AGENCY IN SOCIAL ACTIVITY INTERACTIONS: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN TIME AND SPACE

ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between travel behaviour, ICT use and social networks. Specifically, we outline a theory of social action that can inform how ICTs relates to social activity travel and explore the efficacy of this theory in an empirical setting. We begin by outlining tw...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie Jg. 99; H. 5; S. 562 - 583
Hauptverfasser:	CARRASCO, JUAN ANTONIO, HOGAN, BERNIE, WELLMAN, BARRY, MILLER, ERIC J.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2008
Schlagworte:	activity-based approaches Agency Agency and Structure ICTs Information and communication technologies Information Technology Internet social accessibility Social Action Social Networks Social participation Social theory Space and Time Telephone Travel Travel behaviour
ISSN:	0040-747X, 1467-9663
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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Abstract	ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between travel behaviour, ICT use and social networks. Specifically, we outline a theory of social action that can inform how ICTs relates to social activity travel and explore the efficacy of this theory in an empirical setting. We begin by outlining two factors that influence the propensity to travel: an individual's will to initiate events with members of one's social network, referred to as agency, and the social accessibility of network members themselves. Social accessibility defines a series of practical constraints for social‐activity travel and agency defines the extent to which an individual will actively work within these constraints to maintain their social network. The theoretical section first unpacks these concepts while embedding them in the research literature, finishing with an operationalisation of agency and social accessibility. Using this theory, the empirical section investigates the relationship between agency, social accessibility, and factors associated with both the respondents and their personal networks. More specifically, we examine how agency levels of interaction are related to differences in demographics, global measures of network structure and composition, and measures of media use, particularly of Internet and telephone. We conclude that individuals who are proximate or more active are more likely to maintain reciprocal relationships, and that more distant or infrequent ties require greater maintenance on the individual's part. We believe that studies of activity‐travel and ICTs will benefit from a theoretical lens that articulates some of the transformative effects of ICTs on travel vis‐à‐vis its effects on social life. Social accessibility and agency can help focus that lens thereby enabling researchers to make potentially more elaborate and realistic models that move beyond the spatial and temporal dimensions into social dimensions.
AbstractList	ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between travel behaviour, ICT use and social networks. Specifically, we outline a theory of social action that can inform how ICTs relates to social activity travel and explore the efficacy of this theory in an empirical setting. We begin by outlining two factors that influence the propensity to travel: an individual's will to initiate events with members of one's social network, referred to as agency, and the social accessibility of network members themselves. Social accessibility defines a series of practical constraints for social‐activity travel and agency defines the extent to which an individual will actively work within these constraints to maintain their social network. The theoretical section first unpacks these concepts while embedding them in the research literature, finishing with an operationalisation of agency and social accessibility. Using this theory, the empirical section investigates the relationship between agency, social accessibility, and factors associated with both the respondents and their personal networks. More specifically, we examine how agency levels of interaction are related to differences in demographics, global measures of network structure and composition, and measures of media use, particularly of Internet and telephone. We conclude that individuals who are proximate or more active are more likely to maintain reciprocal relationships, and that more distant or infrequent ties require greater maintenance on the individual's part. We believe that studies of activity‐travel and ICTs will benefit from a theoretical lens that articulates some of the transformative effects of ICTs on travel vis‐à‐vis its effects on social life. Social accessibility and agency can help focus that lens thereby enabling researchers to make potentially more elaborate and realistic models that move beyond the spatial and temporal dimensions into social dimensions. This paper explores the relationship between travel behaviour, ICT use and social networks. Specifically, we outline a theory of social action that can inform how ICTs relates to social activity travel and explore the efficacy of this theory in an empirical setting. We begin by outlining two factors that influence the propensity to travel: an individual's will to initiate events with members of one's social network, referred to as agency, and the social accessibility of network members themselves. Social accessibility defines a series of practical constraints for social-activity travel and agency defines the extent to which an individual will actively work within these constraints to maintain their social network. The theoretical section first unpacks these concepts while embedding them in the research literature, finishing with an operationalisation of agency and social accessibility. Using this theory, the empirical section investigates the relationship between agency, social accessibility, and factors associated with both the respondents and their personal networks. More specifically, we examine how agency levels of interaction are related to differences in demographics, global measures of network structure and composition, and measures of media use, particularly of Internet and telephone. We conclude that individuals who are proximate or more active are more likely to maintain reciprocal relationships, and that more distant or infrequent ties require greater maintenance on the individual's part. We believe that studies of activity-travel and ICTs will benefit from a theoretical lens that articulates some of the transformative effects of ICTs on travel vis-à-vis its effects on social life. Social accessibility and agency can help focus that lens thereby enabling researchers to make potentially more elaborate and realistic models that move beyond the spatial and temporal dimensions into social dimensions. