Detection of reactive oxygen species derived from the family of NOX NADPH oxidases

NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O2−•)-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution. They function as electron transport chains across membranes, using NADPH as electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen to O2−•. NOX have multiple...

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Published in:	Free radical biology & medicine Vol. 53; no. 10; pp. 1903 - 1918
Main Authors:	Maghzal, Ghassan J., Krause, Karl-Heinz, Stocker, Roland, Jaquet, Vincent
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Inc 15.11.2012
Subjects:	Biological Assay Biosensing Techniques Cell-Free System Cytochromes c - chemistry Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy electron transfer enzymes Fluorescence HPLC Hydrogen peroxide inflammation Mass spectrometry NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases - metabolism NADP (coenzyme) NADPH oxidase neutrophils NOX Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative stress oxygen Probes Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - analysis superoxide anion Superoxide anion radical Superoxides - analysis Tetrazolium Salts - chemistry tissue distribution Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species O2 Hydrogen peroxide E MRI Fluorescence H2O2 Superoxide anion radical TPO L-012 NADPH oxidase DUOX ONOO PG1 GSH Probes DCFH HPLC CGD NBT ESR MS SOD WST-1 ER AGT MCLA cpYFP HOCl NOX ROS DPI HE 2-OH-E Mass spectrometry PET
ISSN:	0891-5849, 1873-4596, 1873-4596
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Abstract	NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O2−•)-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution. They function as electron transport chains across membranes, using NADPH as electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen to O2−•. NOX have multiple biological functions, ranging from host defense to inflammation and cellular signaling. Measuring NOX activity is crucial in understanding the roles of these enzymes in physiology and pathology. Many of the methods used to measure NOX activity are based on the detection of small molecules that react with NOX-generated O2−• or its direct dismutation product hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form fluorescent, luminescent, or colored products. Initial techniques were developed to measure the activity of the phagocyte isoform NOX2 during the oxidative burst of stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which generate large quantities of O2−•. However, other members of the NOX family generate much less O2−• and hence H2O2, and their activity is difficult to distinguish from other sources of these reactive species. In addition, O2−• and H2O2 are reactive molecules and most probes are prone to artifacts and therefore should be used with appropriate controls and the data carefully interpreted. This review gives an overview of current methods used to measure NOX activity and NOX-derived O2−• and H2O2 in cells, tissues, isolated systems, and living organisms, describing the advantages and caveats of many established methods with emphasis on more recent technologies and future perspectives. [Display omitted] ► NOX enzymes have the sole known function to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). ► Distinguishing NOX from other sources of ROS requires careful experimentation. ► This review gives a snapshot of methods used to detect NOX-derived ROS in tissues. ► Promising new technologies are discussed for the measurement of NOX activity.
AbstractList	NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O₂ ⁻•)-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution. They function as electron transport chains across membranes, using NADPH as electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen to O₂ ⁻•. NOX have multiple biological functions, ranging from host defense to inflammation and cellular signaling. Measuring NOX activity is crucial in understanding the roles of these enzymes in physiology and pathology. Many of the methods used to measure NOX activity are based on the detection of small molecules that react with NOX-generated O₂ ⁻• or its direct dismutation product hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to form fluorescent, luminescent, or colored products. Initial techniques were developed to measure the activity of the phagocyte isoform NOX2 during the oxidative burst of stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which generate large quantities of O₂ ⁻•. However, other members of the NOX family generate much less O₂ ⁻• and hence H₂O₂, and their activity is difficult to distinguish from other sources of these reactive species. In addition, O₂ ⁻• and H₂O₂ are reactive molecules and most probes are prone to artifacts and therefore should be used with appropriate controls and the data carefully interpreted. This review gives an overview of current methods used to measure NOX activity and NOX-derived O₂ ⁻• and H₂O₂ in cells, tissues, isolated systems, and living organisms, describing the advantages and caveats of many established methods with emphasis on more recent technologies and future perspectives. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-•))-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution. They function as electron transport chains across membranes, using NADPH as electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen to O(2)(-•). NOX have multiple biological functions, ranging from host defense to inflammation and cellular signaling. Measuring NOX activity is crucial in understanding the roles of these enzymes in physiology and pathology. Many of the methods used to measure NOX activity are based on the detection of small molecules that react with NOX-generated O(2)(-•) or its direct dismutation product hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to form fluorescent, luminescent, or colored products. Initial techniques were developed to measure the activity of the phagocyte isoform NOX2 during the oxidative burst of stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which generate large quantities of O(2)(-•). However, other members of the NOX family generate much less O(2)(-•) and hence H(2)O(2), and their activity is difficult to distinguish from other sources of these reactive species. In addition, O(2)(-•) and H(2)O(2) are reactive molecules and most probes are prone to artifacts and therefore should be used with appropriate controls and the data carefully interpreted. This review gives an overview of current methods used to measure NOX activity and NOX-derived O(2)(-•) and H(2)O(2) in cells, tissues, isolated systems, and living organisms, describing the advantages and caveats of many established methods with emphasis on more recent technologies and future perspectives. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O2−•)-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution. They function as electron transport chains across membranes, using NADPH as electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen to O2−•. NOX have multiple biological functions, ranging from host defense to inflammation and cellular signaling. Measuring NOX activity is crucial in understanding the roles of these enzymes in physiology and pathology. Many of the methods used to measure NOX activity are based on the detection of small molecules that react with NOX-generated O2−• or its direct dismutation product hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form fluorescent, luminescent, or colored products. Initial techniques were developed to measure the activity of the phagocyte isoform NOX2 during the oxidative burst of stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which generate large quantities of O2−•. However, other members of the NOX family generate much less O2−• and hence H2O2, and their activity is difficult to distinguish from other sources of these reactive species. In addition, O2−• and H2O2 are reactive molecules and most probes are prone to artifacts and therefore should be used with appropriate controls and the data carefully interpreted. This review gives an overview of current methods used to measure NOX activity and NOX-derived O2−• and H2O2 in cells, tissues, isolated systems, and living organisms, describing the advantages and caveats of many established methods with emphasis on more recent technologies and future perspectives. [Display omitted] ► NOX enzymes have the sole known function to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). ► Distinguishing NOX from other sources of ROS requires careful experimentation. ► This review gives a snapshot of methods used to detect NOX-derived ROS in tissues. ► Promising new technologies are discussed for the measurement of NOX activity. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-•))-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution. They function as electron transport chains across membranes, using NADPH as electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen to O(2)(-•). NOX have multiple biological functions, ranging from host defense to inflammation and cellular signaling. Measuring NOX activity is crucial in understanding the roles of these enzymes in physiology and pathology. Many of the methods used to measure NOX activity are based on the detection of small molecules that react with NOX-generated O(2)(-•) or its direct dismutation product hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to form fluorescent, luminescent, or colored products. Initial techniques were developed to measure the activity of the phagocyte isoform NOX2 during the oxidative burst of stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which generate large quantities of O(2)(-•). However, other members of the NOX family generate much less O(2)(-•) and hence H(2)O(2), and their activity is difficult to distinguish from other sources of these reactive species. In addition, O(2)(-•) and H(2)O(2) are reactive molecules and most probes are prone to artifacts and therefore should be used with appropriate controls and the data carefully interpreted. This review gives an overview of current methods used to measure NOX activity and NOX-derived O(2)(-•) and H(2)O(2) in cells, tissues, isolated systems, and living organisms, describing the advantages and caveats of many established methods with emphasis on more recent technologies and future perspectives.NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-•))-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution. They function as electron transport chains across membranes, using NADPH as electron donor to reduce molecular oxygen to O(2)(-•). NOX have multiple biological functions, ranging from host defense to inflammation and cellular signaling. Measuring NOX activity is crucial in understanding the roles of these enzymes in physiology and pathology. Many of the methods used to measure NOX activity are based on the detection of small molecules that react with NOX-generated O(2)(-•) or its direct dismutation product hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) to form fluorescent, luminescent, or colored products. Initial techniques were developed to measure the activity of the phagocyte isoform NOX2 during the oxidative burst of stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which generate large quantities of O(2)(-•). However, other members of the NOX family generate much less O(2)(-•) and hence H(2)O(2), and their activity is difficult to distinguish from other sources of these reactive species. In addition, O(2)(-•) and H(2)O(2) are reactive molecules and most probes are prone to artifacts and therefore should be used with appropriate controls and the data carefully interpreted. This review gives an overview of current methods used to measure NOX activity and NOX-derived O(2)(-•) and H(2)O(2) in cells, tissues, isolated systems, and living organisms, describing the advantages and caveats of many established methods with emphasis on more recent technologies and future perspectives.
Author	Stocker, Roland Maghzal, Ghassan J. Jaquet, Vincent Krause, Karl-Heinz
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ghassan J. surname: Maghzal fullname: Maghzal, Ghassan J. organization: Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology) and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Medical Foundation Building, K25, NSW 2006, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Karl-Heinz surname: Krause fullname: Krause, Karl-Heinz organization: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty and Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Médical Universitaire 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Roland surname: Stocker fullname: Stocker, Roland organization: Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology) and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Medical Foundation Building, K25, NSW 2006, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Vincent surname: Jaquet fullname: Jaquet, Vincent email: Vincent.Jaquet@unige.ch organization: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty and Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Médical Universitaire 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Keywords	Oxidative stress Reactive oxygen species O2 Hydrogen peroxide E MRI Fluorescence H2O2 Superoxide anion radical TPO L-012 NADPH oxidase DUOX ONOO PG1 GSH Probes DCFH HPLC CGD NBT ESR MS SOD WST-1 ER AGT MCLA cpYFP HOCl NOX ROS DPI HE 2-OH-E Mass spectrometry PET
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Snippet	NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O2−•)-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution.... NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-•))-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution.... NADPH oxidases (NOX) are superoxide anion radical (O₂ ⁻•)-generating enzymes. They form a family of seven members, each with a specific tissue distribution....
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SubjectTerms	Biological Assay Biosensing Techniques Cell-Free System Cytochromes c - chemistry Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy electron transfer enzymes Fluorescence HPLC Hydrogen peroxide inflammation Mass spectrometry NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases - metabolism NADP (coenzyme) NADPH oxidase neutrophils NOX Oxidation-Reduction Oxidative stress oxygen Probes Reactive oxygen species Reactive Oxygen Species - analysis superoxide anion Superoxide anion radical Superoxides - analysis Tetrazolium Salts - chemistry tissue distribution
Title	Detection of reactive oxygen species derived from the family of NOX NADPH oxidases
URI	https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.002 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22982596 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1151036389 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1678521021
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