Neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID: A comprehensive review

Although some patients have persistent symptoms or develop new symptoms following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection, neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID are not well known. This review summarizes and provides an update on the neuropsychiatric dimensions of long COVID. Its neuropsychia...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences Vol. 77; no. 2; pp. 84 - 93
Main Authors: Kubota, Takafumi, Kuroda, Naoto, Sone, Daichi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Melbourne John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 01.02.2023
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:
Anxiety Disorders
Cognitive ability
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Drug therapy
Environmental changes
Humans
Infections
Ischemia
Long COVID
Medical treatment
Mental disorders
neurology
PCN Frontier Review
PCN Frontier Reviews
Positron emission tomography
post COVID‐19 condition
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
psychiatry
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sleep disorders
Vaccination
COVID-19
long COVID
psychiatry
post COVID-19 condition
neurology
ISSN:1323-1316, 1440-1819, 1440-1819
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Although some patients have persistent symptoms or develop new symptoms following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection, neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID are not well known. This review summarizes and provides an update on the neuropsychiatric dimensions of long COVID. Its neuropsychiatric manifestations commonly include fatigue, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and post‐traumatic stress disorder. There are no specific tests for long COVID, but some characteristic findings such as hypometabolism on positron emission tomography have been reported. The possible mechanisms of long COVID include inflammation, ischemic effects, direct viral invasion, and social and environmental changes. Some patient characteristics and the severity and complications of acute COVID‐19 infection may be associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Long COVID may resolve spontaneously or persist, depending on the type of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although established treatments are lacking, various psychological and pharmacological treatments have been attempted. Vaccination against COVID‐19 infection plays a key role in the prevention of long coronavirus disease. With differences among the SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, including the omicron variant, the aspects of long COVID are likely to change in the future. Further studies clarifying the aspects of long COVID to develop effective treatments are warranted. Overview of neuropsychiatric aspects of long COVID.
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ISSN:1323-1316
1440-1819
1440-1819
DOI:10.1111/pcn.13508