Field programmable gate array compression for large array multispeckle diffuse correlation spectroscopy

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an indispensable tool for quantifying cerebral blood flow noninvasively by measuring the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the diffused light. Recently, a multispeckle DCS approach was proposed to scale up the sensitivity with the number of independent speck...

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Vydáno v:Journal of biomedical optics Ročník 28; číslo 5; s. 057001
Hlavní autoři: Della Rocca, Francescopaolo Mattioli, Sie, Edbert J., Catoen, Ryan, Marsili, Francesco, Henderson, Robert K.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: United States Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers 01.05.2023
SPIE
S P I E - International Society for
Témata:
Algorithms
Autocorrelation functions
Avalanche diodes
Blood flow
Cameras
Cerebral blood flow
Compression
Data Compression
Data transfer (computers)
Digital integrated circuits
Field programmable gate arrays
Mathematical analysis
Measuring instruments
Photon avalanches
Photons
Pixels
Real time
Sensing
Sensitivity
Sensors
Signal to noise ratio
Spectroscopy
Spectrum Analysis
Time measurement
Universal Serial Bus
field-programmable gate array compression
multispeckle
diffuse correlation spectroscopy
single-photon avalanche diode
ISSN:1083-3668, 1560-2281, 1560-2281
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Popis
Shrnutí:Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an indispensable tool for quantifying cerebral blood flow noninvasively by measuring the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the diffused light. Recently, a multispeckle DCS approach was proposed to scale up the sensitivity with the number of independent speckle measurements, leveraging the rapid development of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) cameras. However, the extremely high data rate from advanced SPAD cameras is beyond the data transfer rate commonly available and requires specialized high-performance computation to calculate large number of autocorrelators (ACs) for real-time measurements. We aim to demonstrate a data compression scheme in the readout field-programmable gate array (FPGA) of a large-pixel-count SPAD camera. On-FPGA, data compression should democratize SPAD cameras and streamline system integration for multispeckle DCS. We present a SPAD array with 128 linear ACs embedded on an FPGA to calculate 12,288 ACFs in real time. We achieved a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of 110 over a single-pixel DCS system and more than threefold increase in SNR with respect to the state-of-the-art multispeckle DCS. The FPGA-embedded autocorrelation algorithm offers a scalable data compression method to large SPAD array, which can improve the sensitivity and usability of multispeckle DCS instruments.
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ISSN:1083-3668
1560-2281
1560-2281
DOI:10.1117/1.JBO.28.5.057001