Optical coherence tomography as retinal imaging biomarker of neuroinflammation/neurodegeneration in systemic disorders in adults and children

The retina and the optic nerve are considered extensions of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus can serve as the window for evaluation of CNS disorders. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for detailed evaluation of the retina and the optic nerve. OCT can non-invasively d...

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Vydáno v:Eye (London) Ročník 37; číslo 2; s. 203 - 219
Hlavní autoři: Vujosevic, Stela, Parra, M Margarita, Hartnett, M Elizabeth, O'Toole, Louise, Nuzzi, Alessia, Limoli, Celeste, Villani, Edoardo, Nucci, Paolo
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Nature Publishing Group 01.02.2023
Témata:
Adult
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Biomarkers
Central nervous system
Child
Cognition
Demyelinating diseases
Demyelination
Diabetes mellitus
Encephalopathy
Glial cells
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Huntingtons disease
Hypoxia
Inflammatory diseases
Ischemia
Leukodystrophy
Lysosomal storage diseases
Mental disorders
Microglia
Multiple sclerosis
Myelitis
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
Neuromyelitis
Neuromyelitis Optica - diagnosis
Neuronal-glial interactions
Optic nerve
Optics
Pediatrics
Retina
Retina - diagnostic imaging
Retinal Ganglion Cells
Schizophrenia
Systemic diseases
Tomography
Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods
ISSN:0950-222X, 1476-5454, 1476-5454
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Shrnutí:The retina and the optic nerve are considered extensions of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus can serve as the window for evaluation of CNS disorders. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows for detailed evaluation of the retina and the optic nerve. OCT can non-invasively document changes in single retina layer thickness and structure due to neuronal and retinal glial cells (RGC) modifications in systemic and local inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. These can include evaluation of retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell complex, hyper-reflective retinal spots (HRS, sign of activated microglial cells in the retina), subfoveal neuroretinal detachment, disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL), thickness and integrity of the outer retinal layers and choroidal thickness. This review paper will report the most recent data on the use of OCT as a non invasive imaging biomarker for evaluation of the most common systemic neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative/neurocognitive disorders in the adults and in paediatric population. In the adult population the main focus will be on diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, optic neuromyelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis, Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease and schizophrenia. In the paediatric population, demyelinating diseases, lysosomal storage diseases, Nieman Pick type C disease, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, human immunodeficiency virus, leukodystrophies spinocerebellar ataxia will be addressed.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
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ISSN:0950-222X
1476-5454
1476-5454
DOI:10.1038/s41433-022-02056-9