Green fluorescent protein based pH indicators for in vivo use: a review

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants have been used as fluorescent reporters in a variety of applications for monitoring dynamic processes in cells and organisms, including gene expression, protein localization, and intracellular dynamics. GFP fluorescence is stable, species-independent,...

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Vydáno v:	Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Ročník 393; číslo 4; s. 1107 - 1122
Hlavní autoři:	Bizzarri, Ranieri, Serresi, Michela, Luin, Stefano, Beltram, Fabio
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Berlin/Heidelberg Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag 01.02.2009 Springer-Verlag
Témata:	absorption Analytical Chemistry Biochemistry Biomedical materials biosensors Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science dyes Dynamics Flow Cytometry Fluorescence fluorescence microscopy Fluorescence/luminescence Food Science gene expression green fluorescent protein Green Fluorescent Proteins Green Fluorescent Proteins - chemistry Hydrogen-Ion Concentration image analysis In vivo tests Indicators Laboratory Medicine Microscopy, Fluorescence monitoring Monitoring/Environmental Analysis Optical sensors pH measurements phenol Proteins Review Spectroscopy/theory Surgical implants Spectroscopy/theory Biosensors Optical sensors Fluorescence/luminescence pH measurements
ISSN:	1618-2642, 1618-2650, 1618-2650
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants have been used as fluorescent reporters in a variety of applications for monitoring dynamic processes in cells and organisms, including gene expression, protein localization, and intracellular dynamics. GFP fluorescence is stable, species-independent, and can be monitored noninvasively in living cells by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or macroscopic imaging techniques. Owing to the presence of a phenol group on the chromophore, most GFP variants display pH-sensitive absorption and fluorescence bands. Such behavior has been exploited to genetically engineer encodable pH indicators for studies of pH regulation within specific intracellular compartments that cannot be probed using conventional pH-sensitive dyes. These pH indicators contributed to shedding light on a number of cell functions for which intracellular pH is an important modulator. In this review we discuss the photophysical properties that make GFPs so special as pH indicators for in vivo use and we describe the probes that are utilized most by the scientific community.
Bibliografie:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2515-9 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 ObjectType-Review-3
ISSN:	1618-2642 1618-2650 1618-2650
DOI:	10.1007/s00216-008-2515-9