Synthesis and future research directions linking tree diversity to growth, survival, and damage in a global network of tree diversity experiments
•TreeDivNet is a global network of 25 tree biodiversity experiments.•A review of 158 publications reveals diversity affects tree growth, survival, and damage.•Research addresses mechanisms of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships.•Tree diversity experiments expand upon past grassland dive...
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| Published in: | Environmental and experimental botany Vol. 152; pp. 68 - 89 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier B.V
01.08.2018
Elsevier |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 0098-8472, 1873-7307, 1873-7307 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | •TreeDivNet is a global network of 25 tree biodiversity experiments.•A review of 158 publications reveals diversity affects tree growth, survival, and damage.•Research addresses mechanisms of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships.•Tree diversity experiments expand upon past grassland diversity research.
Despite considerable research demonstrating that biodiversity increases productivity in forests and regulates herbivory and pathogen damage, there remain gaps in our understanding of the shape, magnitude, and generality of these biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Here, we review findings from TreeDivNet, a global network of 25 tree diversity experiments, on relationships between levels of biodiversity and (a) tree growth and survival and (b) damage to trees from pests and pathogens. Tree diversity often improved the survival and above- and belowground growth of young trees. The mechanistic bases of the diversity effects on tree growth and survival include both selection effects (i.e., an increasing impact of particular species in more species-rich communities) and complementary effects (e.g. related to resource differentiation and facilitation). Plant traits and abiotic stressors may mediate these relationships. Studies of the responses of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage have demonstrated that trees in more diverse experimental plots may experience more, less, or similar damage compared to conspecific trees in less diverse plots. Documented mechanisms producing these patterns include changes in concentration, frequency, and apparency of hosts; herbivore and pathogen diet breadth; the spatial scale of interactions; and herbivore and pathogen regulation by natural enemies. Our review of findings from TreeDivNet indicates that tree diversity experiments are extending BEF research across systems and scales, complementing previous BEF work in grasslands by providing opportunities to use remote sensing and spectral approaches to study BEF dynamics, integrate belowground and aboveground approaches, and trace the consequences of tree physiology for ecosystem functioning. This extension of BEF research into tree-dominated systems is improving ecologists’ capacity to understand the mechanistic bases behind BEF relationships. Tree diversity experiments also present opportunities for novel research. Since experimental tree diversity plantations enable measurements at tree, neighbourhood and plot level, they allow for explicit consideration of temporal and spatial scales in BEF dynamics. Presently, most TreeDivNet experiments have run for less than ten years. Given the longevity of trees, exciting results on BEF relationships are expected in the future. |
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| AbstractList | Despite considerable research demonstrating that biodiversity increases productivity in forests and regulates herbivory and pathogen damage, there remain gaps in our understanding of the shape, magnitude, and generality of these biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Here, we review findings from TreeDivNet, a global network of 25 tree diversity experiments, on relationships between levels of biodiversity and (a) tree growth and survival and (b) damage to trees from pests and pathogens. Tree diversity often improved the survival and above- and belowground growth of young trees. The mechanistic bases of the diversity effects on tree growth and survival include both selection effects (i.e., an increasing impact of particular species in more species-rich communities) and complementary effects (e.g. related to resource differentiation and facilitation). Plant traits and abiotic stressors may mediate these relationships. Studies of the responses of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage have demonstrated that trees in more diverse experimental plots may experience more, less, or similar damage compared to conspecific trees in less diverse plots. Documented mechanisms producing these patterns include changes in concentration, frequency, and apparency of hosts; herbivore and pathogen diet breadth; the spatial scale of interactions; and herbivore and pathogen regulation by natural enemies. Our review of findings from TreeDivNet indicates that tree diversity experiments are extending BEF research across systems and scales, complementing previous BEF work in grasslands by providing opportunities to use remote sensing and spectral approaches to study BEF dynamics, integrate belowground and aboveground approaches, and trace the consequences of tree physiology for ecosystem functioning. This extension of BEF research into tree-dominated systems is improving ecologists’ capacity to understand the mechanistic bases behind BEF relationships. Tree diversity experiments also present opportunities for novel research. Since experimental tree diversity plantations enable measurements at tree, neighbourhood and plot level, they allow for explicit consideration of temporal and spatial scales in BEF dynamics. Presently, most TreeDivNet experiments have run for less than ten years. Given the longevity of trees, exciting results on BEF relationships are expected in the future. •TreeDivNet is a global network of 25 tree biodiversity experiments.•A review of 158 publications reveals diversity affects tree growth, survival, and damage.•Research addresses mechanisms of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships.•Tree diversity experiments expand upon past grassland diversity research. Despite considerable research demonstrating that biodiversity increases productivity in forests and regulates herbivory and pathogen damage, there remain gaps in our understanding of the shape, magnitude, and generality of these biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships. Here, we review findings from TreeDivNet, a global network of 25 tree diversity experiments, on relationships between levels of biodiversity and (a) tree growth and survival and (b) damage to trees from pests and pathogens. Tree diversity often improved the survival and above- and belowground growth of young trees. The mechanistic bases of the diversity effects on tree growth and survival include both selection effects (i.e., an increasing impact of particular species in more species-rich communities) and complementary effects (e.g. related to resource differentiation and facilitation). Plant traits and abiotic stressors may mediate these relationships. Studies of the responses of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivory and pathogen damage have demonstrated that trees in more diverse experimental plots