiol.2020175435581:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVaqtbzE10.1038/s41569-020-0413-9326909107370876 – reference: COVID-19 weekly announced vaccinations: Week ending Sunday 23rd January 2022. NHS England, https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/01/COVID-19-weekly-announced-vaccinations-27-January-2022.pdf (2022). – reference: JCVI statement on the COVID-19 vaccination programme for autumn 2023, 26 May 2023. GOV.UKhttps://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-autumn-2023-vaccination-programme-jcvi-advice-26-may-2023/jcvi-statement-on-the-covid-19-vaccination-programme-for-autumn-2023-26-may-2023 (2023). – reference: MafhamMBaigentCWhat is the association of COVID-19 with heart attacks and strokes?Lancet20213985615631:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhslarsr%2FP10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01071-0343326519214638 – reference: MahaseECovid-19: Vaccine brands can be mixed in “extremely rare occasions,” says Public Health EnglandBMJ2021372n1210.1136/bmj.n1233397685 – volume: 379 start-page: o2527 year: 2022 ident: 49634_CR6 publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.o2527 – volume: 176 start-page: 685 year: 2023 ident: 49634_CR10 publication-title: Ann. Intern. Med. doi: 10.7326/M21-4269 – ident: 49634_CR31 – volume: 17 start-page: 543 year: 2020 ident: 49634_CR15 publication-title: Nat. Rev. Cardiol. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0413-9 – volume: 72 start-page: e51 year: 2022 ident: 49634_CR11 publication-title: Br. 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| Title | Cohort study of cardiovascular safety of different COVID-19 vaccination doses among 46 million adults in England |
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