Multivariable Mendelian Randomization: The Use of Pleiotropic Genetic Variants to Estimate Causal Effects

Abstract A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely associated with the risk factor of interest as instrumental variables. However, in some cases, such as the case of triglyceride level as a risk...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:

Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:	American journal of epidemiology Ročník 181; číslo 4; s. 251 - 260
Hlavní autoři:	Burgess, Stephen, Thompson, Simon G.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Oxford University Press 15.02.2015
Témata:	Biomarkers - blood Causality Cholesterol, HDL - blood Cholesterol, LDL - blood Coronary Disease - blood Coronary Disease - diagnosis Coronary Disease - epidemiology Coronary Disease - genetics Genetic Pleiotropy - genetics Genetic Variation - genetics Humans Mathematical Computing Mendelian Randomization Analysis - methods Models, Genetic Predictive Value of Tests Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Triglycerides - blood United Kingdom - epidemiology lipid fractions epidemiologic methods instrumental variables Mendelian randomization causal inference pleiotropy
ISSN:	0002-9262, 1476-6256, 1476-6256
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Abstract	Abstract A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely associated with the risk factor of interest as instrumental variables. However, in some cases, such as the case of triglyceride level as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it may be difficult to find a relevant genetic variant that is not also associated with related risk factors, such as other lipid fractions. Such a variant is known as pleiotropic. In this paper, we propose an extension of Mendelian randomization that uses multiple genetic variants associated with several measured risk factors to simultaneously estimate the causal effect of each of the risk factors on the outcome. This “multivariable Mendelian randomization” approach is similar to the simultaneous assessment of several treatments in a factorial randomized trial. In this paper, methods for estimating the causal effects are presented and compared using real and simulated data, and the assumptions necessary for a valid multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis are discussed. Subject to these assumptions, we demonstrate that triglyceride-related pathways have a causal effect on the risk of coronary heart disease independent of the effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
AbstractList	A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely associated with the risk factor of interest as instrumental variables. However, in some cases, such as the case of triglyceride level as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it may be difficult to find a relevant genetic variant that is not also associated with related risk factors, such as other lipid fractions. Such a variant is known as pleiotropic. In this paper, we propose an extension of Mendelian randomization that uses multiple genetic variants associated with several measured risk factors to simultaneously estimate the causal effect of each of the risk factors on the outcome. This "multivariable Mendelian randomization" approach is similar to the simultaneous assessment of several treatments in a factorial randomized trial. In this paper, methods for estimating the causal effects are presented and compared using real and simulated data, and the assumptions necessary for a valid multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis are discussed. Subject to these assumptions, we demonstrate that triglyceride-related pathways have a causal effect on the risk of coronary heart disease independent of the effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely associated with the risk factor of interest as instrumental variables. However, in some cases, such as the case of triglyceride level as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it may be difficult to find a relevant genetic variant that is not also associated with related risk factors, such as other lipid fractions. Such a variant is known as pleiotropic. In this paper, we propose an extension of Mendelian randomization that uses multiple genetic variants associated with several measured risk factors to simultaneously estimate the causal effect of each of the risk factors on the outcome. This "multivariable Mendelian randomization" approach is similar to the simultaneous assessment of several treatments in a factorial randomized trial. In this paper, methods for estimating the causal effects are presented and compared using real and simulated data, and the assumptions necessary for a valid multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis are discussed. Subject to these assumptions, we demonstrate that triglyceride-related pathways have a causal effect on the risk of coronary heart disease independent of the effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely associated with the risk factor of interest as instrumental variables. However, in some cases, such as the case of triglyceride level as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it may be difficult to find a relevant genetic variant that is not also associated with related risk factors, such as other lipid fractions. Such a variant is known as pleiotropic. In this paper, we propose an extension of Mendelian randomization that uses multiple genetic variants associated with several measured risk factors to simultaneously estimate the causal effect of each of the risk factors on the outcome. This "multivariable Mendelian randomization" approach is similar to the simultaneous assessment of several treatments in a factorial randomized trial. In this paper, methods for estimating the causal effects are presented and compared using real and simulated data, and the assumptions necessary for a valid multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis are discussed. Subject to these assumptions, we demonstrate that triglyceride-related pathways have a causal effect on the risk of coronary heart disease independent of the effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Abstract A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely associated with the risk factor of interest as instrumental variables. However, in some cases, such as the case of triglyceride level as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it may be difficult to find a relevant genetic variant that is not also associated with related risk factors, such as other lipid fractions. Such a variant is known as pleiotropic. In this paper, we propose an extension of Mendelian randomization that uses multiple genetic variants associated with several measured risk factors to simultaneously estimate the causal effect of each of the risk factors on the outcome. This “multivariable Mendelian randomization” approach is similar to the simultaneous assessment of several treatments in a factorial randomized trial. In this paper, methods for estimating the causal effects are presented and compared using real and simulated data, and the assumptions necessary for a valid multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis are discussed. Subject to these assumptions, we demonstrate that triglyceride-related pathways have a causal effect on the risk of coronary heart disease independent of the effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Author	Burgess, Stephen Thompson, Simon G.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Stephen surname: Burgess fullname: Burgess, Stephen email: sb452@medschl.cam.ac.uk – sequence: 2 givenname: Simon G. surname: Thompson fullname: Thompson, Simon G.
