Anxiety, depression and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a cross-sectional survey

Multiple survey studies have demonstrated a mental health (MH) burden of COVID-19 globally. However, few studies have examined relevant risk factors for pandemic-related MH issues. A link to an online survey was posted from April 8th - June 11th, 2020 which included questions regarding COVID-19 expe...

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Vydané v:	Journal of psychiatric research Ročník 137; s. 96 - 103
Hlavní autori:	Turna, Jasmine, Zhang, Jasmine, Lamberti, Nina, Patterson, Beth, Simpson, William, Francisco, Ana Paula, Bergmann, Carolina Goldman, Ameringen, Michael Van
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd
Predmet:	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging - psychology Anxiety Anxiety - epidemiology Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology Canada - epidemiology Coronavirus COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Depression Depression - epidemiology Female Humans Internet Use - statistics & numerical data Male Mental health Middle Aged Pandemics Stress Stress, Psychological - epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Young Adult Canada COVID-19 Depression Anxiety Coronavirus Stress Mental health
ISSN:	0022-3956, 1879-1379, 1879-1379
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Abstract	Multiple survey studies have demonstrated a mental health (MH) burden of COVID-19 globally. However, few studies have examined relevant risk factors for pandemic-related MH issues. A link to an online survey was posted from April 8th - June 11th, 2020 which included questions regarding COVID-19 experience, perceived impact of the pandemic on life domains (e.g., social communication, finances), behavioural alterations (e.g., online activities, substance use), and MH treatment history. Current psychiatric symptom severity and impairment were evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Overall, 632 individuals (82% female, mean age:42.04 ± 16.56) in Canada and the United States completed the survey. While few reported contracting COVID-19 (0.5%), the impact of the pandemic was evident, with a vast majority reporting anxiety around COVID-19 infecting loved ones (88%). Almost half (43%) reported previous MH treatment and 31% met criteria for GAD, 29% for MDD and 63% reported significantly high levels of stress. Female sex, younger age and past MH treatment emerged as significant predictors of these issues(p < .01). Age-related differences in the impact of COVID-19 on life domains, substance use, and online activity were also noted. The findings from the current sample add to the growing literature suggesting negative effects of COVID-19 on MH, while highlighting specific risk factors. Age may be an important factor in predicting MH during this pandemic.
AbstractList	Multiple survey studies have demonstrated a mental health (MH) burden of COVID-19 globally. However, few studies have examined relevant risk factors for pandemic-related MH issues.BACKGROUNDMultiple survey studies have demonstrated a mental health (MH) burden of COVID-19 globally. However, few studies have examined relevant risk factors for pandemic-related MH issues.A link to an online survey was posted from April 8th - June 11th, 2020 which included questions regarding COVID-19 experience, perceived impact of the pandemic on life domains (e.g., social communication, finances), behavioural alterations (e.g., online activities, substance use), and MH treatment history. Current psychiatric symptom severity and impairment were evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Perceived Stress Scale.METHODSA link to an online survey was posted from April 8th - June 11th, 2020 which included questions regarding COVID-19 experience, perceived impact of the pandemic on life domains (e.g., social communication, finances), behavioural alterations (e.g., online activities, substance use), and MH treatment history. Current psychiatric symptom severity and impairment were evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Perceived Stress Scale.Overall, 632 individuals (82% female, mean age:42.04 ± 16.56) in Canada and the United States completed the survey. While few reported contracting COVID-19 (0.5%), the impact of the pandemic was evident, with a vast majority reporting anxiety around COVID-19 infecting loved ones (88%). Almost half (43%) reported previous MH treatment and 31% met criteria for GAD, 29% for MDD and 63% reported significantly high levels of stress. Female sex, younger age and past MH treatment emerged as significant predictors of these issues(p < .01). Age-related differences in the impact of COVID-19 on life domains, substance use, and online activity were also noted.RESULTSOverall, 632 individuals (82% female, mean age:42.04 ± 16.56) in Canada and the United States completed the survey. While few reported contracting COVID-19 (0.5%), the impact of the pandemic was evident, with a vast majority reporting anxiety