Normalization by valence and motivational intensity in the sensorimotor cortices (PMd, M1, and S1)

Our brain’s ability to represent vast amounts of information, such as continuous ranges of reward spanning orders of magnitude, with limited dynamic range neurons, may be possible due to normalization. Recently our group and others have shown that the sensorimotor cortices are sensitive to reward va...

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Vydané v:	Scientific reports Ročník 11; číslo 1; s. 24221 - 19
Hlavní autori:	Yao, Zhao, Hessburg, John P., Francis, Joseph Thachil
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 20.12.2021 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Predmet:	631/378/1457 631/378/1662 631/378/1788 631/378/2632 Action Potentials - physiology Affect (Psychology) Animals Behavior, Animal Brain Brain Mapping - methods Electrodes Emotions Female Grasping Hand Strength Humanities and Social Sciences Kinematics Laboratory animals Linear Models Macaca mulatta Macaca radiata Male Motivation Motor Cortex - physiology Movement - physiology multidisciplinary Neurons - physiology Psychomotor Performance - physiology Punishment Reaction Time - physiology Reinforcement Reproducibility of Results Reward Robotics Science Science (multidisciplinary) Sensorimotor Cortex - physiology Sensorimotor system
ISSN:	2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Our brain’s ability to represent vast amounts of information, such as continuous ranges of reward spanning orders of magnitude, with limited dynamic range neurons, may be possible due to normalization. Recently our group and others have shown that the sensorimotor cortices are sensitive to reward value. Here we ask if psychological affect causes normalization of the sensorimotor cortices by modulating valence and motivational intensity. We had two non-human primates (NHP) subjects (one male bonnet macaque and one female rhesus macaque) make visually cued grip-force movements while simultaneously cueing the level of possible reward if successful, or timeout punishment, if unsuccessful. We recorded simultaneously from 96 electrodes in each the following: caudal somatosensory, rostral motor, and dorsal premotor cortices (cS1, rM1, PMd). We utilized several normalization models for valence and motivational intensity in all three regions. We found three types of divisive normalized relationships between neural activity and the representation of valence and motivation, linear, sigmodal, and hyperbolic. The hyperbolic relationships resemble receptive fields in psychological affect space, where a unit is susceptible to a small range of the valence/motivational space. We found that these cortical regions have both strong valence and motivational intensity representations.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-021-03200-3