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632051$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNo9kEtLxDAYRYMozvjY-AMkG8FNNUmbPtzJMD7AQZHRbcnjC2ZMk7FJFf31VkZd3cU9XC5nD2374AGhI0rOKGnyc7GC89ePgdX5FprSoiqzkvFyG00JISxrWMkmaC_GFSGUNpzsoslY54xwOkV2Mbhk30VvhXSAF-A1OCs8fhReh85-iWSDv8DLF8BPEXAw-MGBDakPa6vwNXhIYz7_DPgUcQp4HpPtRAI8E0MUDs-NAZXiAdoxwkU4_M199HQ1X85usrv769vZ5V2meM5TVkhZCpVLrYSpiC6UJlw1RmkgtTYABeGmqorSSCkawmRFWS2hEabgRV0WOt9Hp5vddR_eBoip7WxU4JzwEIbY0pJzxpu8JiN6_IsOsgPdrvvxeP_Z_ukZgZMNEIb1f0tJ-6O9HbW3G-35N7HYd1E
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1167_iovs_65_8_35 crossref_primary_10_1002_advs_202506032 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2023_1230113 crossref_primary_10_1097_EDE_0000000000001417 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCHEARTFAILURE_123_010557 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2023_1126157 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2015_12_034 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00439_016_1647_9 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000009234 crossref_primary_10_1515_med_2023_0877 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000044244 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2025_03_005 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000044480 crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_117_309757 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0300074 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000044482 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_27420_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2022_05_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clnu_2025_03_020 crossref_primary_10_1038_ng_3708 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1371662 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1461221 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12672_025_03010_3 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awz413 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_99742_x crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz176 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_02510_w crossref_primary_10_1111_obr_13182 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2022_974402 crossref_primary_10_1177_20420986231224236 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_025_04139_2 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0303338 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_021_00757_1 crossref_primary_10_1093_jnci_djaf201 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13058_022_01508_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00432_023_04612_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00439_019_02027_3 crossref_primary_10_1177_00368504241305901 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_34726_3 crossref_primary_10_1002_fsn3_4630 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1276497 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00403_024_03539_3 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2024_1320932 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xcrm_2024_101688 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003394 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_10317 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1372842 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2020_01_015 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291720003566 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_021_01325_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_024_03486_w crossref_primary_10_1038_bjc_2016_228 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_9721 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12877_025_06051_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s12672_025_02389_3 crossref_primary_10_2337_db19_0862 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42255_023_00903_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2024_04_080 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15010069 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_83693_w crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines12122828 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jid_2025_08_014 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41416_025_03170_7 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43586_021_00092_5 crossref_primary_10_1136_openhrt_2021_001735 crossref_primary_10_1093_eurheartj_ehz402 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_61441_4 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_020_01357_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_019_00485_7 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_14156_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2022_856182 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2025_04_010 crossref_primary_10_1093_ajcn_nqz130 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_55993_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40519_025_01730_7 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_84447_4 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0302209 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00018_024_05375_0 crossref_primary_10_1155_humu_7447886 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyy284 crossref_primary_10_1136_heartjnl_2015_308558 crossref_primary_10_1159_000545550 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCOUTCOMES_119_005623 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hrthm_2024_07_015 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyx192 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_fertnstert_2022_04_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2024_04_024 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_024_02911_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00438_020_01651_3 crossref_primary_10_1093_eurheartj_ehaa193 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm8122040 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_20844_w crossref_primary_10_1007_s40471_017_0128_6 crossref_primary_10_1155_jdr_6523642 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_023_03051_x crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2021_676030 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2024_1398412 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz145 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2023_1158293 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1225376 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz142 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10072_023_06854_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clnu_2019_04_024 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1356207 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15173682 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hrtlng_2024_06_003 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2022_1024772 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_019_00598_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_022_10215_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2024_1460779 crossref_primary_10_1097_MED_0000000000000230 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2022_792558 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijc_34914 crossref_primary_10_1080_0886022X_2025_2479184 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1256116 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1368334 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_020_01047_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_jcpe_13906 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz152 crossref_primary_10_1002_ana_25721 crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kwu283 crossref_primary_10_1093_sleep_zsz046 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_66027_4 crossref_primary_10_1097_HJH_0000000000003297 crossref_primary_10_1093_jrsssb_qkae024 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2022_103953 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12944_024_02133_w crossref_primary_10_12688_wellcomeopenres_16374_2 crossref_primary_10_12688_wellcomeopenres_16374_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_semarthrit_2022_152095 crossref_primary_10_1080_00365521_2025_2472198 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_024_13016_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes14030642 crossref_primary_10_1093_hmg_ddac162 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_10586_1 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz161 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz160 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12890_023_02502_8 crossref_primary_10_12968_hmed_2025_0067 crossref_primary_10_1002_art_40812 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00198_020_05786_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2023_1224705 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_62823_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_toxics12010027 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0298070 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2022_1023748 crossref_primary_10_1002_gepi_22491 crossref_primary_10_1093_humrep_deab224 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12933_025_02681_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2022_863340 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2022_905178 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12082261 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12931_023_02610_3 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_022_03435_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12920_023_01560_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_13870_3 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1132719 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2024_1434762 crossref_primary_10_1097_SCS_0000000000011631 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2024_07_007 crossref_primary_10_1210_jendso_bvae017 