Large-diameter trees dominate snag and surface biomass following reintroduced fire

The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest floor. However, reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended eco...

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Published in:Ecological processes Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 41
Main Authors: Lutz, James A., Struckman, Soren, Furniss, Tucker J., Cansler, C. Alina, Germain, Sara J., Yocom, Larissa L., McAvoy, Darren J., Kolden, Crystal A., Smith, Alistair M. S., Swanson, Mark E., Larson, Andrew J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 27.07.2020
Springer Nature B.V
SpringerOpen
Subjects:
Abies concolor
Accumulation
Biomass
California
California Rim Fire
Carbon
Carbon sequestration
Dead wood
Dynamics
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecological effects
Environment
fire severity
Fires
forest dynamics
Forest ecosystems
Forest floor
forest litter
Forest management
Forests
fuel loading
Fuel reduction
Fuels
fuels (fire ecology)
Herbivores
landscapes
mountains
Pine trees
Pinus lambertiana
Reintroduction
Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer
Smithsonian ForestGEO
tree mortality
tree trunk
Trees
Wood
woody biomass
Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot
Yosemite National Park
California
California Rim Fire
Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer
Smithsonian ForestGEO
Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot
Fuel reduction
Yosemite National Park
ISSN:2192-1709, 2192-1709
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Abstract The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest floor. However, reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended ecological outcomes related to woody biomass, with potential impacts to fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, subsequent fire severity, and forest management. In this study, we examine the interplay between fire and carbon dynamics by asking how reintroduced fire impacts fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, and subsequent fire severity potential. Beginning pre-fire, and continuing 6 years post-fire, we tracked all live, dead, and fallen trees ≥ 1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood (downed woody debris) originating from tree boles ≥ 10 cm diameter and ≥ 1 m in length in 25.6 ha of an Abies concolor / Pinus lambertiana forest in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We also tracked surface fuels along 2240 m of planar transects pre-fire, immediately post-fire, and 6 years post-fire. Six years after moderate-severity fire, deadwood ≥ 10 cm diameter was 73 Mg ha −1 , comprised of 32 Mg ha −1 that persisted through fire and 41 Mg ha −1 of newly fallen wood (compared to 72 Mg ha −1 pre-fire). Woody surface fuel loading was spatially heterogeneous, with mass varying almost four orders of magnitude at the scale of 20 m × 20 m quadrats (minimum, 0.1 Mg ha −1 ; mean, 73 Mg ha −1 ; maximum, 497 Mg ha −1 ). Wood from large-diameter trees (≥ 60 cm diameter) comprised 57% of surface fuel in 2019, but was 75% of snag biomass, indicating high contributions to current and future fuel loading. Reintroduction of fire does not consume all large-diameter fuel and generates high levels of surface fuels ≥ 10 cm diameter within 6 years. Repeated fires are needed to reduce surface fuel loading.
AbstractList The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest floor. However, reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended ecological outcomes related to woody biomass, with potential impacts to fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, subsequent fire severity, and forest management. In this study, we examine the interplay between fire and carbon dynamics by asking how reintroduced fire impacts fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, and subsequent fire severity potential. Beginning pre-fire, and continuing 6 years post-fire, we tracked all live, dead, and fallen trees ≥ 1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood (downed woody debris) originating from tree boles ≥ 10 cm diameter and ≥ 1 m in length in 25.6 ha of an Abies concolor / Pinus lambertiana forest in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We also tracked surface fuels along 2240 m of planar transects pre-fire, immediately post-fire, and 6 years post-fire. Six years after moderate-severity fire, deadwood ≥ 10 cm diameter was 73 Mg ha −1 , comprised of 32 Mg ha −1 that persisted through fire and 41 Mg ha −1 of newly fallen wood (compared to 72 Mg ha −1 pre-fire). Woody surface fuel loading was spatially heterogeneous, with mass varying almost four orders of magnitude at the scale of 20 m × 20 m quadrats (minimum, 0.1 Mg ha −1 ; mean, 73 Mg ha −1 ; maximum, 497 Mg ha −1 ). Wood from large-diameter trees (≥ 60 cm diameter) comprised 57% of surface fuel in 2019, but was 75% of snag biomass, indicating high contributions to current and future fuel loading. Reintroduction of fire does not consume all large-diameter fuel and generates high levels of surface fuels ≥ 10 cm diameter within 6 years. Repeated fires are needed to reduce surface fuel loading.
Abstract The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest floor. However, reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended ecological outcomes related to woody biomass, with potential impacts to fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, subsequent fire severity, and forest management. In this study, we examine the interplay between fire and carbon dynamics by asking how reintroduced fire impacts fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, and subsequent fire severity potential. Beginning pre-fire, and continuing 6 years post-fire, we tracked all live, dead, and fallen trees ≥ 1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood (downed woody debris) originating from tree boles ≥ 10 cm diameter and ≥ 1 m in length in 25.6 ha of an Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana forest in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We also tracked surface fuels along 2240 m of planar transects pre-fire, immediately post-fire, and 6 years post-fire. Six years after moderate-severity fire, deadwood ≥ 10 cm diameter was 73 Mg ha−1, comprised of 32 Mg ha−1 that persisted through fire and 41 Mg ha−1 of newly fallen wood (compared to 72 Mg ha−1 pre-fire). Woody surface fuel loading was spatially heterogeneous, with mass varying almost four orders of magnitude at the scale of 20 m × 20 m quadrats (minimum, 0.1 Mg ha−1; mean, 73 Mg ha−1; maximum, 497 Mg ha−1). Wood from large-diameter trees (≥ 60 cm diameter) comprised 57% of surface fuel in 2019, but was 75% of snag biomass, indicating high contributions to current and future fuel loading. Reintroduction of fire does not consume all large-diameter fuel and generates high levels of surface fuels ≥ 10 cm diameter within 6 years. Repeated fires are needed to reduce surface fuel loading.
