Intuitive visualizations of pitch and loudness in speech

Visualizing acoustic features of speech has proven helpful in speech therapy; however, it is as yet unclear how to create intuitive and fitting visualizations. To better understand the mappings from speech sound aspects to visual space, a large web-based experiment ( n = 249) was performed to evalu...

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Published in:	Psychonomic bulletin & review Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 548 - 555
Main Authors:	Schaefer, Rebecca S., Beijer, Lilian J., Seuskens, Wiel, Rietveld, Toni C. M., Sadakata, Makiko
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 01.04.2016 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Adult Aged Behavioral Science and Psychology Brief Report Cognitive Psychology Feedback Female Humans Loudness Perception - physiology Male Middle Aged Pitch Perception - physiology Psychology Second language learning Sound Speech Perception - physiology Speech therapy Visual Perception - physiology Young Adult Feedback learning Audio-visual processing Visualizing sound Speech therapy
ISSN:	1069-9384, 1531-5320, 1531-5320
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Abstract	Visualizing acoustic features of speech has proven helpful in speech therapy; however, it is as yet unclear how to create intuitive and fitting visualizations. To better understand the mappings from speech sound aspects to visual space, a large web-based experiment ( n = 249) was performed to evaluate spatial parameters that may optimally represent pitch and loudness of speech. To this end, five novel animated visualizations were developed and presented in pairwise comparisons, together with a static visualization. Pitch and loudness of speech were each mapped onto either the vertical ( y -axis) or the size ( z -axis) dimension, or combined (with size indicating loudness and vertical position indicating pitch height) and visualized as an animation along the horizontal dimension ( x -axis) over time. The results indicated that firstly, there is a general preference towards the use of the y -axis for both pitch and loudness, with pitch ranking higher than loudness in terms of fit. Secondly, the data suggest that representing both pitch and loudness combined in a single visualization is preferred over visualization in only one dimension. Finally, the z -axis, although not preferred, was evaluated as corresponding better to loudness than to pitch. This relation between sound and visual space has not been reported previously for speech sounds, and elaborates earlier findings on musical material. In addition to elucidating more general mappings between auditory and visual modalities, the findings provide us with a method of visualizing speech that may be helpful in clinical applications such as computerized speech therapy, or other feedback-based learning paradigms.
AbstractList	Visualizing acoustic features of speech has proven helpful in speech therapy; however, it is as yet unclear how to create intuitive and fitting visualizations. To better understand the mappings from speech sound aspects to visual space, a large web-based experiment (n = 249) was performed to evaluate spatial parameters that may optimally represent pitch and loudness of speech. To this end, five novel animated visualizations were developed and presented in pairwise comparisons, together with a static visualization. Pitch and loudness of speech were each mapped onto either the vertical (y-axis) or the size (z-axis) dimension, or combined (with size indicating loudness and vertical position indicating pitch height) and visualized as an animation along the horizontal dimension (x-axis) over time. The results indicated that firstly, there is a general preference towards the use of the y-axis for both pitch and loudness, with pitch ranking higher than loudness in terms of fit. Secondly, the data suggest that representing both pitch and loudness combined in a single visualization is preferred over visualization in only one dimension. Finally, the z-axis, although not preferred, was evaluated as corresponding better to loudness than to pitch. This relation between sound and visual space has not been reported previously for speech sounds, and elaborates earlier findings on musical material. In addition to elucidating more general mappings between auditory and visual modalities, the findings provide us with a method of visualizing speech that may be helpful in clinical applications such as computerized speech therapy, or other feedback-based learning paradigms. Visualizing acoustic features of speech has proven helpful in speech therapy; however, it is as yet unclear how to create intuitive and fitting visualizations. To better understand the mappings from speech sound aspects to visual space, a large web-based experiment ( n = 249) was performed to evaluate spatial parameters that may optimally represent pitch and loudness of speech. To this end, five novel animated visualizations were developed and presented in pairwise comparisons, together with a static visualization. Pitch and loudness of speech were each mapped onto either the vertical ( y -axis) or the size ( z -axis) dimension, or combined (with size indicating loudness and vertical position indicating pitch height) and visualized as an animation along the horizontal dimension ( x -axis) over time. The results indicated that firstly, there is a general preference towards the use of the y -axis for both pitch and loudness, with pitch ranking higher than loudness in terms of fit. Secondly, the data suggest that representing both pitch and loudness combined in a single visualization is preferred over visualization in only one dimension. Finally, the z -axis, although not preferred, was evaluated as corresponding better to loudness than to pitch. This relation between sound and visual space has not been reported previously for speech sounds, and elaborates earlier findings on musical material. In addition to elucidating more general mappings between auditory and visual modalities, the findings provide us with a method of visualizing speech that may be helpful in clinical applications such as computerized speech therapy, or other feedback-based learning paradigms. Visualizing acoustic features of speech has proven helpful in speech therapy; however, it is as yet unclear how to create