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu10101343 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1265786 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_1001223 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_676136 crossref_primary_10_1155_jobe_7792701 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_59945_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_semarthrit_2023_152171 crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_120_314983 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_numecd_2021_02_011 crossref_primary_10_1002_acr_25400 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_962787 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2021_103228 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1287637 crossref_primary_10_1080_09603123_2025_2449968 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mayocp_2023_04_019 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12889_023_16369_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12672_025_02021_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xhgg_2024_100290 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1008198 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_862942 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11892_018_1009_1 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1256832 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1011112 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13072_025_00567_9 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_024_03765_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_024_03082_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1293292 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2024_105285 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2022_930243 crossref_primary_10_1212_NXI_0000000000000662 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_puhe_2025_105731 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1288886 crossref_primary_10_3390_metabo13010109 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjnph_2024_001036 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_634394 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_021_00838_x crossref_primary_10_1111_jnc_16254 crossref_primary_10_1002_gepi_22462 crossref_primary_10_1136_gutjnl_2022_327860 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41416_020_01236_2 crossref_primary_10_1002_acn3_51702 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12011_025_04611_3 crossref_primary_10_1093_eurheartj_ehz003 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_metabol_2023_155611 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2022_04_001 crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_119_313381 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41397_019_0125_x crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2018_3778 crossref_primary_10_1002_cam4_5974 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000037505 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_74838_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s00432_021_03740_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopsych_2023_11_006 crossref_primary_10_1093_eurjpc_zwac100 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0311172 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu12123890 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu13072218 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_024_04336_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1285872 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes13122407 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molmet_2018_03_015 crossref_primary_10_1111_acel_13874 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13075_021_02444_8 crossref_primary_10_1177_1352458519872664 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41588_018_0099_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu14214458 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_parkreldis_2025_108018 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10549_024_07306_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_archger_2024_105655 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xops_2024_100684 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_025_04026_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2022_12_017 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13059_016_1000_6 crossref_primary_10_3233_JAD_220787 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_023_01053_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13063_025_08831_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_720874 crossref_primary_10_1042_BSR20241281 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgac393 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_69737_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40520_024_02855_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s11255_023_03793_w crossref_primary_10_1111_jdi_70114 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1365604 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41576_019_0137_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_956900 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_025_08669_6 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1361373 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psychres_2024_116278 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm13247670 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjophth_2025_002219 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_021_00779_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2024_109064 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12890_024_03025_6 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0307958 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_022_03722_y crossref_primary_10_1186_s12986_025_00955_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15214544 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_dcmed_2025_05_003 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0290530 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2023_52572 crossref_primary_10_1002_cam4_3345 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_75393_2 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyab014 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000044033 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000039914 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12672_025_03370_w crossref_primary_10_1007_s40279_024_02090_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00774_024_01504_8 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyab251 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyaa160 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbmr_4316 crossref_primary_10_1093_g3journal_jkac158 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e30272 crossref_primary_10_1097_j_pain_0000000000003183 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1010290 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_1059281 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bone_2021_116266 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12920_025_02128_1 crossref_primary_10_1111_resp_14893 crossref_primary_10_1039_D4FO04366A crossref_primary_10_1111_1759_7714_15280 crossref_primary_10_1097_EDE_0000000000001096 crossref_primary_10_1111_srt_13787 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0254649 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41562_024_01905_9 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000007091 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_021_00807_4 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_m1203 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgab272 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1009575 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_120_017986 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_82031_4 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules29061281 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000040674 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1451160 crossref_primary_10_5498_wjp_v14_i3_421 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000042856 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2025_110310 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_71881_7 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2022_756901 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2024_1439344 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2016_09_008 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyac124 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_68374_y crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2024_1344125 crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kwae447 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyac129 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2023_1185957 crossref_primary_10_1161_HYPERTENSIONAHA_124_23829 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgac354 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnagi_2021_757388 crossref_primary_10_3390_brainsci11070845 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_92895 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0301823 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaad_2022_11_010 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2021_719920 crossref_primary_10_1001_jama_2020_0150 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_025_01763_z crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCGEN_117_002054 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyw127 crossref_primary_10_1017_S2045796024000593 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2023_1250404 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgac389 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exphem_2025_104794 crossref_primary_10_1002_clc_70089 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2024_1382702 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40471_022_00297_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2020_03_020 