Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity

Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 812774
Main Authors: Duan, Tianhao, Du, Yang, Xing, Changsheng, Wang, Helen Y., Wang, Rong-Fu
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 03.03.2022
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
autoimmune diseases
cell-mediated immunity
Immunity, Cellular
Immunity, Innate - physiology
Immunology
infectious diseases
Signal Transduction
signaling pathway
T cells
Toll-Like Receptors
autoimmune diseases
toll-like receptors
infectious diseases
signaling pathway
cancer
T cells
cell-mediated immunity
ISSN:1664-3224, 1664-3224
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host’s defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Edited by: Subhasis Chattopadhyay, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), India
Reviewed by: Subhransu Sekhar Sahoo, Purdue University, United States; Sarang Tartey, IGM Biosciences, United States
This article was submitted to T Cell Biology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774