The hepatitis delta virus: Replication and pathogenesis

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus and a satellite of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its RNA genome is unique among animal viruses, but it shares common features with some plant viroids, including a replication mechanism that uses a host RNA polymerase. In infected cells, HDV genome repl...

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Published in:Journal of hepatology Vol. 64; no. 1; pp. S102 - S116
Main Authors: Sureau, Camille, Negro, Francesco
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.04.2016
Subjects:
Chronic hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Hepatitis D - metabolism
Hepatitis D - pathology
Hepatitis D - virology
Hepatitis Delta Virus - physiology
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocytes - pathology
Hepatocytes - virology
Humans
RNA, Viral - genetics
Virion - genetics
Viroids
Virus Replication
ORF
S-HDAg
HDAg
HSPG
AGL
HCC
Hepatocellular carcinoma
ADAR
SVP
L-HDAg
Cirrhosis
RNP
RdRp
DIPA
Chronic hepatitis
NTCP
Viroids
HDV
HBV
NES
delta-interacting protein A
subviral particle
hepatitis B virus
open reading frame
large-HDAg
sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide
adenosine deaminase acting on RNA
heparan sulfate proteoglycan
hepatitis delta virus
hepatocellular carcinoma
ribonucleoprotein
hepatitis delta antigen
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
nuclear export signal
small-HDAg
antigenic loop
ISSN:0168-8278, 1600-0641
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus and a satellite of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its RNA genome is unique among animal viruses, but it shares common features with some plant viroids, including a replication mechanism that uses a host RNA polymerase. In infected cells, HDV genome replication and formation of a nucleocapsid-like ribonucleoprotein (RNP) are independent of HBV. But the RNP cannot exit, and therefore propagate, in the absence of HBV, as the latter supplies the propagation mechanism, from coating the HDV RNP with the HBV envelope proteins for cell egress to delivery of the HDV virions to the human hepatocyte target. HDV is therefore an obligate satellite of HBV; it infects humans either concomitantly with HBV or after HBV infection. HDV affects an estimated 15 to 20million individuals worldwide, and the clinical significance of HDV infection is more severe forms of viral hepatitis – acute or chronic –, and a higher risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison to HBV monoinfection. This review covers molecular aspects of HDV replication cycle, including its interaction with the helper HBV and the pathogenesis of infection in humans.
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ISSN:0168-8278
1600-0641
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.02.013