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12905_024_03196_8 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_39551_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes14122191 crossref_primary_10_1093_cercor_bhae385 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjmed_2022_000354 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12864_023_09633_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msard_2023_104964 crossref_primary_10_1161_HYPERTENSIONAHA_121_18617 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xagr_2025_100559 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_46984_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_022_01231_y crossref_primary_10_3390_metabo12060537 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000037021 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43856_023_00382_x crossref_primary_10_1080_02770903_2025_2495734 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyac143 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyab051 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awab351 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1338698 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2021_738000 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2024_06_012 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_123_031447 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_92895_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_022_05705_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2023_12_028 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2023_1181851 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000039894 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2022_935757 crossref_primary_10_1111_dom_15326 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes15040413 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_025_01672_1 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_23669 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCULATIONAHA_120_046889 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00198_020_05640_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_10936_0 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00018_020_03715_4 crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kwaa287 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1352109 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2025_02_098 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41588_021_00973_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_020_05253_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s12890_023_02788_8 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1351216 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgae738 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_021_02685_y crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_024_12381_9 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgz088 crossref_primary_10_3389_frsle_2024_1333154 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2020_34461 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_025_05229_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jnha_2023_100019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhealeco_2020_102300 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_19822_6 crossref_primary_10_1093_biomet_asad013 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_genom_083117_021731 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00787_024_02421_x crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_024_02759_5 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_2100080 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbmr_3989 crossref_primary_10_1002_path_5421 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2023_117371 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm10214870 crossref_primary_10_1002_ehf2_14877 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41531_021_00166_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02476_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13568_025_01930_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_19214_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jjcc_2025_07_005 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000040614 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2022_104003 crossref_primary_10_1038_ejhg_2017_48 crossref_primary_10_1111_jcpe_13598 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_124_037265 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2022_849027 crossref_primary_10_1080_01635581_2024_2445870 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCULATIONAHA_118_035905 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1009105 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12012_024_09930_w crossref_primary_10_1002_lary_31258 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2025_105671 crossref_primary_10_1080_01635581_2024_2374042 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2023_13734 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02585_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bone_2025_117639 crossref_primary_10_1002_gepi_21966 crossref_primary_10_1111_joim_13196 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_numecd_2022_01_022 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyx034 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmj_l2327 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40001_025_02695_0 crossref_primary_10_1136_gutjnl_2019_319990 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41588_020_0631_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gaceta_2021_01_008 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_019_0361_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_16019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sleh_2023_11_014 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1123657 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13167_024_00373_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00403_025_04098_x crossref_primary_10_1093_postmj_qgae115 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgac758 crossref_primary_10_52396_JUSTC_2023_0055 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1343480 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijc_33292 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1279266 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_025_01813_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_88375_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_0886022X_2024_2445763 crossref_primary_10_1038_ng_3654 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13075_020_2134_1 crossref_primary_10_5847_wjem_j_1920_8642_2025_086 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003897 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_7492 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines12040807 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003410 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10549_023_06930_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_02770903_2025_2493177 crossref_primary_10_1017_S000711452400237X crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2022_104038 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2022_119385 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_020_01594_x crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000041106 crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_119_313847 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_20516_2 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0044_1786970 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291725100561 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz234 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13059_025_03480_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40273_016_0432_x crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjment_2023_300821 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0297766 crossref_primary_10_1177_09622802231181220 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_70540 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_910690 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12903_024_05407_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s40471_020_00233_6 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz242 crossref_primary_10_1093_sleep_zsac298 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_80063 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41562_021_01135_3 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000043539 crossref_primary_10_1534_genetics_117_300191 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12931_025_03238_1 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12944_024_02043_x crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2022_956850 crossref_primary_10_1093_hmg_ddy163 crossref_primary_10_1177_10870547251349253 crossref_primary_10_1002_cam4_6022 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyx237 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12986_025_00980_7 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1010762 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hrthm_2023_10_024 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbm4_10830 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0296894 crossref_primary_10_2147_IJWH_S534178 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joca_2020_12_015 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_euroneuro_2020_06_001 crossref_primary_10_1002_gepi_22600 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2025_02_016 crossref_primary_10_1002_gepi_22606 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_14038 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_80697_4 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02702_9 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjresp_2023_001879 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2023_01_063 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003455 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_86317_z