Are physical activity interventions for healthy inactive adults effective in promoting behavior change and maintenance, and which behavior change techniques are effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior relate to poor health outcomes independently. Healthy inactive adults are a key target population for prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior interventions, meas...

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Published in:Translational behavioral medicine Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 147 - 157
Main Authors: Howlett, Neil, Trivedi, Daksha, Troop, Nicholas A, Chater, Angel Marie
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Oxford University Press 01.02.2019
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ISSN:1869-6716, 1613-9860, 1613-9860
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Abstract Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior relate to poor health outcomes independently. Healthy inactive adults are a key target population for prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior interventions, measured postintervention (behavior change) and at follow-up (behavior change maintenance), to identify behavior change techniques (BCT) within, and report on fidelity. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, targeting healthy inactive adults, aiming to change physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, with a minimum postintervention follow-up of 6 months, using 16 databases from 1990. Two reviewers independently coded risk of bias, the "Template for Intervention Description and Replication" (TIDieR) checklist, and BCTs. Twenty-six studies were included; 16 pooled for meta-analysis. Physical activity interventions were effective at changing behavior (d = 0.32, 95% confidence intervals = 0.16-0.48, n = 2,346) and maintaining behavior change after 6 months or more (d = 0.21, 95% confidence intervals = 0.12-0.30, n = 2,190). Sedentary behavior interventions (n = 2) were not effective. At postintervention, physical activity intervention effectiveness was associated with the BCTs "Biofeedback," "Demonstration of the behavior," "Behavior practice/rehearsal," and "Graded tasks." At follow-up, effectiveness was associated with using "Action planning," "Instruction on how to perform the behavior," "Prompts/cues," "Behavior practice/rehearsal," "Graded tasks," and "Self-reward." Fidelity was only documented in one study. Good evidence was found for behavior change maintenance effects in healthy inactive adults, and underlying BCTs. This review provides translational evidence to improve research, intervention design, and service delivery in physical activity interventions, while highlighting the lack of fidelity measurement.
AbstractList Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior relate to poor health outcomes independently. Healthy inactive adults are a key target population for prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior interventions, measured postintervention (behavior change) and at follow-up (behavior change maintenance), to identify behavior change techniques (BCT) within, and report on fidelity. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, targeting healthy inactive adults, aiming to change physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, with a minimum postintervention follow-up of 6 months, using 16 databases from 1990. Two reviewers independently coded risk of bias, the “Template for Intervention Description and Replication” (TIDieR) checklist, and BCTs. Twenty-six studies were included; 16 pooled for meta-analysis. Physical activity interventions were effective at changing behavior (d = 0.32, 95% confidence intervals = 0.16–0.48, n = 2,346) and maintaining behavior change after 6 months or more (d = 0.21, 95% confidence intervals = 0.12–0.30, n = 2,190). Sedentary behavior interventions (n = 2) were not effective. At postintervention, physical activity intervention effectiveness was associated with the BCTs “Biofeedback,” “Demonstration of the behavior,” “Behavior practice/rehearsal,” and “Graded tasks.” At follow-up, effectiveness was associated with using “Action planning,” “Instruction on how to perform the behavior,” “Prompts/cues,” “Behavior practice/rehearsal,” “Graded tasks,” and “Self-reward.” Fidelity was only documented in one study. Good evidence was found for behavior change maintenance effects in healthy inactive adults, and underlying BCTs. This review provides translational evidence to improve research, intervention design, and service delivery in physical activity interventions, while highlighting the lack of fidelity measurement.
Interventions in healthy adults who struggle to regularly exercise are effective in improving physical activity levels and maintaining this change at least 6 months later. Effective techniques include practicing to increase skill and gradually increasing the intensity of exercises.' Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior relate to poor health outcomes independently. Healthy inactive adults are a key target population for prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior interventions, measured postintervention (behavior change) and at follow-up (behavior change maintenance), to identify behavior change techniques (BCT) within, and report on fidelity. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, targeting healthy inactive adults, aiming to change physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, with a minimum postintervention follow-up of 6 months, using 16 databases from 1990. Two reviewers independently coded risk of bias, the “Template for Intervention Description and Replication” (TIDieR) checklist, and BCTs. Twenty-six studies were included; 16 pooled for meta-analysis. Physical activity interventions were effective at changing behavior (d = 0.32, 95% confidence intervals = 0.16–0.48, n = 2,346) and maintaining behavior change after 6 months or more (d = 0.21, 95% confidence intervals = 0.12–0.30, n = 2,190). Sedentary behavior interventions (n = 2) were not effective. At postintervention, physical activity intervention effectiveness was associated with the BCTs “Biofeedback,” “Demonstration of the behavior,” “Behavior practice/rehearsal,” and “Graded tasks.” At follow-up, effectiveness was associated with using “Action planning,” “Instruction on how to perform the behavior,” “Prompts/cues,” “Behavior practice/rehearsal,” “Graded tasks,” and “Self-reward.” Fidelity was only documented in one study. Good evidence was found for behavior change maintenance effects in healthy inactive adults, and underlying BCTs. This review provides translational evidence to improve research, intervention design, and service delivery in physical activity interventions, while highlighting the lack of fidelity measurement.
Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior relate to poor health outcomes independently. Healthy inactive adults are a key target population for prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior interventions, measured postintervention (behavior change) and at follow-up (behavior change maintenance), to identify behavior change techniques (BCT) within, and report on fidelity. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, targeting healthy inactive adults, aiming to change physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, with a minimum postintervention follow-up of 6 months, using 16 databases from 1990. Two reviewers independently coded risk of bias, the "Template for Intervention Description and Replication" (TIDieR) checklist, and BCTs. Twenty-six studies were included; 16 pooled for meta-analysis. Physical activity interventions were effective at changing behavior (d= 0.32, 95% confidence intervals = 0.16-0.48, n= 2,346) and maintaining behavior change after 6 months or more (d=0.21, 95% confidence intervals = 0.12-0.30, n= 2,190). Sedentary behavior interventions (n = 2) were not effective. At postintervention, physical activity intervention effectiveness was associated with the BCTs "Biofeedback," "Demonstration of the behavior," "Behavior practice/rehearsal," and "Graded tasks." At follow-up, effectiveness was associated with using "Action planning," "Instruction on how to perform the behavior," "Prompts/cues," "Behavior practice/rehearsal," "Graded tasks," and "Self-reward." Fidelity was only documented in one study. Good evidence was found for behavior change maintenance effects in healthy inactive adults, and underlying BCTs. This review provides translational evidence to improve research, intervention design, and service delivery in physical activity interventions, while highlighting the lack of fidelity measurement. Keywords Inactive lifestyle, Physical activity, Behavior change, Systematic review, Behavior change techniques, Behavior change maintenance
Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior relate to poor health outcomes independently. Healthy inactive adults are a key target population for prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior interventions, measured postintervention (behavior change) and at follow-up (behavior change maintenance), to identify behavior change techniques (BCT) within, and report on fidelity. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, targeting healthy inactive adults, aiming to change physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, with a minimum postintervention follow-up of 6 months, using 16 databases from 1990. Two reviewers independently coded risk of bias, the "Template for Intervention Description and Replication" (TIDieR) checklist, and BCTs. Twenty-six studies were included; 16 pooled for meta-analysis. Physical activity interventions were effective at changing behavior (d = 0.32, 95% confidence intervals = 0.16-0.48, n = 2,346) and maintaining behavior change after 6 months or more (d = 0.21, 95% confidence intervals = 0.12-0.30, n = 2,190). Sedentary behavior interventions (n = 2) were not effective. At postintervention, physical activity intervention effectiveness was associated with the BCTs "Biofeedback," "Demonstration of the behavior," "Behavior practice/rehearsal," and "Graded tasks." At follow-up, effectiveness was associated with using "Action planning," "Instruction on how to perform the behavior," "Prompts/cues," "Behavior practice/rehearsal," "Graded tasks," and "Self-reward." Fidelity was only documented in one study. Good evidence was found for behavior change maintenance effects in healthy inactive adults, and underlying BCTs. This review provides translational evidence to improve research, intervention design, and service delivery in physical activity interventions, while highlighting the lack of fidelity measurement.Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior relate to poor health outcomes independently. Healthy inactive adults are a key target population for prevention. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity and/or sedentary behavior interventions, measured postintervention (behavior change) and at follow-up (behavior change maintenance), to identify behavior change techniques (BCT) within, and report on fidelity. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, targeting healthy inactive adults, aiming to change physical activity and/or sedentary behavior, with a minimum postintervention follow-up of 6 months, using 16 databases from 1990. Two reviewers independently coded risk of bias, the "Template for Intervention Description and Replication" (TIDieR) checklist, and BCTs. Twenty-six studies were included; 16 pooled for meta-analysis. Physical activity interventions were effective at changing behavior (d = 0.32, 95% confidence intervals = 0.16-0.48, n = 2,346) and maintaining behavior change after 6 months or more (d = 0.21, 95% confidence intervals = 0.12-0.30, n = 2,190). Sedentary behavior interventions (n = 2) were not effective. At postintervention, physical activity intervention effectiveness was associated with the BCTs "Biofeedback," "Demonstration of the behavior," "Behavior practice/rehearsal," and "Graded tasks." At follow-up, effectiveness was associated with using "Action planning," "Instruction on how to perform the behavior," "Prompts/cues," "Behavior practice/rehearsal," "Graded tasks," and "Self-reward." Fidelity was only documented in one study. Good evidence was found for behavior change maintenance effects in healthy inactive adults, and underlying BCTs. This review provides translational evidence to improve research, intervention design, and service delivery in physical activity interventions, while highlighting the lack of fidelity measurement.
Audience Academic
Author Howlett, Neil
Trivedi, Daksha
Troop, Nicholas A
Chater, Angel Marie
AuthorAffiliation 3 Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
4 UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London, London, UK
1 Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL, UK
2 Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL, UK
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK
– name: 1 Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL, UK
– name: 2 Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL, UK
– name: 4 UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London, London, UK
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Neil
  surname: Howlett
  fullname: Howlett, Neil
  organization: Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Daksha
  surname: Trivedi
  fullname: Trivedi, Daksha
  organization: Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL, UK
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Nicholas A
  surname: Troop
  fullname: Troop, Nicholas A
  organization: Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL, UK
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Angel Marie
  surname: Chater
  fullname: Chater, Angel Marie
  organization: Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Herts AL, UK, Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research (ISPAR), School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, UK, UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Behavioural Medicine, Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London, London, UK
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29506209$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior relate to poor health outcomes independently. Healthy inactive adults are a key target population for prevention....
Interventions in healthy adults who struggle to regularly exercise are effective in improving physical activity levels and maintaining this change at least 6...
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StartPage 147
SubjectTerms Behavior modification
Behavior Therapy - methods
Exercise
Health aspects
Health Behavior
Health Promotion - methods
Humans
Intervention
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Meta-analysis
Physical fitness
Sedentary Behavior
Systematic review
Systematic Reviews
Title Are physical activity interventions for healthy inactive adults effective in promoting behavior change and maintenance, and which behavior change techniques are effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29506209
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3171698796
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2011275327
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6305562
Volume 9
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