Coregulation of transcription factor binding and nucleosome occupancy through DNA features of mammalian enhancers

Transcription factors (TFs) preferentially bind sites contained in regions of computationally predicted high nucleosomal occupancy, suggesting that nucleosomes are gatekeepers of TF binding sites. However, because of their complexity mammalian genomes contain millions of randomly occurring, unbound...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular cell Vol. 54; no. 5; p. 844
Main Authors: Barozzi, Iros, Simonatto, Marta, Bonifacio, Silvia, Yang, Lin, Rohs, Remo, Ghisletti, Serena, Natoli, Gioacchino
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 05.06.2014
Subjects:
Animals
Base Sequence
Binding Sites
Cells, Cultured
Consensus Sequence
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Gene Expression Regulation
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Humans
Mice
Models, Genetic
Nucleosomes - genetics
Nucleosomes - metabolism
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics
Proto-Oncogene Proteins - metabolism
RNA, Small Interfering - genetics
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Support Vector Machine
Trans-Activators - genetics
Trans-Activators - metabolism
ISSN:1097-4164, 1097-4164
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Transcription factors (TFs) preferentially bind sites contained in regions of computationally predicted high nucleosomal occupancy, suggesting that nucleosomes are gatekeepers of TF binding sites. However, because of their complexity mammalian genomes contain millions of randomly occurring, unbound TF consensus binding sites. We hypothesized that the information controlling nucleosome assembly may coincide with the information that enables TFs to bind cis-regulatory elements while ignoring randomly occurring sites. Hence, nucleosomes would selectively mask genomic sites that can be contacted by TFs and thus be potentially functional. The hematopoietic pioneer TF Pu.1 maintained nucleosome depletion at macrophage-specific enhancers that displayed a broad range of nucleosome occupancy in other cell types and in reconstituted chromatin. We identified a minimal set of DNA sequence and shape features that accurately predicted both Pu.1 binding and nucleosome occupancy genome-wide. These data reveal a basic organizational principle of mammalian cis-regulatory elements whereby TF recruitment and nucleosome deposition are controlled by overlapping DNA sequence features.
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ISSN:1097-4164
1097-4164
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2014.04.006