crossref_primary_10_2337_db21_0734 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joca_2021_08_003 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43856_022_00234_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_brb3_3399 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjdrc_2020_001395 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_025_01704_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jvsv_2024_101889 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijcard_2025_133746 crossref_primary_10_1182_blood_2019004781 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1440753 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1334974 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopsych_2022_08_012 crossref_primary_10_1002_jnr_25205 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41380_024_02771_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13073_025_01472_2 crossref_primary_10_34133_hds_0325 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_022_03272_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_gerinurse_2025_103583 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_020_0603_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s13018_024_05107_x crossref_primary_10_2215_CJN_0000000722 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_10759_8 crossref_primary_10_1097_j_pain_0000000000002305 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_938891 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1405790 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0291183 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2022_845734 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neubiorev_2023_105497 crossref_primary_10_1093_hmg_ddaa256 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2023_1277984 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines12040866 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_10245 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2022_918584 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1010977 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_735541 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2022_990682 crossref_primary_10_1002_jmv_29943 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_025_13701_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s10038_020_00863_0 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2024_1393825 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz200 crossref_primary_10_1097_AUD_0000000000001574 crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms15842 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyv082 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrcardio_2017_78 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_023_02775_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_9824 crossref_primary_10_1177_13524585221092644 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15224817 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41586_018_0175_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_01635581_2024_2324504 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40484_020_0216_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtauto_2024_100260 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuroimage_2020_117347 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10552_022_01562_1 crossref_primary_10_1055_s_0044_1800980 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1388047 crossref_primary_10_1093_ajh_hpaf154 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_024_05614_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2023_1064081 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes15091126 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamaophthalmol_2022_2762 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_021_09067_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jid_2022_11_014 crossref_primary_10_1111_dom_16054 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_020_05190_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2023_1230955 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2024_105314 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2023_1206657 crossref_primary_10_1161_HYPERTENSIONAHA_120_15136 crossref_primary_10_1080_0886022X_2024_2438848 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291724000321 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12933_022_01714_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2023_1222551 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41576_018_0020_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drugalcdep_2023_111037 crossref_primary_10_1192_bjp_2024_163 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajog_2023_12_040 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgac707 crossref_primary_10_1002_JPER_21_0632 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jid_2024_07_021 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_12228_z crossref_primary_10_1038_s41588_023_01475_y crossref_primary_10_1161_STROKEAHA_121_038035 crossref_primary_10_1111_jopy_12782 crossref_primary_10_1002_alz_12825 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diabres_2023_110561 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41386_020_0655_6 crossref_primary_10_1111_exd_14984 crossref_primary_10_1093_hmg_ddy384 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00438_023_02071_9 crossref_primary_10_1177_02601060241308918 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12561_024_09447_4 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu16203548 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13148_024_01752_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41398_025_03294_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xhgg_2024_100338 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xhgg_2024_100339 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diabres_2024_111725 crossref_primary_10_1093_hmg_ddw197 crossref_primary_10_1080_00365521_2023_2287416 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_kint_2023_09_016 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41562_022_01412_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes15070889 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_022_01216_x crossref_primary_10_3390_genes14101844 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2023_1214232 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_spinee_2023_10_021 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_46837_y crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_763626 crossref_primary_10_4251_wjgo_v16_i6_2631 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12931_023_02335_3 crossref_primary_10_1002_gepi_22184 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_024_03361_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00403_025_04102_4 crossref_primary_10_1093_biostatistics_kxaa045 crossref_primary_10_1111_srt_13904 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10719_023_10127_6 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnins_2020_00479 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1282742 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbm4_10675 crossref_primary_10_1093_hmg_ddac051 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_122_026122 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_35663_x crossref_primary_10_1177_17085381241309809 crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_118_311804 crossref_primary_10_1183_13993003_01346_2021 crossref_primary_10_1101_gr_279252_124 crossref_primary_10_1002_acr2_11425 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_025_58129_2 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2023_25914 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_hrtlng_2023_05_020 crossref_primary_10_2147_JMDH_S516826 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11255_024_04020_w crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1285106 crossref_primary_10_1111_eci_14145 crossref_primary_10_5937_jomb0_56217 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291720003402 crossref_primary_10_1111_cns_14741 crossref_primary_10_1155_2022_6819644 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291724000771 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_79821_1 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000213573 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajcnut_2022_11_010 crossref_primary_10_1161_STROKEAHA_117_019653 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2018_00525 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmolb_2023_1327893 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_023_02731_y crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz280 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jacc_2020_09_583 crossref_primary_10_1136_thoraxjnl_2021_217993 crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kwv017 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1348685 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1348854 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000044788 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_exger_2025_112788 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz047 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12888_023_05203_y crossref_primary_10_1002_JPER_22_0249 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm12041681 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lanwpc_2023_100848 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0285915 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12920_024_01826_6 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0292881 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clinsp_2024_100520 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_1037546 crossref_primary_10_3233_JAD_210678 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00125_016_4081_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43856_022_00196_3 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10571_025_01577_7 