Autophagy genes in biology and disease

Macroautophagy and microautophagy are highly conserved eukaryotic cellular processes that degrade cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. Both pathways involve characteristic membrane dynamics regulated by autophagy-related proteins and other molecules, some of which are shared between the two pathways....

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature reviews. Genetics Jg. 24; H. 6; S. 382 - 400
Hauptverfasser: Yamamoto, Hayashi, Zhang, Sidi, Mizushima, Noboru
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.06.2023
Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:
631/181/2474
631/208/2489/144
631/337
631/80
Agriculture
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Autophagy
Autophagy - genetics
Biology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Coevolution
Cryoelectron Microscopy
Electron microscopy
Eukaryota
Evolutionary genetics
Gene Function
Genomes
Human Genetics
Humans
Lysosomes
Lysosomes - metabolism
Neurodegenerative diseases
Prokaryotes
Proteins - metabolism
Review
Review Article
ISSN:1471-0056, 1471-0064, 1471-0064
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Macroautophagy and microautophagy are highly conserved eukaryotic cellular processes that degrade cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. Both pathways involve characteristic membrane dynamics regulated by autophagy-related proteins and other molecules, some of which are shared between the two pathways. Over the past few years, the application of new technologies, such as cryo-electron microscopy, coevolution-based structural prediction and in vitro reconstitution, has revealed the functions of individual autophagy gene products, especially in autophagy induction, membrane reorganization and cargo recognition. Concomitantly, mutations in autophagy genes have been linked to human disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing the potential pathogenic implications of autophagy defects. Accumulating genome data have also illuminated the evolution of autophagy genes within eukaryotes as well as their transition from possible ancestral elements in prokaryotes. Macroautophagy and microautophagy involve characteristic membrane dynamics regulated by autophagy-related proteins to degrade cytoplasmic material in lysosomes. In this Review, the authors summarize recent progress in elucidating these highly conserved processes, the pathological relevance of autophagy-related genes in Mendelian and complex diseases, and the evolution of the autophagy pathway.
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ISSN:1471-0056
1471-0064
1471-0064
DOI:10.1038/s41576-022-00562-w