Pathology and virology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 infection in wild Common buzzards (Buteo buteo)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard ( Buteo buteo ) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wil...

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Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 920 - 6
Main Authors:	Caliendo, Valentina, Leijten, Lonneke, van de Bildt, Marco W. G., Fouchier, Ron A. M., Rijks, Jolianne M., Kuiken, Thijs
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 18.01.2022 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	631/158 631/250 631/601 692/420 692/699 704/158 Animals Animals, Wild - virology Avian flu Birds Buteo buteo Encephalitis Falconiformes - virology Gastrointestinal tract Heart diseases Histology Humanities and Social Sciences Immunohistochemistry Infections Influenza Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - isolation & purification Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza in Birds - pathology Influenza in Birds - virology Jejunum multidisciplinary Myocarditis Myocarditis - pathology Myocarditis - veterinary Myocarditis - virology Pharynx Polymerase chain reaction RNA viruses RNA, Viral - genetics Science Science (multidisciplinary) Spleen Tropism Wildlife
ISSN:	2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Abstract	Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard ( Buteo buteo ) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020–2021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9/11 birds) and necrotizing myocarditis (7/11 birds). The proventriculus of two birds showed virus-associated necrosis, indicating tropism of this virus for the digestive tract. Our advice is to collect at least a miniset of samples including brain, heart, liver, and spleen, as these tissues were positive both by RT-PCR and for virus-antigen-associated lesions.
AbstractList	Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020–2021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9/11 birds) and necrotizing myocarditis (7/11 birds). The proventriculus of two birds showed virus-associated necrosis, indicating tropism of this virus for the digestive tract. Our advice is to collect at least a miniset of samples including brain, heart, liver, and spleen, as these tissues were positive both by RT-PCR and for virus-antigen-associated lesions. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020-2021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9/11 birds) and necrotizing myocarditis (7/11 birds). The proventriculus of two birds showed virus-associated necrosis, indicating tropism of this virus for the digestive tract. Our advice is to collect at least a miniset of samples including brain, heart, liver, and spleen, as these tissues were positive both by RT-PCR and for virus-antigen-associated lesions.Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020-2021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9/11 birds) and necrotizing myocarditis (7/11 birds). The proventriculus of two birds showed virus-associated necrosis, indicating tropism of this virus for the digestive tract. Our advice is to collect at least a miniset of samples including brain, heart, liver, and spleen, as these tissues were positive both by RT-PCR and for virus-antigen-associated lesions. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard ( Buteo buteo ) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020–2021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9/11 birds) and necrotizing myocarditis (7/11 birds). The proventriculus of two birds showed virus-associated necrosis, indicating tropism of this virus for the digestive tract. Our advice is to collect at least a miniset of samples including brain, heart, liver, and spleen, as these tissues were positive both by RT-PCR and for virus-antigen-associated lesions. Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard (Buteo buteo) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020–2021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9/11 birds) and necrotizing myocarditis (7/11 birds). The proventriculus of two birds showed virus-associated necrosis, indicating tropism of this virus for the digestive tract. Our advice is to collect at least a miniset of samples including brain, heart, liver, and spleen, as these tissues were positive both by RT-PCR and for virus-antigen-associated lesions.
ArticleNumber	920
Author	Leijten, Lonneke van de Bildt, Marco W. G. Fouchier, Ron A. M. Kuiken, Thijs Rijks, Jolianne M. Caliendo, Valentina
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Valentina surname: Caliendo fullname: Caliendo, Valentina email: v.caliendo@erasmusmc.nl organization: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center – sequence: 2 givenname: Lonneke surname: Leijten fullname: Leijten, Lonneke organization: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center – sequence: 3 givenname: Marco W. G. surname: van de Bildt fullname: van de Bildt, Marco W. G. organization: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center – sequence: 4 givenname: Ron A. M. surname: Fouchier fullname: Fouchier, Ron A. M. organization: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center – sequence: 5 givenname: Jolianne M. surname: Rijks fullname: Rijks, Jolianne M. organization: Dutch Wildlife Health Center, Utrecht University – sequence: 6 givenname: Thijs surname: Kuiken fullname: Kuiken, Thijs organization: Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center
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Cites_doi	10.1126/science.aaf8852 10.3390/v10090478 10.3201/eid2312.171086 10.1186/s12917-019-2133-0 10.1637/9826-060111-Reg.1 10.3390/v12111209 10.3390/d11030035 10.2807/1560-7917.ES2015.20.12.21069 10.1080/22221751.2021.1872355 10.1371/journal.pone.0007555 10.1186/s13567-020-00841-6 10.1080/03079457.2020.1787337 10.1371/journal.pone.0032107 10.1186/s13567-015-0148-5 10.7589/2017-11-289 10.1073/pnas.2001813117 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6379 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5945
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Snippet	Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard (... Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard... Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common...
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SubjectTerms	631/158 631/250 631/601 692/420 692/699 704/158 Animals Animals, Wild - virology Avian flu Birds Buteo buteo Encephalitis Falconiformes - virology Gastrointestinal tract Heart diseases Histology Humanities and Social Sciences Immunohistochemistry Infections Influenza Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - genetics Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - isolation & purification Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza in Birds - pathology Influenza in Birds - virology Jejunum multidisciplinary Myocarditis Myocarditis - pathology Myocarditis - veterinary Myocarditis - virology Pharynx Polymerase chain reaction RNA viruses RNA, Viral - genetics Science Science (multidisciplinary) Spleen Tropism Wildlife
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Title	Pathology and virology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 infection in wild Common buzzards (Buteo buteo)
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