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12877_024_05039_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_023_02816_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vph_2024_107284 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13073_021_00865_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbi_2021_07_009 crossref_primary_10_1002_ehf2_13248 crossref_primary_10_1002_edm2_70050 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_identj_2025_100877 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_75374 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_asjsur_2023_09_170 crossref_primary_10_3390_biomedicines12102253 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_024_07458_2 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1505636 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00213_025_06781_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_43908_y crossref_primary_10_1136_thoraxjnl_2019_214164 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44200_025_00087_7 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291725000352 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41380_025_03047_4 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_41394_4 crossref_primary_10_12688_wellcomeopenres_15555_1 crossref_primary_10_1681_ASN_2020050659 crossref_primary_10_12688_wellcomeopenres_15555_3 crossref_primary_10_2147_COPD_S503030 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2024_1451175 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e34971 crossref_primary_10_12688_wellcomeopenres_15555_2 crossref_primary_10_1289_EHP9098 crossref_primary_10_1159_000541288 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_18716_x crossref_primary_10_1038_s41416_024_02900_7 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_70758_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1418835 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41386_024_01833_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_jocd_70176 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02293_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11357_025_01794_4 crossref_primary_10_1097_HJH_0000000000001646 crossref_primary_10_1177_09622802221084599 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12890_024_02942_w crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2024_1377770 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0289252 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0298172 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_019_10679_y crossref_primary_10_1186_s12931_024_02722_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2022_966707 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2023_12_045 crossref_primary_10_1002_hec_4285 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_51679_x crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1011473 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24119129 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_020_01797_2 crossref_primary_10_1111_ceo_14067 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12876_024_03383_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2023_1269414 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00403_024_02978_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_025_02625_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_023_30535_3 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1452392 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_70143 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41366_018_0048_7 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000209431 crossref_primary_10_2174_0118715303288685240808073238 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40484_020_0207_4 crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kwae143 crossref_primary_10_2337_dc20_1721 crossref_primary_10_1681_ASN_2020050679 crossref_primary_10_1167_iovs_64_10_19 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2024_1405107 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2024_105175 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41416_021_01576_7 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000040825 crossref_primary_10_1093_biostatistics_kxae006 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02314_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41588_020_00751_5 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000044164 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0287496 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2023_12_002 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_123_032256 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_04401_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_s44325_024_00015_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2024_1338462 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2024_1419289 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10557_016_6638_5 crossref_primary_10_1210_jendso_bvad077 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgae461 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2023_06_005 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000039813 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2023_1100874 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_742718 crossref_primary_10_1111_bcp_14811 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijc_33779 crossref_primary_10_1093_aje_kww165 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2024_1378802 crossref_primary_10_1155_da_8835118 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2021_722154 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02578_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_xhgg_2025_100412 crossref_primary_10_1093_humrep_deab119 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1443539 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijc_34876 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_48105_7 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbmr_3358 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ocarto_2023_100414 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2023_1278273 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12672_025_02597_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_avsg_2025_01_013 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12944_025_02573_y crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2024_1366838 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12672_025_02618_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_771044 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_molmed_2019_10_004 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0287027 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu14163258 crossref_primary_10_1111_nep_70099 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_3803355 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_17117_4 crossref_primary_10_1093_jnci_djab102 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00394_025_03665_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_41315_5 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_46927_z crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_117_005619 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2023_1269545 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40520_023_02609_2 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1011776 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40246_024_00608_6 crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_118_311440 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2023_1080982 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1425802 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10787_025_01866_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2025_119439 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_956969 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu15041016 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_00895_2 crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_5515448 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_891947 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00438_022_01949_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cjca_2025_03_027 crossref_primary_10_7189_jogh_15_04164 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_46983_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_41231_8 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijc_33338 crossref_primary_10_1111_jre_13411 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_120_016771 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_9156 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_97069_x crossref_primary_10_1080_14767058_2024_2432528 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyac240 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atherosclerosis_2024_117501 crossref_primary_10_2337_dc20_2518 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2022_1011896 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13018_024_04980_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yebeh_2024_110140 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40001_023_01116_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2024_116257 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40471_018_0144_1 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_joca_2021_11_021 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41380_020_0785_6 crossref_primary_10_1182_bloodadvances_2023012246 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10238_025_01644_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00586_023_07839_6 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12859_024_05808_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1398618 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_23722 crossref_primary_10_1002_alz_14575 crossref_primary_10_1111_1753_0407_70004 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41380_023_02259_w crossref_primary_10_3390_genes16020113 crossref_primary_10_1093_sleep_zsaf054 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_121_022277 