Impacts of air pollutants from rural Chinese households under the rapid residential energy transition

Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerod...

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Vydané v:	Nature communications Ročník 10; číslo 1; s. 3405 - 8
Hlavní autori:	Shen, Guofeng, Ru, Muye, Du, Wei, Zhu, Xi, Zhong, Qirui, Chen, Yilin, Shen, Huizhong, Yun, Xiao, Meng, Wenjun, Liu, Junfeng, Cheng, Hefa, Hu, Jianying, Guan, Dabo, Tao, Shu
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 30.07.2019 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Predmet:	704/106/35 704/172/4081 704/844/4066 706/134 706/4066/4064 Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollution Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Air quality Clean energy Clean technology Emission analysis Emissions Energy consumption Energy policy Energy transition Energy-Generating Resources Family Characteristics Fuel combustion Households Housing - statistics & numerical data Humanities and Social Sciences Humans multidisciplinary Outdoor air quality Particulate emissions Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Pollutants Pollution sources Residential energy Rural areas Rural Health - statistics & numerical data Science Science (multidisciplinary) Solid fuels
ISSN:	2041-1723, 2041-1723
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Abstract	Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and the impacts on health and climate. The clean energy transitions result in remarkable reductions in the contributions to ambient PM 2.5 , avoiding 130,000 (90,000–160,000) premature deaths associated with PM 2.5 exposure. The climate forcing associated with this sector declines from 0.057 ± 0.016 W/m 2 in 1992 to 0.031 ± 0.008 W/m 2 in 2012. Despite this, the large remaining quantities of solid fuels still contributed 14 ± 10 μg/m 3 to population-weighted PM 2.5 in 2012, which comprises 21 ± 14% of the overall population-weighted PM 2.5 from all sources. Rural residential emissions affect not only rural but urban air quality, and the impacts are highly seasonal and location dependent. Residential solid fuel use constitutes a large amount of air pollution but has been gradually replaced by other cleaner energy during the past three decades. Here the authors investigated the contribution of rural residential sector to ambient PM 2.5 pollution and the resulting climate forcing and health impacts, and find that the remaining large quantities of solid fuels used in rural households are still a major contributor to ambient air pollution despite of decrease in its pollutant emissions and relative contribution to PM 2.5 due to the clean energy transition.
AbstractList	Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and the impacts on health and climate. The clean energy transitions result in remarkable reductions in the contributions to ambient PM2.5, avoiding 130,000 (90,000-160,000) premature deaths associated with PM2.5 exposure. The climate forcing associated with this sector declines from 0.057 ± 0.016 W/m2 in 1992 to 0.031 ± 0.008 W/m2 in 2012. Despite this, the large remaining quantities of solid fuels still contributed 14 ± 10 μg/m3 to population-weighted PM2.5 in 2012, which comprises 21 ± 14% of the overall population-weighted PM2.5 from all sources. Rural residential emissions affect not only rural but urban air quality, and the impacts are highly seasonal and location dependent.Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and the impacts on health and climate. The clean energy transitions result in remarkable reductions in the contributions to ambient PM2.5, avoiding 130,000 (90,000-160,000) premature deaths associated with PM2.5 exposure. The climate forcing associated with this sector declines from 0.057 ± 0.016 W/m2 in 1992 to 0.031 ± 0.008 W/m2 in 2012. Despite this, the large remaining quantities of solid fuels still contributed 14 ± 10 μg/m3 to population-weighted PM2.5 in 2012, which comprises 21 ± 14% of the overall population-weighted PM2.5 from all sources. Rural residential emissions affect not only rural but urban air quality, and the impacts are highly seasonal and location dependent. Residential solid fuel use constitutes a large amount of air pollution but has been gradually replaced by other cleaner energy during the past three decades. Here the authors investigated the contribution of rural residential sector to ambient PM2.5 pollution and the resulting climate forcing and health impacts, and find that the remaining large quantities of solid fuels used in rural households are still a major contributor to ambient air pollution despite of decrease in its pollutant emissions and relative contribution to PM2.5 due to the clean energy transition. Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and the impacts on health and climate. The clean energy transitions result in remarkable reductions in the contributions to ambient PM 2.5 , avoiding 130,000 (90,000–160,000) premature deaths associated with PM 2.5 exposure. The climate forcing associated with this sector declines from 0.057 ± 0.016 W/m 2 in 1992 to 0.031 ± 0.008 W/m 2 in 2012. Despite this, the large remaining quantities of solid fuels still contributed 14 ± 10 μg/m 3 to population-weighted PM 2.5 in 2012, which comprises 21 ± 14% of the overall population-weighted PM 2.5 from all sources. Rural residential emissions affect not only rural but urban air quality, and the impacts are highly seasonal and location dependent. Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM 2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and the impacts on health and climate. The clean energy transitions result in remarkable reductions in the contributions to ambient PM 2.5 , avoiding 130,000 (90,000–160,000) premature deaths associated with PM 2.5 exposure. The climate forcing associated with this sector declines from 0.057 ± 0.016 W/m 2 in 1992 to 0.031 ± 0.008 W/m 2 in 2012. Despite this, the large remaining quantities of solid fuels still contributed 14 ± 10 μg/m 3 to population-weighted PM 2.5 in 2012, which comprises 21 ± 14% of the overall population-weighted PM 2.5 from all sources. Rural residential emissions affect not only rural but urban air quality, and the impacts are highly seasonal and location dependent. Residential solid fuel use constitutes a large amount of air pollution but has been gradually replaced by other cleaner energy during the past three decades. Here the authors investigated the contribution of rural residential sector to ambient PM 2.5 pollution and the resulting climate forcing and health impacts, and find that the remaining large quantities of solid fuels used in rural households are still a major contributor to ambient air pollution despite of decrease in its pollutant emissions and relative contribution to PM 2.5 due to the clean energy transition. Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and the impacts on health and climate. The clean energy transitions result in remarkable reductions in the contributions to ambient PM , avoiding 130,000 (90,000-160,000) premature deaths associated with PM exposure. The climate forcing associated with this sector declines from 0.057 ± 0.016 W/m in 1992 to 0.031 ± 0.008 W/m in 2012. Despite this, the large remaining quantities of solid fuels still contributed 14 ± 10 μg/m to population-weighted PM in 2012, which comprises 21 ± 14% of the overall population-weighted PM from all sources. Rural residential emissions affect not only rural but urban air quality, and the impacts are highly seasonal and location dependent. Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and the impacts on health and climate. The clean energy transitions result in remarkable reductions in the contributions to ambient PM2.5, avoiding 130,000 (90,000–160,000) premature deaths associated with PM2.5 exposure. The climate forcing associated with this sector declines from 0.057 ± 0.016 W/m2 in 1992 to 0.031 ± 0.008 W/m2 in 2012. Despite this, the large remaining quantities of solid fuels still contributed 14 ± 10 μg/m3 to population-weighted PM2.5 in 2012, which comprises 21 ± 14% of the overall population-weighted PM2.5 from all sources. Rural residential emissions affect not only rural but urban air quality, and the impacts are highly seasonal and location dependent. Residential solid fuel use constitutes a large amount of air pollution but has been gradually replaced by other cleaner energy during the past three decades. Here the authors investigated the contribution of rural residential sector to ambient PM2.5 pollution and the resulting climate forcing and health impacts, and find that the remaining large quantities of solid fuels used in rural households are still a major contributor to ambient air pollution despite of decrease in its pollutant emissions and relative contribution to PM2.5 due to the clean energy transition. Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important emission source. Here we quantitatively evaluate the contribution of rural residential emissions to PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and the impacts on health and climate. The clean energy transitions result in remarkable reductions in the contributions to ambient PM2.5, avoiding 130,000 (90,000–160,000) premature deaths associated with PM2.5 exposure. The climate forcing associated with this sector declines from 0.057 ± 0.016 W/m2 in 1992 to 0.031 ± 0.008 W/m2 in 2012. Despite this, the large remaining quantities of solid fuels still contributed 14 ± 10 μg/m3 to population-weighted PM2.5 in 2012, which comprises 21 ± 14% of the overall population-weighted PM2.5 from all sources. Rural residential emissions affect not only rural but urban air quality, and the impacts are highly seasonal and location dependent.
ArticleNumber	3405
Author	Shen, Guofeng Zhu, Xi Guan, Dabo Yun, Xiao Zhong, Qirui Chen, Yilin Cheng, Hefa Hu, Jianying Tao, Shu Liu, Junfeng Du, Wei Meng, Wenjun Ru, Muye Shen, Huizhong
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Guofeng orcidid: 0000-0002-7731-5399 surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Guofeng organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 2 givenname: Muye surname: Ru fullname: Ru, Muye organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Nicholas school of the Environment, Duke University – sequence: 3 givenname: Wei surname: Du fullname: Du, Wei organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 4 givenname: Xi surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Xi organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 5 givenname: Qirui surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Qirui organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 6 givenname: Yilin surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yilin organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology – sequence: 7 givenname: Huizhong orcidid: 0000-0003-1335-8477 surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Huizhong organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology – sequence: 8 givenname: Xiao surname: Yun fullname: Yun, Xiao organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 9 givenname: Wenjun surname: Meng fullname: Meng, Wenjun organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 10 givenname: Junfeng surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Junfeng organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 11 givenname: Hefa surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Hefa organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 12 givenname: Jianying surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Jianying organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University – sequence: 13 givenname: Dabo orcidid: 0000-0003-3773-3403 surname: Guan fullname: Guan, Dabo organization: School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich – sequence: 14 givenname: Shu orcidid: 0000-0002-7374-7063 surname: Tao fullname: Tao, Shu email: taos@pku.edu.cn organization: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31363099$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author(s) 2019 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Snippet	Rural residential energy consumption in China is experiencing a rapid transition towards clean energy, nevertheless, solid fuel combustion remains an important... Residential solid fuel use constitutes a large amount of air pollution but has been gradually replaced by other cleaner energy during the past three decades....
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SubjectTerms	704/106/35 704/172/4081 704/844/4066 706/134 706/4066/4064 Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollution Air Pollution, Indoor - analysis Air quality Clean energy Clean technology Emission analysis Emissions Energy consumption Energy policy Energy transition Energy-Generating Resources Family Characteristics Fuel combustion Households Housing - statistics & numerical data Humanities and Social Sciences Humans multidisciplinary Outdoor air quality Particulate emissions Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Pollutants Pollution sources Residential energy Rural areas Rural Health - statistics & numerical data Science Science (multidisciplinary) Solid fuels
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Title	Impacts of air pollutants from rural Chinese households under the rapid residential energy transition
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