Dimensionality reduction and visualisation of hyperspectral ink data using t-SNE
•The t-SNE algorithm is introduced into forensic ink data analysis.•Created hyperspectra database of inks from 60 pens, from different manufactures, type and colour.•Compared the clustering quality of t-SNE against PCA on hyperspectral ink data.•Clustering quality compared using four different clust...
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| Published in: | Forensic science international Vol. 311; p. 110194 |
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| Main Authors: | , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01.06.2020
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| ISSN: | 0379-0738, 1872-6283, 1872-6283 |
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| Abstract | •The t-SNE algorithm is introduced into forensic ink data analysis.•Created hyperspectra database of inks from 60 pens, from different manufactures, type and colour.•Compared the clustering quality of t-SNE against PCA on hyperspectral ink data.•Clustering quality compared using four different clustering quality indexes.•The t-SNE provided better visualization and clustering score.
Ink analysis is an important tool in forensic science and document analysis. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures large number of narrowband images across the electromagnetic spectrum. HSI is one of the non-invasive tools used in forensic document analysis, especially for ink analysis. The substantial information from multiple bands in HSI images empowers us to make non-destructive diagnosis and identification of forensic evidence in questioned documents. The presence of numerous band information in HSI data makes processing and storing becomes a computationally challenging task. Therefore, dimensionality reduction and visualization play a vital role in HSI data processing to achieve efficient processing and effortless understanding of the data. In this paper, an advanced approach known as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm is introduced into the ink analysis problem. t-SNE extracts the non-linear similarity features between spectra to scale them into a lower dimension. This capability of the t-SNE algorithm for ink spectral data is verified visually and quantitatively, the two-dimensional data generated by the t-SNE showed a better visualization and a greater improvement in clustering quality in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). |
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| AbstractList | Ink analysis is an important tool in forensic science and document analysis. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures large number of narrowband images across the electromagnetic spectrum. HSI is one of the non-invasive tools used in forensic document analysis, especially for ink analysis. The substantial information from multiple bands in HSI images empowers us to make non-destructive diagnosis and identification of forensic evidence in questioned documents. The presence of numerous band information in HSI data makes processing and storing becomes a computationally challenging task. Therefore, dimensionality reduction and visualization play a vital role in HSI data processing to achieve efficient processing and effortless understanding of the data. In this paper, an advanced approach known as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm is introduced into the ink analysis problem. t-SNE extracts the non-linear similarity features between spectra to scale them into a lower dimension. This capability of the t-SNE algorithm for ink spectral data is verified visually and quantitatively, the two-dimensional data generated by the t-SNE showed a better visualization and a greater improvement in clustering quality in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Ink analysis is an important tool in forensic science and document analysis. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures large number of narrowband images across the electromagnetic spectrum. HSI is one of the non-invasive tools used in forensic document analysis, especially for ink analysis. The substantial information from multiple bands in HSI images empowers us to make non-destructive diagnosis and identification of forensic evidence in questioned documents. The presence of numerous band information in HSI data makes processing and storing becomes a computationally challenging task. Therefore, dimensionality reduction and visualization play a vital role in HSI data processing to achieve efficient processing and effortless understanding of the data. In this paper, an advanced approach known as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm is introduced into the ink analysis problem. t-SNE extracts the non-linear similarity features between spectra to scale them into a lower dimension. This capability of the t-SNE algorithm for ink spectral data is verified visually and quantitatively, the two-dimensional data generated by the t-SNE showed a better visualization and a greater improvement in clustering quality in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA).Ink analysis is an important tool in forensic science and document analysis. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures large number of narrowband images across the electromagnetic spectrum. HSI is one of the non-invasive tools used in forensic document analysis, especially for ink analysis. The substantial information from multiple bands in HSI images empowers us to make non-destructive diagnosis and identification of forensic evidence in questioned documents. The presence of numerous band information in HSI data makes processing and storing becomes a computationally challenging task. Therefore, dimensionality reduction and visualization play a vital role in HSI data processing to achieve efficient processing and effortless understanding of the data. In this paper, an advanced approach known as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm is introduced into the ink analysis problem. t-SNE extracts the non-linear similarity features between spectra to scale them into a lower dimension. This capability of the t-SNE algorithm for ink spectral data is verified visually and quantitatively, the two-dimensional data generated by the t-SNE showed a better visualization and a greater improvement in clustering quality in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). •The t-SNE algorithm is introduced into forensic ink data analysis.•Created hyperspectra database of inks from 60 pens, from different manufactures, type and colour.•Compared the clustering quality of t-SNE against PCA on hyperspectral ink data.•Clustering quality compared using four different clustering quality indexes.•The t-SNE provided better visualization and clustering score. Ink analysis is an important tool in forensic science and document analysis. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures large number of narrowband images across the electromagnetic spectrum. HSI is one of the non-invasive tools used in forensic document analysis, especially for ink analysis. The substantial information from multiple bands in HSI images empowers us to make non-destructive diagnosis and identification of forensic evidence in questioned documents. The presence of numerous band information in HSI data makes processing and storing becomes a computationally challenging task. Therefore, dimensionality reduction and visualization play a vital role in HSI data processing to achieve efficient processing and effortless understanding of the data. In this paper, an advanced approach known as t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor embedding (t-SNE) algorithm is introduced into the ink analysis problem. t-SNE extracts the non-linear similarity features between spectra to scale them into a lower dimension. This capability of the t-SNE algorithm for ink spectral data is verified visually and quantitatively, the two-dimensional data generated by the t-SNE showed a better visualization and a greater improvement in clustering quality in comparison with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). |
| ArticleNumber | 110194 |
| Author | George, Sony Melit Devassy, Binu |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32251968$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Dimensionality reduction Visualisation t-SNE Ink analysis Hyperspectral imaging |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | •The t-SNE algorithm is introduced into forensic ink data analysis.•Created hyperspectra database of inks from 60 pens, from different manufactures, type and... Ink analysis is an important tool in forensic science and document analysis. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures large number of narrowband images across the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Cameras Clustering Cultural heritage Data processing Datasets Dimensionality reduction Discriminant analysis Embedding Feature extraction Forensic science Forensic sciences hyperspectral imagery Hyperspectral imaging information processing Ink analysis Narrowband Principal components analysis Probability quantitative analysis Reduction Software Spectrum analysis t-SNE Visualisation Visualization |
| Title | Dimensionality reduction and visualisation of hyperspectral ink data using t-SNE |
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