Development of high intensity CDC combustor for gas turbine engines
Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has been demonstrated to provide ultra-low emission of NO x and CO, improved pattern factor and reduced combustion noise in high intensity gas turbine combustors. The key feature to achieve CDC is the controlled flow distribution, reduce ignition delay, and hig...
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| Vydáno v: | Applied energy Ročník 88; číslo 3; s. 963 - 973 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autoři: | , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Kidlington
Elsevier Ltd
01.03.2011
Elsevier |
| Edice: | Applied Energy |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0306-2619, 1872-9118 |
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| Abstract | Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has been demonstrated to provide ultra-low emission of NO
x and CO, improved pattern factor and reduced combustion noise in high intensity gas turbine combustors. The key feature to achieve CDC is the controlled flow distribution, reduce ignition delay, and high speed injection of air and fuel jets and their controlled mixing to promote distributed reaction zone in the entire combustion volume without any flame stabilizer. Large gas recirculation and high turbulent mixing rates are desirable to achieve distributed reactions thus avoiding hot spot zones in the flame. The high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) technology has been successfully demonstrated in industrial furnaces which inherently possess low heat release intensity. However, gas turbine combustors operate at high heat release intensity and this result in many challenges for combustor design, which include lower residence time, high flow velocity and difficulty to contain the flame within a given volume. The focus here is on colorless distributed combustion for stationary gas turbine applications. In the first part of investigation effect of fuel injection diameter and air injection diameter is investigated in detail to elucidate the effect fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation on characteristics of CDC at relatively lower heat release intensity of 5
MW/m
3
atm. Based on favorable conditions at lower heat release intensity the effect of confinement size (reduction in combustor volume at same heat load) is investigated to examine heat release intensity up to 40
MW/m
3
atm. Three confinement sizes with same length and different diameters resulting in heat release intensity of 20
MW/m
3
atm, 30
MW/m
3
atm and 40
MW/m
3
atm have been investigated. Both non-premixed and premixed modes were examined for the range of heat release intensities. The heat load for the combustor was 25
kW with methane fuel. The air and fuel injection temperature was at normal 300
K. The combustor was operated at 1
atm pressure. The results were evaluated for flow field, fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation from numerical simulations and global flame images, and emissions of NO, CO from experiments. It was observed that the larger air injection diameter resulted in significantly higher levels of NO and CO whereas increase in fuel injection diameter had minimal effect on the NO and resulted in small increase of CO emissions. Increase in heat release intensity had minimal effect on NO emissions, however it resulted in significantly higher CO emissions. The premixed combustion mode resulted in ultra-low NO levels (<1
ppm) and NO emission as low as 5
ppm was obtained with the non-premixed flame mode. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has been demonstrated to provide ultra-low emission of NOx and CO, improved pattern factor and reduced combustion noise in high intensity gas turbine combustors. The key feature to achieve CDC is the controlled flow distribution, reduce ignition delay, and high speed injection of air and fuel jets and their controlled mixing to promote distributed reaction zone in the entire combustion volume without any flame stabilizer. Large gas recirculation and high turbulent mixing rates are desirable to achieve distributed reactions thus avoiding hot spot zones in the flame. The high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) technology has been successfully demonstrated in industrial furnaces which inherently possess low heat release intensity. However, gas turbine combustors operate at high heat release intensity and this result in many challenges for combustor design, which include lower residence time, high flow velocity and difficulty to contain the flame within a given volume. The focus here is on colorless distributed combustion for stationary gas turbine applications. In the first part of investigation effect of fuel injection diameter and air injection diameter is investigated in detail to elucidate the effect fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation on characteristics of CDC at relatively lower heat release intensity of 5 MW/m super(3) atm. Based on favorable conditions at lower heat release intensity the effect of confinement size (reduction in combustor volume at same heat load) is investigated to examine heat release intensity up to 40 MW/m super(3) atm. Three confinement sizes with same length and different diameters resulting in heat release intensity of 20 MW/m super(3) atm, 30 MW/m super(3) atm and 40 MW/m super(3) atm have been investigated. Both non-premixed and premixed modes were examined for the range of heat release intensities. The heat load for the combustor was 25 kW with methane fuel. The air and fuel injection temperature was at normal 300 K. The combustor was operated at 1 atm pressure. The results were evaluated for flow field, fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation from numerical simulations and global flame images, and emissions of NO, CO from experiments. It was observed that the larger air injection diameter resulted in significantly higher levels of NO and CO whereas increase in fuel injection diameter had minimal effect on the NO and resulted in small increase of CO emissions. Increase in heat release intensity had minimal effect on NO emissions, however it resulted in significantly higher CO emissions. The premixed combustion mode resulted in ultra-low NO levels (<1 ppm) and NO emission as low as 5 ppm was obtained with the non-premixed flame mode. Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has been demonstrated to provide ultra-low emission of NOx and CO, improved pattern factor and reduced combustion noise in high intensity gas turbine combustors. The key feature to achieve CDC is the controlled flow distribution, reduce ignition delay, and high speed injection of air and fuel jets and their controlled mixing to promote distributed reaction zone in the entire combustion volume without any flame stabilizer. Large gas recirculation and high turbulent mixing rates are desirable to achieve distributed reactions thus avoiding hot spot zones in the flame. The high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) technology has been successfully demonstrated in industrial furnaces which inherently possess low heat release intensity. However, gas turbine combustors operate at high heat release intensity and this result in many challenges for combustor design, which include lower residence time, high flow velocity and difficulty to contain the flame within a given volume. The focus here is on colorless distributed combustion for stationary gas turbine applications. In the first part of investigation effect of fuel injection diameter and air injection diameter is investigated in detail to elucidate the effect fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation on characteristics of CDC at relatively lower heat release intensity of 5MW/m³atm. Based on favorable conditions at lower heat release intensity the effect of confinement size (reduction in combustor volume at same heat load) is investigated to examine heat release intensity up to 40MW/m³atm. Three confinement sizes with same length and different diameters resulting in heat release intensity of 20MW/m³atm, 30MW/m³atm and 40MW/m³atm have been investigated. Both non-premixed and premixed modes were examined for the range of heat release intensities. The heat load for the combustor was 25kW with methane fuel. The air and fuel injection temperature was at normal 300K. The combustor was operated at 1atm pressure. The results were evaluated for flow field, fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation from numerical simulations and global flame images, and emissions of NO, CO from experiments. It was observed that the larger air injection diameter resulted in significantly higher levels of NO and CO whereas increase in fuel injection diameter had minimal effect on the NO and resulted in small increase of CO emissions. Increase in heat release intensity had minimal effect on NO emissions, however it resulted in significantly higher CO emissions. The premixed combustion mode resulted in ultra-low NO levels (<1ppm) and NO emission as low as 5ppm was obtained with the non-premixed flame mode. Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has been demonstrated to provide ultra-low emission of NOx and CO, improved pattern factor and reduced combustion noise in high intensity gas turbine combustors. The key feature to achieve CDC is the controlled flow distribution, reduce ignition delay, and high speed injection of air and fuel jets and their controlled mixing to promote distributed reaction zone in the entire combustion volume without any flame stabilizer. Large gas recirculation and high turbulent mixing rates are desirable to achieve distributed reactions thus avoiding hot spot zones in the flame. The high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) technology has been successfully demonstrated in industrial furnaces which inherently possess low heat release intensity. However, gas turbine combustors operate at high heat release intensity and this result in many challenges for combustor design, which include lower residence time, high flow velocity and difficulty to contain the flame within a given volume. The focus here is on colorless distributed combustion for stationary gas turbine applications. In the first part of investigation effect of fuel injection diameter and air injection diameter is investigated in detail to elucidate the effect fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation on characteristics of CDC at relatively lower heat release intensity of 5Â MW/m3Â atm. Based on favorable conditions at lower heat release intensity the effect of confinement size (reduction in combustor volume at same heat load) is investigated to examine heat release intensity up to 40Â MW/m3Â atm. Three confinement sizes with same length and different diameters resulting in heat release intensity of 20Â MW/m3Â atm, 30Â MW/m3Â atm and 40Â MW/m3Â atm have been investigated. Both non-premixed and premixed modes were examined for the range of heat release intensities. The heat load for the combustor was 25Â kW with methane fuel. The air and fuel injection temperature was at normal 300Â K. The combustor was operated at 1Â atm pressure. The results were evaluated for flow field, fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation from numerical simulations and global flame images, and emissions of NO, CO from experiments. It was observed that the larger air injection diameter resulted in significantly higher levels of NO and CO whereas increase in fuel injection diameter had minimal effect on the NO and resulted in small increase of CO emissions. Increase in heat release intensity had minimal effect on NO emissions, however it resulted in significantly higher CO emissions. The premixed combustion mode resulted in ultra-low NO levels (<1Â ppm) and NO emission as low as 5Â ppm was obtained with the non-premixed flame mode. Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has been demonstrated to provide ultra-low emission of NO x and CO, improved pattern factor and reduced combustion noise in high intensity gas turbine combustors. The key feature to achieve CDC is the controlled flow distribution, reduce ignition delay, and high speed injection of air and fuel jets and their controlled mixing to promote distributed reaction zone in the entire combustion volume without any flame stabilizer. Large gas recirculation and high turbulent mixing rates are desirable to achieve distributed reactions thus avoiding hot spot zones in the flame. The high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) technology has been successfully demonstrated in industrial furnaces which inherently possess low heat release intensity. However, gas turbine combustors operate at high heat release intensity and this result in many challenges for combustor design, which include lower residence time, high flow velocity and difficulty to contain the flame within a given volume. The focus here is on colorless distributed combustion for stationary gas turbine applications. In the first part of investigation effect of fuel injection diameter and air injection diameter is investigated in detail to elucidate the effect fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation on characteristics of CDC at relatively lower heat release intensity of 5 MW/m 3 atm. Based on favorable conditions at lower heat release intensity the effect of confinement size (reduction in combustor volume at same heat load) is investigated to examine heat release intensity up to 40 MW/m 3 atm. Three confinement sizes with same length and different diameters resulting in heat release intensity of 20 MW/m 3 atm, 30 MW/m 3 atm and 40 MW/m 3 atm have been investigated. Both non-premixed and premixed modes were examined for the range of heat release intensities. The heat load for the combustor was 25 kW with methane fuel. The air and fuel injection temperature was at normal 300 K. The combustor was operated at 1 atm pressure. The results were evaluated for flow field, fuel/air mixing and gas recirculation from numerical simulations and global flame images, and emissions of NO, CO from experiments. It was observed that the larger air injection diameter resulted in significantly higher levels of NO and CO whereas increase in fuel injection diameter had minimal effect on the NO and resulted in small increase of CO emissions. Increase in heat release intensity had minimal effect on NO emissions, however it resulted in significantly higher CO emissions. The premixed combustion mode resulted in ultra-low NO levels (<1 ppm) and NO emission as low as 5 ppm was obtained with the non-premixed flame mode. |
| Author | Arghode, Vaibhav K. Gupta, Ashwani K. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Vaibhav K. surname: Arghode fullname: Arghode, Vaibhav K. – sequence: 2 givenname: Ashwani K. surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Ashwani K. email: akgupta@umd.edu |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/S0360-1285(97)00006-3 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00314-3 10.1017/S0022112061000834 10.1205/026387698525432 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00216-9 10.2514/6.2009-4924 10.1115/1.1610009 10.1016/0045-7930(94)00032-T 10.1080/00102209208947221 10.2514/2.5943 10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.09.032 10.1016/0360-1285(89)90017-8 |
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| Keywords | Colorless distributed combustion Towards zero emission combustion Diffusion and premixed combustion Performance improvement of gas turbine combustion Distributed combustion Gas turbine combustion |
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| References_xml | – year: 1950 ident: b0055 article-title: The theory and design of gas turbines and jet engines – year: 2000 ident: b0075 article-title: An introduction to combustion – reference: Arghode VK, Gupta AK. Numerical simulations for CDC combustor development. In: 7th international symposium on high temperature air combustion and gasification, Phuket, Thailand, January 13–16, 2008. – reference: Arghode VK, Gupta AK. Investigation of fuel/air mixing characteristics in a CDC combustor. In: 19th international symposium for air breathing engines, Montreal, Canada, 7–11 September, 2009. – reference: Arghode VK, Gupta AK. Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) for gas turbine application. 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| Snippet | Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has been demonstrated to provide ultra-low emission of NO
x and CO, improved pattern factor and reduced combustion noise... Colorless distributed combustion (CDC) has been demonstrated to provide ultra-low emission of NOx and CO, improved pattern factor and reduced combustion noise... |
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| SubjectTerms | air air temperature Applied sciences Carbon monoxide Colorless distributed combustion Colorless distributed combustion Distributed combustion Towards zero emission combustion Diffusion and premixed combustion Gas turbine combustion Performance improvement of gas turbine combustion Combustion Combustion of gaseous fuels Combustion. Flame Confinement Diffusion and premixed combustion Distributed combustion emissions Energy Energy. Thermal use of fuels Engines and turbines Equipments for energy generation and conversion: thermal, electrical, mechanical energy, etc Exact sciences and technology Fuel injection Fuels furnaces gas engines Gas turbine combustion Gas turbine engines Gas turbines heat High temperature air mathematical models methane mixing nitric oxide Performance improvement of gas turbine combustion Theoretical studies. Data and constants. Metering Towards zero emission combustion turbine engines |
| Title | Development of high intensity CDC combustor for gas turbine engines |
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