intuitive and fitting visualizations. To better understand the mappings from speech sound aspects to visual space, a large web-based experiment (n = 249) was performed to evaluate spatial parameters that may optimally represent pitch and loudness of speech. To this end, five novel animated visualizations were developed and presented in pairwise comparisons, together with a static visualization. Pitch and loudness of speech were each mapped onto either the vertical (y-axis) or the size (z-axis) dimension, or combined (with size indicating loudness and vertical position indicating pitch height) and visualized as an animation along the horizontal dimension (x-axis) over time. The results indicated that firstly, there is a general preference towards the use of the y-axis for both pitch and loudness, with pitch ranking higher than loudness in terms of fit. Secondly, the data suggest that representing both pitch and loudness combined in a single visualization is preferred over visualization in only one dimension. Finally, the z-axis, although not preferred, was evaluated as corresponding better to loudness than to pitch. This relation between sound and visual space has not been reported previously for speech sounds, and elaborates earlier findings on musical material. In addition to elucidating more general mappings between auditory and visual modalities, the findings provide us with a method of visualizing speech that may be helpful in clinical applications such as computerized speech therapy, or other feedback-based learning paradigms.Visualizing acoustic features of speech has proven helpful in speech therapy; however, it is as yet unclear how to create intuitive and fitting visualizations. To better understand the mappings from speech sound aspects to visual space, a large web-based experiment (n = 249) was performed to evaluate spatial parameters that may optimally represent pitch and loudness of speech. To this end, five novel animated visualizations were developed and presented in pairwise comparisons, together with a static visualization. Pitch and loudness of speech were each mapped onto either the vertical (y-axis) or the size (z-axis) dimension, or combined (with size indicating loudness and vertical position indicating pitch height) and visualized as an animation along the horizontal dimension (x-axis) over time. The results indicated that firstly, there is a general preference towards the use of the y-axis for both pitch and loudness, with pitch ranking higher than loudness in terms of fit. Secondly, the data suggest that representing both pitch and loudness combined in a single visualization is preferred over visualization in only one dimension. Finally, the z-axis, although not preferred, was evaluated as corresponding better to loudness than to pitch. This relation between sound and visual space has not been reported previously for speech sounds, and elaborates earlier findings on musical material. In addition to elucidating more general mappings between auditory and visual modalities, the findings provide us with a method of visualizing speech that may be helpful in clinical applications such as computerized speech therapy, or other feedback-based learning paradigms.
Author	Beijer, Lilian J. Seuskens, Wiel Sadakata, Makiko Rietveld, Toni C. M. Schaefer, Rebecca S.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Rebecca S. surname: Schaefer fullname: Schaefer, Rebecca S. email: r.s.schaefer@fsw.leidenuniv.nl organization: Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University – sequence: 2 givenname: Lilian J. surname: Beijer fullname: Beijer, Lilian J. organization: Sint Maartenskliniek Research – sequence: 3 givenname: Wiel surname: Seuskens fullname: Seuskens, Wiel organization: Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition – sequence: 4 givenname: Toni C. M. surname: Rietveld fullname: Rietveld, Toni C. M. organization: Sint Maartenskliniek Research, Department of Linguistics, Radboud University Nijmegen – sequence: 5 givenname: Makiko surname: Sadakata fullname: Sadakata, Makiko organization: Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, The Institute for Logic, Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam
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CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1177_2059204321997709 crossref_primary_10_1111_bjet_12640 crossref_primary_10_1109_THMS_2020_2989380 crossref_primary_10_1089_tmj_2018_0050 crossref_primary_10_1109_TVCG_2023_3326932
Cites_doi	10.1007/s00426-010-0291-6 10.1177/0956797612457374 10.3758/BF03193720 10.1044/1092-4388(2010/10-0020) 10.1002/1531-8257(200011)15:6<1125::AID-MDS1010>3.0.CO;2-R 10.1080/09298210802322401 10.1044/1058-0360(2012/11-0007) 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.10.013 10.1525/mp.2006.23.3.221 10.3109/00206097909072618 10.1089/tmj.2009.0183 10.1016/j.cognition.2005.01.004 10.1177/0956797609354734 10.1089/tmj.2009.0104 10.1121/1.414872 10.1080/09298210701653310 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00178.x 10.1016/j.cortex.2007.08.010 10.3758/s13414-010-0073-7 10.1177/0305735613482022 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2011.05.002 10.1109/89.848226 10.3758/BF03209757 10.2478/v10168-010-0027-z 10.1016/j.compedu.2013.11.008 10.3109/02699206.2014.936627 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00183 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00789 10.1177/002383098302600402 10.18061/emr.v8i3-4.3940 10.1212/01.WNL.0000044480.95458.56
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Keywords	Feedback learning Audio-visual processing Visualizing sound Speech therapy
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Snippet	Visualizing acoustic features of speech has proven helpful in speech therapy; however, it is as yet unclear how to create intuitive and fitting visualizations....
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Behavioral Science and Psychology Brief Report Cognitive Psychology Feedback Female Humans Loudness Perception - physiology Male Middle Aged Pitch Perception - physiology Psychology Second language learning Sound Speech Perception - physiology Speech therapy Visual Perception - physiology Young Adult
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Title	Intuitive visualizations of pitch and loudness in speech
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