The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest floor. However, reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended ecological outcomes related to woody biomass, with potential impacts to fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, subsequent fire severity, and forest management. In this study, we examine the interplay between fire and carbon dynamics by asking how reintroduced fire impacts fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, and subsequent fire severity potential. Beginning pre-fire, and continuing 6 years post-fire, we tracked all live, dead, and fallen trees ≥ 1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood (downed woody debris) originating from tree boles ≥ 10 cm diameter and ≥ 1 m in length in 25.6 ha of an Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana forest in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We also tracked surface fuels along 2240 m of planar transects pre-fire, immediately post-fire, and 6 years post-fire. Six years after moderate-severity fire, deadwood ≥ 10 cm diameter was 73 Mg ha−1, comprised of 32 Mg ha−1 that persisted through fire and 41 Mg ha−1 of newly fallen wood (compared to 72 Mg ha−1 pre-fire). Woody surface fuel loading was spatially heterogeneous, with mass varying almost four orders of magnitude at the scale of 20 m × 20 m quadrats (minimum, 0.1 Mg ha−1; mean, 73 Mg ha−1; maximum, 497 Mg ha−1). Wood from large-diameter trees (≥ 60 cm diameter) comprised 57% of surface fuel in 2019, but was 75% of snag biomass, indicating high contributions to current and future fuel loading. Reintroduction of fire does not consume all large-diameter fuel and generates high levels of surface fuels ≥ 10 cm diameter within 6 years. Repeated fires are needed to reduce surface fuel loading.
The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest floor. However, reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended ecological outcomes related to woody biomass, with potential impacts to fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, subsequent fire severity, and forest management. In this study, we examine the interplay between fire and carbon dynamics by asking how reintroduced fire impacts fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, and subsequent fire severity potential. Beginning pre-fire, and continuing 6 years post-fire, we tracked all live, dead, and fallen trees ≥ 1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood (downed woody debris) originating from tree boles ≥ 10 cm diameter and ≥ 1 m in length in 25.6 ha of an Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana forest in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We also tracked surface fuels along 2240 m of planar transects pre-fire, immediately post-fire, and 6 years post-fire. Six years after moderate-severity fire, deadwood ≥ 10 cm diameter was 73 Mg ha⁻¹, comprised of 32 Mg ha⁻¹ that persisted through fire and 41 Mg ha⁻¹ of newly fallen wood (compared to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ pre-fire). Woody surface fuel loading was spatially heterogeneous, with mass varying almost four orders of magnitude at the scale of 20 m × 20 m quadrats (minimum, 0.1 Mg ha⁻¹; mean, 73 Mg ha⁻¹; maximum, 497 Mg ha⁻¹). Wood from large-diameter trees (≥ 60 cm diameter) comprised 57% of surface fuel in 2019, but was 75% of snag biomass, indicating high contributions to current and future fuel loading. Reintroduction of fire does not consume all large-diameter fuel and generates high levels of surface fuels ≥ 10 cm diameter within 6 years. Repeated fires are needed to reduce surface fuel loading.
ArticleNumber 41
Author McAvoy, Darren J.
Cansler, C. Alina
Struckman, Soren
Germain, Sara J.
Yocom, Larissa L.
Larson, Andrew J.
Lutz, James A.
Kolden, Crystal A.
Swanson, Mark E.
Furniss, Tucker J.
Smith, Alistair M. S.
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  organization: Department of Wildland Resources, S. J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University
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  organization: Department of Wildland Resources, S. J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University
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  surname: Furniss
  fullname: Furniss, Tucker J.
  organization: Department of Wildland Resources, S. J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University
– sequence: 4
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  organization: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington
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  organization: Department of Wildland Resources, S. J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University
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  organization: Department of Wildland Resources, S. J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University
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  organization: Department of Wildland Resources, S. J. and Jessie E. Quinney College of Natural Resources, Utah State University
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  organization: Management of Complex Systems, University of California
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  surname: Smith
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  organization: Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho
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  organization: Wilderness Institute, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana
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Keywords California Rim Fire
Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer
Smithsonian ForestGEO
Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot
Fuel reduction
Yosemite National Park
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PublicationPlace Berlin/Heidelberg
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– name: Heidelberg
PublicationTitle Ecological processes
PublicationTitleAbbrev Ecol Process
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Springer Nature B.V
SpringerOpen
Publisher_xml – name: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
– name: Springer Nature B.V
– name: SpringerOpen
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Snippet The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing tree...
Abstract The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing...
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StartPage 41
SubjectTerms Abies concolor
Accumulation
Biomass
California
California Rim Fire
Carbon
Carbon sequestration
Dead wood
Dynamics
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecological effects
Environment
fire severity
Fires
forest dynamics
Forest ecosystems
Forest floor
forest litter
Forest management
Forests
fuel loading
Fuel reduction
Fuels
fuels (fire ecology)
Herbivores
landscapes
mountains
Pine trees
Pinus lambertiana
Reintroduction
Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer
Smithsonian ForestGEO
tree mortality
tree trunk
Trees
Wood
woody biomass
Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot
Yosemite National Park
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Title Large-diameter trees dominate snag and surface biomass following reintroduced fire
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Volume 9
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