crossref_primary_10_1177_0962280215597579 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1078963 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_77758_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_021_02152_9 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1011506 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbmr_4904 crossref_primary_10_1111_biom_13169 crossref_primary_10_1155_2024_1266139 crossref_primary_10_1002_oby_23951 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_waojou_2024_100993 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000036050 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291720000951 crossref_primary_10_2147_NSS_S499521 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2024_1391542 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgad344 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000040788 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2024_1359015 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2022_959417 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_20585_3 crossref_primary_10_1002_brb3_70462 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lanwpc_2023_101001 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12877_024_05098_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom13111592 crossref_primary_10_1002_gepi_22577 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2022_967229 crossref_primary_10_1093_humrep_deae008 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyac036 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000037348 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291724003349 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12883_025_04194_5 crossref_primary_10_1093_jbmr_zjae136 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_numecd_2025_103974 crossref_primary_10_1111_ene_15332 crossref_primary_10_1111_opo_12596 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44337_025_00475_7 crossref_primary_10_1111_dom_15445 crossref_primary_10_1161_HYPERTENSIONAHA_122_19445 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_022_03407_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00405_023_08435_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tjpad_2025_100067 crossref_primary_10_1093_postmj_qgae051 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00439_019_02098_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43657_021_00033_y crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awac392 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes13091541 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_28899_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02322_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e22661 crossref_primary_10_1093_humrep_deae019 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijc_34228 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41371_025_01048_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2025_119488 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2025_1411587 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2023_0034 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_122_029190 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_025_08956_7 crossref_primary_10_1111_andr_13358 crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2023_1234324 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2022_35648 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_72984 crossref_primary_10_1111_jch_14932 crossref_primary_10_3390_nu14010181 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1002641 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2022_995664 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_46767_9 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2019_3447 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ebiom_2023_104674 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_15852 crossref_primary_10_1161_ATVBAHA_124_321282 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1230125 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_32095_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_1048122 crossref_primary_10_1017_S2040174424000114 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bone_2018_10_011 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCULATIONAHA_121_053797 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyv108 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_119_012738 crossref_primary_10_1681_ASN_2020121760 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_023_03001_7 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2024_1260247 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12890_025_03658_1 crossref_primary_10_2147_CEG_S450807 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12879_024_09532_5 crossref_primary_10_1093_sleep_zsae149 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_1009122 crossref_primary_10_1093_pnasnexus_pgad198 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijcard_2025_133218 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12920_024_01986_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2019_00618 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2023_1236331 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2213_8587_15_00425_8 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1327083 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2025_107412 crossref_primary_10_3390_cancers13205053 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_024_52310_9 crossref_primary_10_1002_mc_23692 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_14452_4 crossref_primary_10_1093_bib_bbaf214 crossref_primary_10_1093_hmg_ddab275 crossref_primary_10_1017_S0033291720003621 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neurobiolaging_2022_07_011 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2023_1233086 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41380_019_0395_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_020_14389_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2023_08_086 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00586_025_08850_9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12672_025_02226_7 crossref_primary_10_2147_DMSO_S528669 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jstrokecerebrovasdis_2024_107737 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cell_2016_10_042 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jtha_2025_03_022 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_56946_x crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2025_1436972 crossref_primary_10_1093_brain_awac193 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_17207_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s12885_022_09382_x crossref_primary_10_1186_s13048_025_01630_5 crossref_primary_10_1080_01443615_2024_2321321 crossref_primary_10_1111_joim_13078 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1400577 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10552_024_01855_7 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_numecd_2020_04_014 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyz107 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02246_y crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0269191 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyw079 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyac085 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_compbiomed_2022_106187 crossref_primary_10_3390_life15081303 crossref_primary_10_1111_sms_70014 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_017_07213_9 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamaophthalmol_2020_1231 crossref_primary_10_1194_jlr_P120001000 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12967_024_05604_x crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0298963 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00394_023_03312_8 crossref_primary_10_1002_art_42538 crossref_primary_10_3389_fbioe_2020_00397 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCULATIONAHA_120_049819 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijc_34032 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12920_021_00915_0 crossref_primary_10_1093_eurheartj_ehaa070 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_2009808118 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgae843 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyw088 crossref_primary_10_1161_JAHA_121_022433 crossref_primary_10_1515_med_2024_1078 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2024_01_232 crossref_primary_10_1089_thy_2024_0257 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003302 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12916_022_02660_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41588_023_01527_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clnesp_2024_06_008 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgaa239 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12035_025_04987_2 crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000044503 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijgo_70314 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bbi_2025_01_024 crossref_primary_10_1161_CIRCGEN_118_002239 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyx189 crossref_primary_10_1111_andr_13132 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pmed_1003553 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpubh_2024_1284594 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12894_024_01568_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00240_023_01438_2 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13104_023_06434_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_intimp_2023_110667 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare11131889 crossref_primary_10_1111_add_70001 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2024_1426779 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_clnesp_2025_01_053 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyy204 