may experience more, less, or similar damage compared to conspecific trees in less diverse plots. Documented mechanisms producing these patterns include changes in concentration, frequency, and apparency of hosts; herbivore and pathogen diet breadth; the spatial scale of interactions; and herbivore and pathogen regulation by natural enemies. Our review of findings from TreeDivNet indicates that tree diversity experiments are extending BEF research across systems and scales, complementing previous BEF work in grasslands by providing opportunities to use remote sensing and spectral approaches to study BEF dynamics, integrate belowground and aboveground approaches, and trace the consequences of tree physiology for ecosystem functioning. This extension of BEF research into tree-dominated systems is improving ecologists’ capacity to understand the mechanistic bases behind BEF relationships. Tree diversity experiments also present opportunities for novel research. Since experimental tree diversity plantations enable measurements at tree, neighbourhood and plot level, they allow for explicit consideration of temporal and spatial scales in BEF dynamics. Presently, most TreeDivNet experiments have run for less than ten years. Given the longevity of trees, exciting results on BEF relationships are expected in the future. |
| Author | Mereu, Simone Nock, Charles Parker, John Bauhus, Jürgen Vanhellemont, Margot Messier, Christian Muys, Bart Staab, Michael Verheyen, Kris Grossman, Jake J. Schuldt, Andreas Ponette, Quentin Cavender-Bares, Jeannine Gravel, Dominique Reich, Peter B. Paquette, Alain Barsoum, Nadia Jactel, Hervé Bruelheide, Helge Ferlian, Olga Zemp, Delphine Clara Kreft, Holger Perring, Michael P. Weih, Martin Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael Castagneyrol, Bastien Eisenhauer, Nico Hector, Andy |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jake J. surname: Grossman fullname: Grossman, Jake J. email: gross679@umn.edu organization: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Margot surname: Vanhellemont fullname: Vanhellemont, Margot organization: Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium – sequence: 3 givenname: Nadia surname: Barsoum fullname: Barsoum, Nadia organization: Centre for Ecosystems, Society, and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Jürgen surname: Bauhus fullname: Bauhus, Jürgen organization: Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Freiburg University, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: Helge surname: Bruelheide fullname: Bruelheide, Helge organization: Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Bastien surname: Castagneyrol fullname: Castagneyrol, Bastien organization: BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France – sequence: 7 givenname: Jeannine surname: Cavender-Bares fullname: Cavender-Bares, Jeannine organization: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Nico surname: Eisenhauer fullname: Eisenhauer, Nico organization: German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany – sequence: 9 givenname: Olga surname: Ferlian fullname: Ferlian, Olga organization: German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany – sequence: 10 givenname: Dominique surname: Gravel fullname: Gravel, Dominique organization: Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada – sequence: 11 givenname: Andy surname: Hector fullname: Hector, Andy organization: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK – sequence: 12 givenname: Hervé surname: Jactel fullname: Jactel, Hervé organization: BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France – sequence: 13 givenname: Holger surname: Kreft fullname: Kreft, Holger organization: Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany – sequence: 14 givenname: Simone surname: Mereu fullname: Mereu, Simone organization: Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada – sequence: 15 givenname: Christian surname: Messier fullname: Messier, Christian organization: Institute for the Study of Temperate Forests (ISFORT), University of Québec in Outaouais, 58 Rue Principale, Ripon, Québec J0 V 1V0, Canada – sequence: 16 givenname: Bart surname: Muys fullname: Muys, Bart organization: Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e—Box 2411, 3001 Leuven, Belgium – sequence: 17 givenname: Charles surname: Nock fullname: Nock, Charles organization: Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Freiburg University, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79108 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 18 givenname: Alain surname: Paquette fullname: Paquette, Alain organization: Centre for Forest Research, Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, P.O. Box 8888, Centre-ville Station, H3C 3P8 Quebec, Canada – sequence: 19 givenname: John surname: Parker fullname: Parker, John organization: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA – sequence: 20 givenname: Michael P. surname: Perring fullname: Perring, Michael P. organization: Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium – sequence: 21 givenname: Quentin surname: Ponette fullname: Ponette, Quentin organization: Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium – sequence: 22 givenname: Peter B. surname: Reich fullname: Reich, Peter B. organization: Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 1530 Cleveland Ave. N., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA – sequence: 23 givenname: Andreas surname: Schuldt fullname: Schuldt, Andreas organization: Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany – sequence: 24 givenname: Michael surname: Staab fullname: Staab, Michael organization: Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 25 givenname: Martin surname: Weih fullname: Weih, Martin organization: Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7043 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden – sequence: 26 givenname: Delphine Clara surname: Zemp fullname: Zemp, Delphine Clara organization: Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany – sequence: 27 givenname: Michael surname: Scherer-Lorenzen fullname: Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael organization: Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 28 givenname: Kris surname: Verheyen fullname: Verheyen, Kris organization: Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium |
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| Snippet | •TreeDivNet is a global network of 25 tree biodiversity experiments.•A review of 158 publications reveals diversity affects tree growth, survival, and... Despite considerable research demonstrating that biodiversity increases productivity in forests and regulates herbivory and pathogen damage, there remain gaps... |
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| SubjectTerms | abiotic stress Agricultural Science biodiversity Biodiversity experiment Ecology Ecophysiology Ekologi Environmental Sciences foraging forests grasslands herbivores Herbivory hosts invertebrates Jordbruksvetenskap Life Sciences longevity Miljövetenskap natural enemies Pathogens pests Plantation forest plantations remote sensing Research infrastructure tree growth trees vertebrates |
| Title | Synthesis and future research directions linking tree diversity to growth, survival, and damage in a global network of tree diversity experiments |
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