EAACI statement on the diagnosis, management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines

The first approved COVID‐19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA‐1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1‐S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA‐based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Unio...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Allergy (Copenhagen) Jg. 76; H. 6; S. 1629 - 1639
Hauptverfasser:	Sokolowska, Milena, Eiwegger, Thomas, Ollert, Markus, Torres, Maria J., Barber, Domingo, Del Giacco, Stefano, Jutel, Marek, Nadeau, Kari C., Palomares, Oscar, Rabin, Ronald L., Riggioni, Carmen, Vieths, Stefan, Agache, Ioana, Shamji, Mohamed H.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Denmark Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2021 John Wiley and Sons Inc
Schlagworte:	Allergens Allergies Anaphylaxis COVID COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Diagnosis Dosage Eaaci Position Paper Eaaci Position Papers Immunization Immunogenicity Medical diagnosis mRNA Patients Regulatory agencies SARS‐CoV Vaccines virus
ISSN:	0105-4538, 1398-9995, 1398-9995
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	The first approved COVID‐19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA‐1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1‐S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA‐based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Union, Unites States and the United Kingdom agree that vaccinations are contraindicated only when there is an allergy to one of the vaccine components or if there was a severe allergic reaction to the first dose. This position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) agrees with these recommendations and clarifies that there is no contraindication to administer these vaccines to allergic patients who do not have a history of an allergic reaction to any of the vaccine components. Importantly, as is the case for any medication, anaphylaxis may occur after vaccination in the absence of a history of allergic disease. Therefore, we provide a simplified algorithm of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe allergic reactions and a list of recommended medications and equipment for vaccine centres. We also describe potentially allergenic/immunogenic components of the approved vaccines and propose a workup to identify the responsible allergen. Close collaboration between academia, regulatory agencies and vaccine producers will facilitate approaches for patients at risks, such as incremental dosing of the second injection or desensitization. Finally, we identify unmet research needs and propose a concerted international roadmap towards precision diagnosis and management to minimize the risk of allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines and to facilitate their broader and safer use.
AbstractList	The first approved COVID-19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA-1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1-S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA-based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Union, Unites States and the United Kingdom agree that vaccinations are contraindicated only when there is an allergy to one of the vaccine components or if there was a severe allergic reaction to the first dose. This position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) agrees with these recommendations and clarifies that there is no contraindication to administer these vaccines to allergic patients who do not have a history of an allergic reaction to any of the vaccine components. Importantly, as is the case for any medication, anaphylaxis may occur after vaccination in the absence of a history of allergic disease. Therefore, we provide a simplified algorithm of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe allergic reactions and a list of recommended medications and equipment for vaccine centres. We also describe potentially allergenic/immunogenic components of the approved vaccines and propose a workup to identify the responsible allergen. Close collaboration between academia, regulatory agencies and vaccine producers will facilitate approaches for patients at risks, such as incremental dosing of the second injection or desensitisation. Finally, we identify unmet research needs and propose a concerted international roadmap towards precision diagnosis and management to minimise the risk of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines and to facilitate their broader and safer use. The first approved COVID‐19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA‐1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1‐S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA‐based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Union, Unites States and the United Kingdom agree that vaccinations are contraindicated only when there is an allergy to one of the vaccine components or if there was a severe allergic reaction to the first dose. This position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) agrees with these recommendations and clarifies that there is no contraindication to administer these vaccines to allergic patients who do not have a history of an allergic reaction to any of the vaccine components. Importantly, as is the case for any medication, anaphylaxis may occur after vaccination in the absence of a history of allergic disease. Therefore, we provide a simplified algorithm of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe allergic reactions and a list of recommended medications and equipment for vaccine centres. We also describe potentially allergenic/immunogenic components of the approved vaccines and propose a workup to identify the responsible allergen. Close collaboration between academia, regulatory agencies and vaccine producers will facilitate approaches for patients at risks, such as incremental dosing of the second injection or desensitization. Finally, we identify unmet research needs and propose a concerted international roadmap towards precision diagnosis and management to minimize the risk of allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines and to facilitate their broader and safer use. The first approved COVID-19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA-1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1-S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA-based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Union, Unites States and the United Kingdom agree that vaccinations are contraindicated only when there is an allergy to one of the vaccine components or if there was a severe allergic reaction to the first dose. This position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) agrees with these recommendations and clarifies that there is no contraindication to administer these vaccines to allergic patients who do not have a history of an allergic reaction to any of the vaccine components. Importantly, as is the case for any medication, anaphylaxis may occur after vaccination