crossref_primary_10_3389_fneur_2024_1387244 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24087216 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00520_024_08682_1 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1459465 crossref_primary_10_1002_ijgo_70321 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10654_015_0011_z crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000042538 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0279198 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2021_769198 crossref_primary_10_3233_JAD_215411 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2023_1116799 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2024_1340602 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0301752 crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_850004 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ophtha_2017_03_042 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12986_024_00853_5 crossref_primary_10_1186_s40246_025_00738_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_569323 crossref_primary_10_1186_s42358_023_00290_7 crossref_primary_10_1093_ije_dyae067 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_687745 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pgen_1009887 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajhg_2023_02_014 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jad_2024_03_076 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41430_023_01339_y crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_617245 crossref_primary_10_12998_wjcc_v12_i14_2370 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0286981 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csbj_2022_05_015 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2021_688849 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2022_900424 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_022_29932_y crossref_primary_10_1007_s12020_024_03796_2 crossref_primary_10_4254_wjh_v16_i8_1145 crossref_primary_10_1002_brb3_70051 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13073_021_00914_x crossref_primary_10_1007_s00415_022_11161_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fgene_2024_1381303 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2024_1354037 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13073_021_00849_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atmosenv_2025_121485 crossref_primary_10_1176_appi_ajp_2019_18111257r crossref_primary_10_3389_fcell_2022_1023006 crossref_primary_10_1177_01455613241286611 crossref_primary_10_1210_clinem_dgab527 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41562_024_01919_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bone_2019_115174 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00432_021_03790_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcvm_2022_843681 crossref_primary_10_12998_wjcc_v12_i26_5937 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13148_023_01572_z crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0287810 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12933_023_01927_z crossref_primary_10_3389_fendo_2019_00807 crossref_primary_10_1212_WNL_0000000000207852 crossref_primary_10_1002_sim_9133 crossref_primary_10_1002_brb3_70041
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2015 The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
Copyright_xml	– notice: The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. 2015 – notice: The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
DBID	TOX CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8
DOI	10.1093/aje/kwu283
DatabaseName	Oxford Journals Open Access Collection Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle	MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: TOX name: Oxford Journals Open Access Collection url: https://academic.oup.com/journals/ sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 3 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Medicine Public Health
EISSN	1476-6256
EndPage	260
ExternalDocumentID	25632051 10.1093/aje/kwu283
Genre	Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Comparative Study
GrantInformation_xml	– fundername: Wellcome Trust grantid: 100114 – fundername: Wellcome Trust – fundername: Medical Research Council grantid: MR/L003120/1 – fundername: British Heart Foundation grantid: RG/08/014/24067
GroupedDBID	--- -DZ -E4 -~X ..I .2P .I3 .XZ .ZR 0R~ 1TH 23M 2WC 4.4 482 48X 5GY 5RE 5VS 5WA 5WD 6J9 70D 85S AABZA AACZT AAJKP AAJQQ AAMVS AAOGV AAPNW AAPQZ AAPXW AARHZ AASNB AAUAY AAUQX AAVAP AAWTL ABEUO ABIXL ABJNI ABKDP ABLJU ABNHQ ABNKS ABOCM ABPTD ABQLI ABQTQ ABXVV ABZBJ ACGFO ACGFS ACGOD ACPRK ACUFI ACUTJ ACUTO ADBBV ADEYI ADEZT ADGZP ADHKW ADHZD ADIPN ADJQC ADOCK ADQBN ADRIX ADRTK ADVEK ADYVW ADZXQ AEGPL AEJOX AEKSI AEMDU AENEX AENZO AEPUE AETBJ AEWNT AFFZL AFIYH AFOFC AFRAH AFXEN AGINJ AGKEF AGSYK AHMBA AHXPO AIAGR AIJHB AJEEA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALUQC APIBT APWMN ATGXG AXUDD BAWUL BAYMD BCRHZ BEYMZ BHONS BTRTY BVRKM C45 CDBKE CS3 CZ4 DAKXR DIK DILTD D~K E3Z EBS EE~ EJD EMOBN F5P F9B FLUFQ FOEOM FOTVD FQBLK GAUVT GJXCC GX1 H13 H5~ HAR HW0 HZ~ IH2 IOX J21 KAQDR KBUDW KOP KQ8 KSI KSN L7B M-Z M49 ML0 N9A NGC NOMLY NOYVH NU- NVLIB O9- OAWHX OCZFY ODMLO OHH OJQWA OJZSN OK1 OPAEJ OVD OWPYF P2P P6G PAFKI PEELM PQQKQ Q1. Q5Y R44 RD5 RHF ROL ROX ROZ RUSNO RW1 RXO TCURE TEORI TJX TOX TR2 UHB UPT W8F WOQ X7H YAYTL YF5 YKOAZ YOC YROCO YSK YXANX ZKX ~91 AAILS ABDFA ABEJV ABGNP ABVGC ADCFL ADGHP ADMHG ADNBA AEHKS AGORE AHMMS AJBYB AJNCP ALXQX CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF JXSIZ NPM 7X8
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-4bb6ac3bdcaf70d4cd05c9fcde08dfee405f7746fbba902b7128be9af454864d3
IEDL.DBID	TOX
ISICitedReferencesCount	1163
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000351501400007&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0002-9262 1476-6256
IngestDate	Sat Sep 27 19:52:42 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:49:20 EDT 2025 Wed Sep 11 04:48:00 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	4
Keywords	lipid fractions epidemiologic methods instrumental variables Mendelian randomization causal inference pleiotropy
Language	English
License	This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c535t-4bb6ac3bdcaf70d4cd05c9fcde08dfee405f7746fbba902b7128be9af454864d3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
OpenAccessLink	https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwu283
PMID	25632051
PQID	1655259380
PQPubID	23479
PageCount	10
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_1655259380 pubmed_primary_25632051 oup_primary_10_1093_aje_kwu283
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2015-02-15
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2015-02-15
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 02 year: 2015 text: 2015-02-15 day: 15
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	United States
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: United States
PublicationTitle	American journal of epidemiology
PublicationTitleAlternate	Am J Epidemiol
PublicationYear	2015
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publisher_xml	– name: Oxford University Press
References	25660081 - Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Feb 15;181(4):290-1. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv017.
References_xml	– reference: 25660081 - Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Feb 15;181(4):290-1. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv017.
SSID	ssj0011950
Score	2.6629624
Snippet	Abstract A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely... A conventional Mendelian randomization analysis assesses the causal effect of a risk factor on an outcome by using genetic variants that are solely associated...
SourceID	proquest pubmed oup
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher
StartPage	251
SubjectTerms	Biomarkers - blood Causality Cholesterol, HDL - blood Cholesterol, LDL - blood Coronary Disease - blood Coronary Disease - diagnosis Coronary Disease - epidemiology Coronary Disease - genetics Genetic Pleiotropy - genetics Genetic Variation - genetics Humans Mathematical Computing Mendelian Randomization Analysis - methods Models, Genetic Predictive Value of Tests Risk Factors Sensitivity and Specificity Triglycerides - blood United Kingdom - epidemiology
Title	Multivariable Mendelian Randomization: The Use of Pleiotropic Genetic Variants to Estimate Causal Effects
URI	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632051 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1655259380
Volume	181
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000351501400007&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1ZS8NAEB60iAjiUa96lBV8Dabd3SbxTaTig61FtPQt7An1SEqT1r_vbJIWPEBf8pbJMjuZ-b6ZnVmAC2okk9oXnolY5DEurCdpoDwpDeO6baVfHB4f3gf9fjgaRYPqEE32Swk_opfixVy-fswwDqKnbfHQWfPTw2hZK3AXmS5Arpt-txhC-uXVb_1rP2BkEU5ut_-5kB3YqvAiuS43eBdWTFKH9V5VEa_DZpl3I2U70R6Mi47aOTJg1xNFei7D7TIZ5FEkOn2vui6vCJoHec4MSS0ZvJlxmk_TCYpxU6jxS2ToBCR5RvKUdNELIK415EbMMlxLOfA424fn2-7TzZ1XXafgKU557jEpO0JRqZWwga-Z0j5XkVXa-KG2xiB0swgGO1ZKEfltGWDokiYSliGr6TBND6CWpIk5AtJiGpmIFZQrnylk2Ap_fNHmUjIRIElpQBO1HU_KgRlxWeimMSowLhXYgPPFRsRoz65IIRKTzrK41eEcKRkN_QYclju0lIPwjLbRixz_Jf4ENhDYFK3nLX4KtXw6M2ewpub5OJs2YTUYhfjsD3rNwpQ-AcQ7xXA
linkProvider	Oxford University Press
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Multivariable+Mendelian+Randomization%3A+The+Use+of+Pleiotropic+Genetic+Variants+to+Estimate+Causal+Effects&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Simon+G.&rft.date=2015-02-15&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.issn=0002-9262&rft.eissn=1476-6256&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.epage=260&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Faje%2Fkwu283&rft.externalDocID=10.1093%2Faje%2Fkwu283
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0002-9262&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0002-9262&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0002-9262&client=summon