New challenges in human monkeypox outside Africa: A review and case report from Italy

Human monkeypox (MPX) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the MPX virus a double-stranded DNA virus which belongs to the Poxviridae family genus Orthopoxvirus. It is endemic in the rural rainforests of Central and Western Africa where it is responsible of human sporadic cases and outbreaks sin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Travel medicine and infectious disease Vol. 49; p. 102386
Main Authors: Mileto, Davide, Riva, Agostino, Cutrera, Miriam, Moschese, Davide, Mancon, Alessandro, Meroni, Luca, Giacomelli, Andrea, Bestetti, Giovanna, Rizzardini, Giuliano, Gismondo, Maria Rita, Antinori, Spinello
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2022
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Case reports
Diagnosis
DNA
Epidemics
Gays & lesbians
Genomes
Ghana
HIV
Homosexuality, Male
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases
International organizations
Italy
Lesions
Male
Medical diagnosis
Men
Mens health
Monkeypox
Monkeypox virus - genetics
Mpox
Mpox (monkeypox) - diagnosis
Mpox (monkeypox) - epidemiology
Nosocomial infections
Nucleotide sequence
Outbreak
Outbreaks
PCR
Rainforests
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sexual and Gender Minorities
Travel
Travel medicine
Travel-Related Illness
United States
Zoonoses
United States
Ghana
Singapore
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
Europe
Africa
Sierra Leone
Ivory Coast
Portugal
Liberia
West Africa
Denmark
Italy
Israel
Nigeria
France
Central Africa
Italy
Outbreak
Diagnosis
HIV
Monkeypox
ISSN:1477-8939, 1873-0442, 1873-0442
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Human monkeypox (MPX) is a neglected zoonotic disease caused by the MPX virus a double-stranded DNA virus which belongs to the Poxviridae family genus Orthopoxvirus. It is endemic in the rural rainforests of Central and Western Africa where it is responsible of human sporadic cases and outbreaks since 1970. Outside Africa MPXV caused an outbreak in 2003 in the United States linked to importation of infected rodents from Ghana and a few travel-related cases in the USA, United Kingdom, Israel and Singapore. Actually, a worldwide outbreak with more than 1200 confirmed cases mainly concentrated among men who have sex with men is ongoing. We present the case of an Italian man living in Portugal that was diagnosed with MPX at our clinic in Milan, Italy. Monkeypox virus infection was confirmed by a specific homemade Real-Time PCR. Samples obtained from different sites (pharynx, skin lesions, anal ulcer, seminal fluid) turned all positive with different viral load. Our report illustrates the challenge of a disease that seems to present in a different way from classic description with possible human-to-human transmission through sexual contact.
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ISSN:1477-8939
1873-0442
1873-0442
DOI:10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102386