in the absence of a history of allergic disease. Therefore, we provide a simplified algorithm of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe allergic reactions and a list of recommended medications and equipment for vaccine centres. We also describe potentially allergenic/immunogenic components of the approved vaccines and propose a workup to identify the responsible allergen. Close collaboration between academia, regulatory agencies and vaccine producers will facilitate approaches for patients at risks, such as incremental dosing of the second injection or desensitization. Finally, we identify unmet research needs and propose a concerted international roadmap towards precision diagnosis and management to minimize the risk of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines and to facilitate their broader and safer use.The first approved COVID-19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA-1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1-S. Soon after approval, severe allergic reactions to the mRNA-based vaccines that resolved after treatment were reported. Regulatory agencies from the European Union, Unites States and the United Kingdom agree that vaccinations are contraindicated only when there is an allergy to one of the vaccine components or if there was a severe allergic reaction to the first dose. This position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) agrees with these recommendations and clarifies that there is no contraindication to administer these vaccines to allergic patients who do not have a history of an allergic reaction to any of the vaccine components. Importantly, as is the case for any medication, anaphylaxis may occur after vaccination in the absence of a history of allergic disease. Therefore, we provide a simplified algorithm of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of severe allergic reactions and a list of recommended medications and equipment for vaccine centres. We also describe potentially allergenic/immunogenic components of the approved vaccines and propose a workup to identify the responsible allergen. Close collaboration between academia, regulatory agencies and vaccine producers will facilitate approaches for patients at risks, such as incremental dosing of the second injection or desensitization. Finally, we identify unmet research needs and propose a concerted international roadmap towards precision diagnosis and management to minimize the risk of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines and to facilitate their broader and safer use.
Author	Riggioni, Carmen Shamji, Mohamed H. Agache, Ioana Vieths, Stefan Sokolowska, Milena Del Giacco, Stefano Ollert, Markus Barber, Domingo Palomares, Oscar Rabin, Ronald L. Torres, Maria J. Nadeau, Kari C. Eiwegger, Thomas Jutel, Marek
AuthorAffiliation	5 Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg 19 Transylvania University Brasov Romania 16 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Paediatrics Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland 11 Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA 9 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy 6 Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis Odense University Hospital University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark 12 Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA 20 Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Inflammation, Repair and Development National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 11 Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University Stanford University Stanford CA USA – name: 3 Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada – name: 16 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department of Paediatrics Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore – name: 18 Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Paul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 51‐59 Langen 63225 Germany – name: 5 Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg – name: 6 Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis Odense University Hospital University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark – name: 9 Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy – name: 8 Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA Universidad San Pablo‐CEU CEU Universities Madrid España – name: 10 Department of Clinical Immunology Wrocław Medical University Wrocław Poland – name: 15 Office of Vaccines Research and Review Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research US Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA – name: 19 Transylvania University Brasov Romania – name: 4 Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada – name: 1 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland – name: 13 Department of Medicine Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Stanford University Stanford CA USA – name: 17 Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona Spain – name: 14 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Chemistry School Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain – name: 20 Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Inflammation, Repair and Development National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London. Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma London UK – name: 12 Department of Medicine Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA USA – name: 7 AllergyClinical Unit Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga‐UMA‐ARADyAL Málaga Spain – name: 2 Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
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Copyright	2021 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 2021 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S
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Notes	Ronald L. Rabin’s contribution to this manuscript represent his own best judgment and do not bind or obligate the US Food and Drug Administration. Milena Sokolowska, Thomas Eiwegger, Markus Ollert, Maria J Torres contributed equally. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
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Snippet	The first approved COVID‐19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA‐1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1‐S. Soon after approval,... The first approved COVID-19 vaccines include Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162B2, Moderna mRNA-1273 and AstraZeneca recombinant adenoviral ChAdOx1-S. Soon after approval,...
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SubjectTerms	Allergens Allergies Anaphylaxis COVID COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Diagnosis Dosage Eaaci Position Paper Eaaci Position Papers Immunization Immunogenicity Medical diagnosis mRNA Patients Regulatory agencies SARS‐CoV Vaccines virus
Title	EAACI statement on the diagnosis, management and prevention of severe allergic reactions to COVID‐19 vaccines
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