An observational and Mendelian randomisation study on vitamin D and COVID-19 risk in UK Biobank

A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial respiratory infections. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between vitamin D and COVID-19 risk and outcomes. We used logistic regression to identi...

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Vydáno v:Scientific reports Ročník 11; číslo 1; s. 18262 - 8
Hlavní autoři: Li, Xue, van Geffen, Jos, van Weele, Michiel, Zhang, Xiaomeng, He, Yazhou, Meng, Xiangrui, Timofeeva, Maria, Campbell, Harry, Dunlop, Malcolm, Zgaga, Lina, Theodoratou, Evropi
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London Nature Publishing Group UK 14.09.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Témata:
692/499
692/700/2814
Aged
Biobanks
Biological Specimen Banks
Calcifediol - blood
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - mortality
COVID-19 - pathology
COVID-19 - virology
Female
Health risks
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Logistic Models
Male
Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Odds Ratio
Pandemics
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sensitivity analysis
Supplements
Ultraviolet radiation
United Kingdom
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency
United Kingdom
United Kingdom > UK
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Shrnutí:A growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial respiratory infections. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between vitamin D and COVID-19 risk and outcomes. We used logistic regression to identify associations between vitamin D variables and COVID-19 (risk of infection, hospitalisation and death) in 417,342 participants from UK Biobank. We subsequently performed a Mendelian Randomisation (MR) study to look for evidence of a causal effect. In total, 1746 COVID-19 cases (399 deaths) were registered between March and June 2020. We found no significant associations between COVID-19 infection risk and measured 25-OHD levels after adjusted for covariates, but this finding is limited by the fact that the vitamin D levels were measured on average 11 years before the pandemic. Ambient UVB was strongly and inversely associated with COVID-19 hospitalization and death overall and consistently after stratification by BMI and ethnicity. We also observed an interaction that suggested greater protective effect of genetically-predicted vitamin D levels when ambient UVB radiation is stronger. The main MR analysis did not show that genetically-predicted vitamin D levels are causally associated with COVID-19 risk (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.55–1.11, P = 0.160), but MR sensitivity analyses indicated a potential causal effect (weighted mode MR: OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.55–0.95, P = 0.021; weighted median MR: OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.42–0.92, P = 0.016). Analysis of MR-PRESSO did not find outliers for any instrumental variables and suggested a potential causal effect (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.98, p-val = 0.030). In conclusion, the effect of vitamin D levels on the risk or severity of COVID-19 remains controversial, further studies are needed to validate vitamin D supplementation as a means of protecting against worsened COVID-19.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-97679-5