Excessive exercise training causes mitochondrial functional impairment and decreases glucose tolerance in healthy volunteers

Exercise training positively affects metabolic health through increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and improved glucose regulation and is the first line of treatment in several metabolic diseases. However, the upper limit of the amount of exercise associated with beneficial therapeutic effects...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cell metabolism Vol. 33; no. 5; p. 957
Main Authors: Flockhart, Mikael, Nilsson, Lina C, Tais, Senna, Ekblom, Björn, Apró, William, Larsen, Filip J
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 04.05.2021
Subjects:
Blood Glucose - analysis
Catalase - metabolism
Glucose Tolerance Test
Glucose Transporter Type 4 - metabolism
Glycogen - metabolism
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Hydrogen Peroxide - metabolism
Mitochondria - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - pathology
NF-E2-Related Factor 2 - metabolism
Oxidative Stress
Physical Endurance
Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism
high-intensity interval training
mitochondria
metabolic dysfunction
exercise adaptations
exercise
athletes
mitochondrial dysfunction
continuous glucose monitoring
glucose tolerance
insulin resistance
mitochondrial dynamics
ISSN:1932-7420, 1932-7420
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Exercise training positively affects metabolic health through increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity and improved glucose regulation and is the first line of treatment in several metabolic diseases. However, the upper limit of the amount of exercise associated with beneficial therapeutic effects has not been clearly identified. Here, we used a training model with a progressively increasing exercise load during an intervention over 4 weeks. We closely followed changes in glucose tolerance, mitochondrial function and dynamics, physical exercise capacity, and whole-body metabolism. Following the week with the highest exercise load, we found a striking reduction in intrinsic mitochondrial function that coincided with a disturbance in glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. We also assessed continuous blood glucose profiles in world-class endurance athletes and found that they had impaired glucose control compared with a matched control group.
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ISSN:1932-7420
1932-7420
DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.02.017