Prevalence and associations of dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in the ural eye and medical study

To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a population in Russia. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in an urban and rural region in Bashkortostan/Russia and included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible persons, aged 40 + year...

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Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 18849 - 14
Main Authors: Bikbov, Mukharram M., Gilmanshin, Timur R., Zainullin, Rinat M., Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Iakupova, Ellina M., Fakhretdinova, Albina A., Tuliakova, Azaliia M., Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Rusakova, Iuliia A., Nuriev, Ildar F., Zaynetdinov, Artur F., Miniazeva, Liana A., Jonas, Jost B.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 07.11.2022
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
692/699
692/699/3161
692/699/3161/3163
Aged
Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis
Eye diseases
Female
Glands
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Meibomian Glands
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Prevalence
Rural areas
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sex ratio
Tears
Thyroid
Thyroid diseases
Urban populations
Russia
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:To assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in a population in Russia. The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study was conducted in an urban and rural region in Bashkortostan/Russia and included 5899 (80.5%) out of 7328 eligible persons, aged 40 + years. DED and MGD were assessed by Schirmer´s test, slit-lamp based examination of the Meibomian glands, and an interview with DED-related questions. The study included 5153 (87.4%) individuals with DED and MGD assessments (mean age: 58.5 ± 10.5 years). The mean Schirmer´s test result was 11.8 ± 6.8 mm and 12.5 ± 7.1 mm for the right/left eye, with a result of ≤ 5 mm measured in 1098 (21.3%; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 20.2, 22.4) of the worse eyes. The mean subjective dry eye symptoms score was 1.37 ± 1.82. MGD grade 1 (telangiectasia at the lid margin), 2, 3, 4 or any grade in the worse eye was diagnosed in 901 (21.1%), 1161 (27.1%), 158 (3.7%), 32 (0.7%), and 2252 (52.6%; 95% CI 51.1, 54.1) eyes respectively. The prevalence of DED diagnosis #1, #2 and #3 (Schirmer´s test ≤ 5 mm, and dry eye score ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3, respectively), #4 (dry eye score ≥ 1, Schirmer test ≤ 5 mm, MGD grade 1 +), and #5 (dry eye score ≥ 1, Schirmer test ≤ 5 mm, MGD grade 2 +) were 598/5142 (11.6%), 426/5153 (8.3%), 273/5142 (5.3%), 335/5142 (6.5%), and 186/5142 (3.6%), respectively. Mean depression score as applied was 5.1 ± 3.8. Higher DED prevalence (definition #4) was associated (multivariable analysis) with female sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.71; 95% CI 1.31, 2.22; P  < 0.001), higher depression score (OR 1.04; 95% CI 101, 1.07; P  = 0.009), and higher prevalence of thyroid disease history (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.19, 2.24; P  = 0.006). DED and MGD were common in this rural and urban population, and their prevalence was associated with female sex, thyroid disease, and depression.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-22580-8