The macrophage: a key player in the pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathies

Macrophages are present in all mammalian tissues and coexist with various cell types in order to respond to different environmental cues. However, the role of these cells has been underestimated in the context of peripheral nerve damage. More importantly, macrophages display divergent characteristic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neuroinflammation Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 97 - 18
Main Authors: Msheik, Zeina, El Massry, Mohamed, Rovini, Amandine, Billet, Fabrice, Desmoulière, Alexis
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 16.04.2022
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Bone marrow
Cell activation
Cell fate
Development and progression
Divergence
Fate maps
Genotype & phenotype
Growth factors
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Immunology
Inflammation
Insects
Macrophage polarization
Macrophages
Macrophages - pathology
Mammals
Metabolism
Microenvironments
Nerve-resident macrophages
Nervous system
Neurobiology
Neurodegeneration
Neuroinflammation
Neurology
Neurosciences
Ontogeny
Oxidative stress
Peripheral Nerve Injuries - pathology
Peripheral nerves
Peripheral Nerves - pathology
Peripheral neuropathy
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Polyneuropathies
Reactive oxygen species
Review
Risk factors
Schwann Cells - pathology
Transcriptomics
Wallerian degeneration
Wallerian Degeneration - pathology
France
Oxidative stress
Neuroinflammation
Macrophage polarization
Wallerian degeneration
Peripheral neuropathy
Nerve-resident macrophages
ISSN:1742-2094, 1742-2094
Online Access:Get full text
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Description
Summary:Macrophages are present in all mammalian tissues and coexist with various cell types in order to respond to different environmental cues. However, the role of these cells has been underestimated in the context of peripheral nerve damage. More importantly, macrophages display divergent characteristics, associated with their origin, and in response to the modulatory effects of their microenvironment. Interestingly, the advent of new techniques such as fate mapping and single-cell transcriptomics and their synergistic use has helped characterize in detail the origin and fate of tissue-resident macrophages in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Furthermore, these techniques have allowed a better understanding of their functions from simple homeostatic supervisors to chief regulators in peripheral neuropathies. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge about macrophage ontogeny, function and tissue identity, with a particular focus on PNS-associated cells, as well as their interaction with reactive oxygen species under physiological and pathological conditions. We then revisit the process of Wallerian degeneration, describing the events accompanying axon degeneration, Schwann cell activation and most importantly, macrophage recruitment to the site of injury. Finally, we review these processes in light of internal and external insults to peripheral nerves leading to peripheral neuropathies, the involvement of macrophages and the potential benefit of the targeting of specific macrophages for the alleviation of functional defects in the PNS. Graphical Abstract
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ISSN:1742-2094
1742-2094
DOI:10.1186/s12974-022-02454-6