Function and therapeutic value of astrocytes in neurological diseases

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. As...

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Vydáno v:Nature reviews. Drug discovery Ročník 21; číslo 5; s. 339 - 358
Hlavní autoři: Lee, Hong-Gyun, Wheeler, Michael A, Quintana, Francisco J
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Nature Publishing Group 01.05.2022
Témata:
Astrocytes - metabolism
Cell Communication
Cytokines
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Glutamic Acid - metabolism
Homeostasis
Humans
Huntingtons disease
Inflammation
Metabolism
Morphology
Multiple Sclerosis
Nervous system
Nervous System Diseases - metabolism
Nervous System Diseases - therapy
Neurodegeneration
Neurons
Parkinson's disease
Pathogenesis
Permeability
ISSN:1474-1776, 1474-1784, 1474-1784
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Shrnutí:Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that perform diverse functions in health and disease. Astrocyte dysfunction is found in numerous diseases, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and neuropsychiatric disorders. Astrocytes regulate glutamate and ion homeostasis, cholesterol and sphingolipid metabolism and respond to environmental factors, all of which have been implicated in neurological diseases. Astrocytes also exhibit significant heterogeneity, driven by developmental programmes and stimulus-specific cellular responses controlled by CNS location, cell-cell interactions and other mechanisms. In this Review, we highlight general mechanisms of astrocyte regulation and their potential as therapeutic targets, including drugs that alter astrocyte metabolism, and therapies that target transporters and receptors on astrocytes. Emerging ideas, such as engineered probiotics and glia-to-neuron conversion therapies, are also discussed. We further propose a concise nomenclature for astrocyte subsets that we use to highlight the roles of astrocytes and specific subsets in neurological diseases.
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ISSN:1474-1776
1474-1784
1474-1784
DOI:10.1038/s41573-022-00390-x