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers This paper explores the relationship between travel behaviour, ICT use and social networks. Specifically, we outline a theory of social action that can inform how ICTs relates to social activity travel and explore the efficacy of this theory in an empirical setting. We begin by outlining two factors that influence the propensity to travel: an individual's will to initiate events with members of one's social network, referred to as agency , and the social accessibility of network members themselves. Social accessibility defines a series of practical constraints for social‐activity travel and agency defines the extent to which an individual will actively work within these constraints to maintain their social network. The theoretical section first unpacks these concepts while embedding them in the research literature, finishing with an operationalisation of agency and social accessibility. Using this theory, the empirical section investigates the relationship between agency, social accessibility, and factors associated with both the respondents and their personal networks. More specifically, we examine how agency levels of interaction are related to differences in demographics, global measures of network structure and composition, and measures of media use, particularly of Internet and telephone. We conclude that individuals who are proximate or more active are more likely to maintain reciprocal relationships, and that more distant or infrequent ties require greater maintenance on the individual's part. We believe that studies of activity‐travel and ICTs will benefit from a theoretical lens that articulates some of the transformative effects of ICTs on travel vis‐à‐vis its effects on social life. Social accessibility and agency can help focus that lens thereby enabling researchers to make potentially more elaborate and realistic models that move beyond the spatial and temporal dimensions into social dimensions. This paper explores the relationship between travel behaviour, ICT use and social networks. Specifically, we outline a theory of social action that can inform how ICTs relates to social activity travel and explore the efficacy of this theory in an empirical setting. We begin by outlining two factors that influence the propensity to travel: an individual's will to initiate events with members of one's social network, referred to as agency, and the social accessibility of network members themselves. Social accessibility defines a series of practical constraints for social-activity travel and agency defines the extent to which an individual will actively work within these constraints to maintain their social network. The theoretical section first unpacks these concepts while embedding them in the research literature, finishing with an operationalisation of agency and social accessibility. Using this theory, the empirical section investigates the relationship between agency, social accessibility, and factors associated with both the respondents and their personal networks. More specifically, we examine how agency levels of interaction are related to differences in demographics, global measures of network structure and composition, and measures of media use, particularly of Internet and telephone. We conclude that individuals who are proximate or more active are more likely to maintain reciprocal relationships, and that more distant or infrequent ties require greater maintenance on the individual's part. We believe that studies of activity-travel and ICTs will benefit from a theoretical lens that articulates some of the transformative effects of ICTs on travel vis-a--vis its effects on social life. Social accessibility and agency can help focus that lens thereby enabling researchers to make potentially more elaborate and realistic models that move beyond the spatial and temporal dimensions into social dimensions. Adapted from the source document.
Author	WELLMAN, BARRY MILLER, ERIC J. HOGAN, BERNIE CARRASCO, JUAN ANTONIO
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: JUAN ANTONIO surname: CARRASCO fullname: CARRASCO, JUAN ANTONIO email: Corresponding author: Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Concepción' PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. j.carrasco@udec.cl organization: Corresponding author: Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad de Concepción' PO Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile. E-mail: j.carrasco@udec.cl – sequence: 2 givenname: BERNIE surname: HOGAN fullname: HOGAN, BERNIE organization: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, 455 Spadina Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5S2G8, Canada. E-mails: bernie.hogan@utoronto.ca, wellman@chass.utoronto.ca – sequence: 3 givenname: BARRY surname: WELLMAN fullname: WELLMAN, BARRY organization: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, 455 Spadina Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5S2G8, Canada. E-mails: bernie.hogan@utoronto.ca, wellman@chass.utoronto.ca – sequence: 4 givenname: ERIC J. surname: MILLER fullname: MILLER, ERIC J. email: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S1A4, Canada. miller@ecf.utoronto.ca organization: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S1A4, Canada. E-mail: miller@ecf.utoronto.ca
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Snippet	ABSTRACT This paper explores the relationship between travel behaviour, ICT use and social networks. Specifically, we outline a theory of social action that... This paper explores the relationship between travel behaviour, ICT use and social networks. Specifically, we outline a theory of social action that can inform...
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SubjectTerms	activity-based approaches Agency Agency and Structure ICTs Information and communication technologies Information Technology Internet social accessibility Social Action Social Networks Social participation Social theory Space and Time Telephone Travel Travel behaviour
Title	AGENCY IN SOCIAL ACTIVITY INTERACTIONS: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN TIME AND SPACE
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