Olfactory function and neurocognitive outcomes in old age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study
We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence. Olfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicat...
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| Published in: | Alzheimer's & dementia Vol. 14; no. 8; p. 1015 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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01.08.2018
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| ISSN: | 1552-5279, 1552-5279 |
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| Abstract | We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence.
Olfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI.
Participants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: -0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35 to -0.19; language: -0.24 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.17; executive function/processing speed: -0.09 SD, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.06; and general cognitive performance: -0.25 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78).
An impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia. |
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| AbstractList | We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence.
Olfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI.
Participants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: -0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35 to -0.19; language: -0.24 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.17; executive function/processing speed: -0.09 SD, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.06; and general cognitive performance: -0.25 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78).
An impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia. We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence.INTRODUCTIONWe tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence.Olfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI.METHODSOlfaction, measured by the Sniffin' Sticks test, was categorized as olfactory impairment (OI) (score ≤6) or no OI (score >6). MCI was adjudicated based on review of a neuropsychological examination. Linear regression estimated the mean difference in cognitive factor scores, and log-binomial regression quantified MCI prevalence among participants with versus without OI.Participants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: -0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35 to -0.19; language: -0.24 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.17; executive function/processing speed: -0.09 SD, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.06; and general cognitive performance: -0.25 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78).RESULTSParticipants with OI had lower mean factor scores (memory: -0.27 standard deviation [SD], 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35 to -0.19; language: -0.24 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.17; executive function/processing speed: -0.09 SD, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.06; and general cognitive performance: -0.25 SD, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.20). OI was also associated with MCI (n = 204; prevalence ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.78).An impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia.DISCUSSIONAn impaired sense of smell may serve as a readily accessible early marker of neurodegeneration and improve upon the prevailing delayed diagnoses and underascertainment of MCI/dementia. |
| Author | Knopman, David Palta, Priya Mosley, Thomas H Deal, Jennifer A Gross, Alden Heiss, Gerardo Griswold, Michael Chen, Honglei Sharrett, A Richey |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Priya surname: Palta fullname: Palta, Priya email: priya_palta@unc.edu organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address: priya_palta@unc.edu – sequence: 2 givenname: Honglei surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Honglei organization: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Jennifer A surname: Deal fullname: Deal, Jennifer A organization: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: A Richey surname: Sharrett fullname: Sharrett, A Richey organization: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Alden surname: Gross fullname: Gross, Alden organization: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: David surname: Knopman fullname: Knopman, David organization: Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA – sequence: 7 givenname: Michael surname: Griswold fullname: Griswold, Michael organization: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Gerardo surname: Heiss fullname: Heiss, Gerardo organization: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA – sequence: 9 givenname: Thomas H surname: Mosley fullname: Mosley, Thomas H organization: Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA |
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| Keywords | Odor identification Cognitive function Community-based study Mild cognitive impairment Olfaction |
| Language | English |
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| Snippet | We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence.
Olfaction,... We tested the hypothesis that poor sense of smell is associated with lower cognitive function and higher mild cognitive impairment (MCI)... |
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| SubjectTerms | Aged Atherosclerosis - diagnosis Atherosclerosis - epidemiology Cognition - physiology Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology Female Humans Male Neuropsychological Tests - statistics & numerical data Olfaction Disorders - diagnosis Prevalence Prospective Studies Smell - physiology United States - epidemiology |
| Title | Olfactory function and neurocognitive outcomes in old age: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study |
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