Working life patterns after sickness absence due to depression: A 15-year register-based prospective cohort study

To identify working life patterns after sickness absence (SA) due to depression and sociodemographic, work, and health-related factors associated with them. The study cohort included 9139 Swedish residents, aged 25–40, with a new SA spell due to depression in 2005. We followed the cohort for 15 year...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of affective disorders Vol. 379; pp. 822 - 834
Main Authors: Stutaite, Gerda, Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor, Helgesson, Magnus, Kautzky, Alexander, Finnes, Anna, Gémes, Katalin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.06.2025
Subjects:
Absenteeism
Adult
Cohort Studies
Cohort study
Depression
Depression - psychology
Depressive Disorder - epidemiology
Depressive Disorder - psychology
Disability pension
Employment - psychology
Employment - statistics & numerical data
Female
Humans
Male
Pensions - statistics & numerical data
Prospective Studies
Psychiatric/Mental Health
Register study
Registries
Sequence analysis
Sick leave
Sick Leave - statistics & numerical data
Socioeconomic Factors
Sweden - epidemiology
Sweden
ADHD
ICD-10
OR
ASW
CI
Depression
Register study
DP
LMM
PBA
SA
UE
SD
OECD
RTW
CMD(s)
Cohort study
Sick leave
EA
Disability pension
CPI
Sequence analysis
DALY(s)
OM
Labor Market Marginalization
Disability Pension
Sickness Absence
Standard Deviation
Disability-Adjusted Life Year(s)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition
Return-to-Work
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Odds Ratio
Average Silhouette Width
Common Mental Disorder(s)
Economic Activity
Consumer Price Index
Price Base Amount
Unemployment
Confidence Interval
Optimal Matching
ISSN:0165-0327, 1573-2517, 1573-2517
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:To identify working life patterns after sickness absence (SA) due to depression and sociodemographic, work, and health-related factors associated with them. The study cohort included 9139 Swedish residents, aged 25–40, with a new SA spell due to depression in 2005. We followed the cohort for 15 years analyzing their yearly dominant labor market outcomes. Sequence analysis was used to identify distinct labor market sequences and cluster analysis – to group similar sequences into working life typologies. For the sociodemographic, work, and health-related factor analysis, we used multinomial logistic regression. We identified 4373 sequences and seven typologies: 1) “Predominant Economic Activity (EA)” (70.7 %), 2) “Predominant EA with Intermittent SA/Disability Pension (DP)” (14.4 %), 3) “Predominant Long-Term SA/DP” (8.0 %), 4) “Long-Term SA/DP Followed by No EA” (2.2 %), 5) “SA/DP with Some EA” (1.6 %), 6) “Emigration” (1.7 %), and 7) “Death” (1.4 %). Factors associated with the predominant long-term SA/DP typology included birth outside Sweden (OR = 1.61, 95 % CI: 1.29–2.01), lower educational attainment (OR = 3.20, 95 % CI: 2.42–4.22), prolonged index SA spell due to depression (OR = 4.81, 95 % CI: 3.71–6.25), prior long-term SA (OR = 3.60, 95 % CI: 2.87–4.50) and unemployment (OR = 2.00, 95 % CI: 1.61–2.48). Living with children (OR = 0.68, 95 % CI: 0.56–0.82) was associated with lower odds of belonging to this typology. Most individuals after SA due to depression maintained their engagement in the labor market suggesting that Sweden's welfare system is supportive of their workforce participation. However, some individuals belonged to long-term SA, DP, and lack of EA typologies indicating a potential path to labor market marginalization. •Most individuals were active in the labor market post sick leave due to depression.•Some had working life patterns indicating potential labor market marginalization.•Education and living with children were linked to higher labor market engagement.•Prior sick leave and unemployment were linked to lower labor market engagement.•Sequence analysis can capture complex patterns after sick leave due to depression.
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ISSN:0165-0327
1573-2517
1573-2517
DOI:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.073