around COVID-19 infecting loved ones (88%). Almost half (43%) reported previous MH treatment and 31% met criteria for GAD, 29% for MDD and 63% reported significantly high levels of stress. Female sex, younger age and past MH treatment emerged as significant predictors of these issues(p < .01). Age-related differences in the impact of COVID-19 on life domains, substance use, and online activity were also noted.The findings from the current sample add to the growing literature suggesting negative effects of COVID-19 on MH, while highlighting specific risk factors. Age may be an important factor in predicting MH during this pandemic.CONCLUSIONThe findings from the current sample add to the growing literature suggesting negative effects of COVID-19 on MH, while highlighting specific risk factors. Age may be an important factor in predicting MH during this pandemic. Multiple survey studies have demonstrated a mental health (MH) burden of COVID-19 globally. However, few studies have examined relevant risk factors for pandemic-related MH issues. A link to an online survey was posted from April 8th - June 11th, 2020 which included questions regarding COVID-19 experience, perceived impact of the pandemic on life domains (e.g., social communication, finances), behavioural alterations (e.g., online activities, substance use), and MH treatment history. Current psychiatric symptom severity and impairment were evaluated using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Overall, 632 individuals (82% female, mean age:42.04 ± 16.56) in Canada and the United States completed the survey. While few reported contracting COVID-19 (0.5%), the impact of the pandemic was evident, with a vast majority reporting anxiety around COVID-19 infecting loved ones (88%). Almost half (43%) reported previous MH treatment and 31% met criteria for GAD, 29% for MDD and 63% reported significantly high levels of stress. Female sex, younger age and past MH treatment emerged as significant predictors of these issues(p < .01). Age-related differences in the impact of COVID-19 on life domains, substance use, and online activity were also noted. The findings from the current sample add to the growing literature suggesting negative effects of COVID-19 on MH, while highlighting specific risk factors. Age may be an important factor in predicting MH during this pandemic.
Author	Patterson, Beth Francisco, Ana Paula Turna, Jasmine Zhang, Jasmine Lamberti, Nina Simpson, William Ameringen, Michael Van Bergmann, Carolina Goldman
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Jasmine surname: Turna fullname: Turna, Jasmine organization: Michael G DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research and Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada – sequence: 2 givenname: Jasmine surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Jasmine organization: MacAnxiety Research Centre, McMaster University MacAnxiety Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada – sequence: 3 givenname: Nina surname: Lamberti fullname: Lamberti, Nina organization: MacAnxiety Research Centre, McMaster University MacAnxiety Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada – sequence: 4 givenname: Beth surname: Patterson fullname: Patterson, Beth organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada – sequence: 5 givenname: William surname: Simpson fullname: Simpson, William organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada – sequence: 6 givenname: Ana Paula surname: Francisco fullname: Francisco, Ana Paula organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada – sequence: 7 givenname: Carolina Goldman orcidid: 0000-0001-7464-0316 surname: Bergmann fullname: Bergmann, Carolina Goldman organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada – sequence: 8 givenname: Michael Van orcidid: 0000-0002-4357-5184 surname: Ameringen fullname: Ameringen, Michael Van email: vanamer@mcmaster.ca organization: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Canada
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33667763$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	COVID-19 Depression Anxiety Coronavirus Stress Mental health
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Snippet	Multiple survey studies have demonstrated a mental health (MH) burden of COVID-19 globally. However, few studies have examined relevant risk factors for...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging - psychology Anxiety Anxiety - epidemiology Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology Canada - epidemiology Coronavirus COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Depression Depression - epidemiology Female Humans Internet Use - statistics & numerical data Male Mental health Middle Aged Pandemics Stress Stress, Psychological - epidemiology Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology Young Adult
Title	Anxiety, depression and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a cross-sectional survey
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