Beyond Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) Psychology: Measuring and Mapping Scales of Cultural and Psychological Distance

In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich...

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Vydané v:	Psychological science Ročník 31; číslo 6; s. 678 - 701
Hlavní autori:	Muthukrishna, Michael, Bell, Adrian V., Henrich, Joseph, Curtin, Cameron M., Gedranovich, Alexander, McInerney, Jason, Thue, Braden
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.06.2020 SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Predmet:	China Cognition Comparative studies Cross-Cultural Comparison Cultural differences Cultural Diversity Cultural values Developed Countries Developing Countries Evolutionary theories Fixation Homogeneity Humans Mapping Multiculturalism & pluralism Psychoanalytic Interpretation Psychological Distance Psychology Psychology, Social - methods Research Design United States United States China United States > US cultural distance cross-cultural differences WEIRD people replication crisis cultural psychology
ISSN:	0956-7976, 1467-9280, 1467-9280
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Abstract	In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index (FST), a meaningful statistic in evolutionary theory, to the World Values Survey of cultural beliefs and behaviors. As the extreme WEIRDness of the literature begins to dissolve, our tool will become more useful for designing, planning, and justifying a wide range of comparative psychological projects. Our code and accompanying online application allow for comparisons between any two countries. Analyses of regional diversity reveal the relative homogeneity of the United States. Cultural distance predicts various psychological outcomes.
AbstractList	In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index (FST), a meaningful statistic in evolutionary theory, to the World Values Survey of cultural beliefs and behaviors. As the extreme WEIRDness of the literature begins to dissolve, our tool will become more useful for designing, planning, and justifying a wide range of comparative psychological projects. Our code and accompanying online application allow for comparisons between any two countries. Analyses of regional diversity reveal the relative homogeneity of the United States. Cultural distance predicts various psychological outcomes.In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index (FST), a meaningful statistic in evolutionary theory, to the World Values Survey of cultural beliefs and behaviors. As the extreme WEIRDness of the literature begins to dissolve, our tool will become more useful for designing, planning, and justifying a wide range of comparative psychological projects. Our code and accompanying online application allow for comparisons between any two countries. Analyses of regional diversity reveal the relative homogeneity of the United States. Cultural distance predicts various psychological outcomes. In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index ( ), a meaningful statistic in evolutionary theory, to the World Values Survey of cultural beliefs and behaviors. As the extreme WEIRDness of the literature begins to dissolve, our tool will become more useful for designing, planning, and justifying a wide range of comparative psychological projects. Our code and accompanying online application allow for comparisons between any two countries. Analyses of regional diversity reveal the relative homogeneity of the United States. Cultural distance predicts various psychological outcomes. In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index (FST), a meaningful statistic in evolutionary theory, to the World Values Survey of cultural beliefs and behaviors. As the extreme WEIRDness of the literature begins to dissolve, our tool will become more useful for designing, planning, and justifying a wide range of comparative psychological projects. Our code and accompanying online application allow for comparisons between any two countries. Analyses of regional diversity reveal the relative homogeneity of the United States. Cultural distance predicts various psychological outcomes. In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index ( F ST ), a meaningful statistic in evolutionary theory, to the World Values Survey of cultural beliefs and behaviors. As the extreme WEIRDness of the literature begins to dissolve, our tool will become more useful for designing, planning, and justifying a wide range of comparative psychological projects. Our code and accompanying online application allow for comparisons between any two countries. Analyses of regional diversity reveal the relative homogeneity of the United States. Cultural distance predicts various psychological outcomes.
Author	McInerney, Jason Muthukrishna, Michael Bell, Adrian V. Henrich, Joseph Thue, Braden Gedranovich, Alexander Curtin, Cameron M.
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Anthropology, The University of Utah 3 Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University 4 Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University 1 Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science – name: 2 Department of Anthropology, The University of Utah – name: 4 Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University – name: 3 Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Michael orcidid: 0000-0002-7079-5166 surname: Muthukrishna fullname: Muthukrishna, Michael email: m.muthukrishna@lse.ac.uk – sequence: 2 givenname: Adrian V. surname: Bell fullname: Bell, Adrian V. – sequence: 3 givenname: Joseph surname: Henrich fullname: Henrich, Joseph – sequence: 4 givenname: Cameron M. surname: Curtin fullname: Curtin, Cameron M. – sequence: 5 givenname: Alexander surname: Gedranovich fullname: Gedranovich, Alexander – sequence: 6 givenname: Jason surname: McInerney fullname: McInerney, Jason – sequence: 7 givenname: Braden surname: Thue fullname: Thue, Braden
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32437234$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any...
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SubjectTerms	China Cognition Comparative studies Cross-Cultural Comparison Cultural differences Cultural Diversity Cultural values Developed Countries Developing Countries Evolutionary theories Fixation Homogeneity Humans Mapping Multiculturalism & pluralism Psychoanalytic Interpretation Psychological Distance Psychology Psychology, Social - methods Research Design United States
Title	Beyond Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) Psychology: Measuring and Mapping Scales of Cultural and Psychological Distance
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Volume	31
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