Ocean forcing drives glacier retreat in Greenland

Many Greenland glaciers have been attacked by the ocean from below and, in turn, contributed to sea-level rise from the ice sheet. The retreat and acceleration of Greenland glaciers since the mid-1990s have been attributed to the enhanced intrusion of warm Atlantic Waters (AW) into fjords, but this...

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Vydáno v:Science advances Ročník 7; číslo 1
Hlavní autoři: Wood, Michael, Rignot, Eric, Fenty, Ian, An, Lu, Bjørk, Anders, van den Broeke, Michiel, Cai, Cilan, Kane, Emily, Menemenlis, Dimitris, Millan, Romain, Morlighem, Mathieu, Mouginot, Jeremie, Noël, Brice, Scheuchl, Bernd, Velicogna, Isabella, Willis, Josh K., Zhang, Hong
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 01.01.2021
American Association for the Advancement of Science
Témata:
Atlantic water
Continental interfaces, environment
Earth sciences & physical geography
Environmental Sciences
Geophysics
Glacier retreat
Ice sheet
Ice shelves
In-situ observations
Mass loss
Multidisciplinary
Ocean model
Oceanography
Physical, chemical, mathematical & earth Sciences
Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre
SciAdv r-articles
Sciences de la terre & géographie physique
Sciences of the Universe
Shallow waters
ISSN:2375-2548, 2375-2548
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Popis
Shrnutí:Many Greenland glaciers have been attacked by the ocean from below and, in turn, contributed to sea-level rise from the ice sheet. The retreat and acceleration of Greenland glaciers since the mid-1990s have been attributed to the enhanced intrusion of warm Atlantic Waters (AW) into fjords, but this assertion has not been quantitatively tested on a Greenland-wide basis or included in models. Here, we investigate how AW influenced retreat at 226 marine-terminating glaciers using ocean modeling, remote sensing, and in situ observations. We identify 74 glaciers in deep fjords with AW controlling 49% of the mass loss that retreated when warming increased undercutting by 48%. Conversely, 27 glaciers calving on shallow ridges and 24 in cold, shallow waters retreated little, contributing 15% of the loss, while 10 glaciers retreated substantially following the collapse of several ice shelves. The retreat mechanisms remain undiagnosed at 87 glaciers without ocean and bathymetry data, which controlled 19% of the loss. Ice sheet projections that exclude ocean-induced undercutting may underestimate mass loss by at least a factor of 2.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
scopus-id:2-s2.0-85098737542
ISSN:2375-2548
2375-2548
DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aba7282