Glial biology in learning and cognition

Neurons are exquisitely specialized for rapid electrical transmission of signals, but some properties of glial cells, which do not communicate with electrical impulses, are well suited for participating in complex cognitive functions requiring broad spatial integration and long-term temporal regulat...

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Vydané v:The Neuroscientist (Baltimore, Md.) Ročník 20; číslo 5; s. 426
Hlavní autori: Fields, R Douglas, Araque, Alfonso, Johansen-Berg, Heidi, Lim, Soo-Siang, Lynch, Gary, Nave, Klaus-Armin, Nedergaard, Maiken, Perez, Ray, Sejnowski, Terrence, Wake, Hiroaki
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States 01.10.2014
Predmet:
Animals
Brain - physiology
Cognition - physiology
Humans
Learning - physiology
Neurogenesis - physiology
Neuroglia - physiology
Space Perception - physiology
myelin
memory
oligodendrocyte
synaptic plasticity
astrocyte
microglia
neuron–glia interactions
ISSN:1089-4098, 1089-4098
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Abstract Neurons are exquisitely specialized for rapid electrical transmission of signals, but some properties of glial cells, which do not communicate with electrical impulses, are well suited for participating in complex cognitive functions requiring broad spatial integration and long-term temporal regulation. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all have biological properties that could influence learning and cognition. Myelination by oligodendrocytes increases conduction velocity, affecting spike timing and oscillations in neuronal activity. Astrocytes can modulate synaptic transmission and may couple multiple neurons and synapses into functional assemblies. Microglia can remove synapses in an activity-dependent manner altering neural networks. Incorporating glia into a bicellular mechanism of nervous system function may help answer long-standing questions concerning the cellular mechanisms of learning and cognition.
AbstractList Neurons are exquisitely specialized for rapid electrical transmission of signals, but some properties of glial cells, which do not communicate with electrical impulses, are well suited for participating in complex cognitive functions requiring broad spatial integration and long-term temporal regulation. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all have biological properties that could influence learning and cognition. Myelination by oligodendrocytes increases conduction velocity, affecting spike timing and oscillations in neuronal activity. Astrocytes can modulate synaptic transmission and may couple multiple neurons and synapses into functional assemblies. Microglia can remove synapses in an activity-dependent manner altering neural networks. Incorporating glia into a bicellular mechanism of nervous system function may help answer long-standing questions concerning the cellular mechanisms of learning and cognition.
Neurons are exquisitely specialized for rapid electrical transmission of signals, but some properties of glial cells, which do not communicate with electrical impulses, are well suited for participating in complex cognitive functions requiring broad spatial integration and long-term temporal regulation. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all have biological properties that could influence learning and cognition. Myelination by oligodendrocytes increases conduction velocity, affecting spike timing and oscillations in neuronal activity. Astrocytes can modulate synaptic transmission and may couple multiple neurons and synapses into functional assemblies. Microglia can remove synapses in an activity-dependent manner altering neural networks. Incorporating glia into a bicellular mechanism of nervous system function may help answer long-standing questions concerning the cellular mechanisms of learning and cognition.Neurons are exquisitely specialized for rapid electrical transmission of signals, but some properties of glial cells, which do not communicate with electrical impulses, are well suited for participating in complex cognitive functions requiring broad spatial integration and long-term temporal regulation. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all have biological properties that could influence learning and cognition. Myelination by oligodendrocytes increases conduction velocity, affecting spike timing and oscillations in neuronal activity. Astrocytes can modulate synaptic transmission and may couple multiple neurons and synapses into functional assemblies. Microglia can remove synapses in an activity-dependent manner altering neural networks. Incorporating glia into a bicellular mechanism of nervous system function may help answer long-standing questions concerning the cellular mechanisms of learning and cognition.
Author Johansen-Berg, Heidi
Araque, Alfonso
Lynch, Gary
Fields, R Douglas
Nave, Klaus-Armin
Sejnowski, Terrence
Nedergaard, Maiken
Perez, Ray
Lim, Soo-Siang
Wake, Hiroaki
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: R Douglas
  surname: Fields
  fullname: Fields, R Douglas
  email: fieldsd@mail.nih.gov
  organization: National Institutes of Health, NICHD, Bethesda, MD, USA fieldsd@mail.nih.gov
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Alfonso
  surname: Araque
  fullname: Araque, Alfonso
  organization: Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Heidi
  surname: Johansen-Berg
  fullname: Johansen-Berg, Heidi
  organization: Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Soo-Siang
  surname: Lim
  fullname: Lim, Soo-Siang
  organization: National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Gary
  surname: Lynch
  fullname: Lynch, Gary
  organization: University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Klaus-Armin
  surname: Nave
  fullname: Nave, Klaus-Armin
  organization: Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Gottingen, Germany
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Maiken
  surname: Nedergaard
  fullname: Nedergaard, Maiken
  organization: University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Ray
  surname: Perez
  fullname: Perez, Ray
  organization: Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA, USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Terrence
  surname: Sejnowski
  fullname: Sejnowski, Terrence
  organization: Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Hiroaki
  surname: Wake
  fullname: Wake, Hiroaki
  organization: National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24122821$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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SubjectTerms Animals
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Title Glial biology in learning and cognition
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