Macrophage Polarization: Different Gene Signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. Classically and M2(LPS–) vs. Alternatively Activated Macrophages

Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is established. Others are derived from blood monocytes. The macrophage lineage diversification and plasticity are key aspects of their functi...

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Vydáno v:	Frontiers in immunology Ročník 10; s. 1084
Hlavní autoři:	Orecchioni, Marco, Ghosheh, Yanal, Pramod, Akula Bala, Ley, Klaus
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 24.05.2019
Témata:	Animals Arginine - metabolism cancer Cell Movement Cell Polarity Chemotaxis Humans Immunology innate immunity Lipid Metabolism Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology macrophage Macrophage Activation - physiology Macrophages - physiology Mice Protein Processing, Post-Translational Signal Transduction macrophage cancer M1 innate immunity M2
ISSN:	1664-3224, 1664-3224
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Abstract	Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is established. Others are derived from blood monocytes. The macrophage lineage diversification and plasticity are key aspects of their functionality. Macrophages can also be generated from monocytes and undergo classical (LPS+IFN-γ) or alternative (IL-4) activation. , macrophages with different polarization and different activation markers coexist in tissues. Certain mouse strains preferentially promote T-helper-1 (Th1) responses and others Th2 responses. Their macrophages preferentially induce iNOS or arginase and have been called M1 and M2, respectively. In many publications, M1 and classically activated and M2 and alternatively activated are used interchangeably. We tested whether this is justified by comparing the gene lists positively [M1(=LPS+)] or negatively [M2(=LPS-)] correlated with the ratio of and in transcriptomes of LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages with classically (LPS, IFN-γ) vs. alternatively activated (IL-4) bone marrow derived macrophages, both from published datasets. Although there is some overlap between M1(=LPS+) and classically activated (LPS+IFN-γ) and M2(=LPS-) and alternatively activated macrophages, many more genes are regulated in opposite or unrelated ways. Thus, M1(=LPS+) macrophages are not equivalent to classically activated, and M2(=LPS-) macrophages are not equivalent to alternatively activated macrophages. This fundamental discrepancy explains why most surface markers identified on generated macrophages do not translate to the situation. Valid M1/M2 surface markers remain to be discovered.
AbstractList	Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is established. Others are derived from blood monocytes. The macrophage lineage diversification and plasticity are key aspects of their functionality. Macrophages can also be generated from monocytes in vitro and undergo classical (LPS+IFN-γ) or alternative (IL-4) activation. In vivo, macrophages with different polarization and different activation markers coexist in tissues. Certain mouse strains preferentially promote T-helper-1 (Th1) responses and others Th2 responses. Their macrophages preferentially induce iNOS or arginase and have been called M1 and M2, respectively. In many publications, M1 and classically activated and M2 and alternatively activated are used interchangeably. We tested whether this is justified by comparing the gene lists positively [M1(=LPS+)] or negatively [M2(=LPS–)] correlated with the ratio of IL-12 and arginase 1 in transcriptomes of LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages with in vitro classically (LPS, IFN-γ) vs. alternatively activated (IL-4) bone marrow derived macrophages, both from published datasets. Although there is some overlap between in vivo M1(=LPS+) and in vitro classically activated (LPS+IFN-γ) and in vivo M2(=LPS–) and in vitro alternatively activated macrophages, many more genes are regulated in opposite or unrelated ways. Thus, M1(=LPS+) macrophages are not equivalent to classically activated, and M2(=LPS–) macrophages are not equivalent to alternatively activated macrophages. This fundamental discrepancy explains why most surface markers identified on in vitro generated macrophages do not translate to the in vivo situation. Valid in vivo M1/M2 surface markers remain to be discovered. Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is established. Others are derived from blood monocytes. The macrophage lineage diversification and plasticity are key aspects of their functionality. Macrophages can also be generated from monocytes in vitro and undergo classical (LPS+IFN-γ) or alternative (IL-4) activation. In vivo, macrophages with different polarization and different activation markers coexist in tissues. Certain mouse strains preferentially promote T-helper-1 (Th1) responses and others Th2 responses. Their macrophages preferentially induce iNOS or arginase and have been called M1 and M2, respectively. In many publications, M1 and classically activated and M2 and alternatively activated are used interchangeably. We tested whether this is justified by comparing the gene lists positively [M1(=LPS+)] or negatively [M2(=LPS-)] correlated with the ratio of IL-12 and arginase 1 in transcriptomes of LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages with in vitro classically (LPS, IFN-γ) vs. alternatively activated (IL-4) bone marrow derived macrophages, both from published datasets. Although there is some overlap between in vivo M1(=LPS+) and in vitro classically activated (LPS+IFN-γ) and in vivo M2(=LPS-) and in vitro alternatively activated macrophages, many more genes are regulated in opposite or unrelated ways. Thus, M1(=LPS+) macrophages are not equivalent to classically activated, and M2(=LPS-) macrophages are not equivalent to alternatively activated macrophages. This fundamental discrepancy explains why most surface markers identified on in vitro generated macrophages do not translate to the in vivo situation. Valid in vivo M1/M2 surface markers remain to be discovered.Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is established. Others are derived from blood monocytes. The macrophage lineage diversification and plasticity are key aspects of their functionality. Macrophages can also be generated from monocytes in vitro and undergo classical (LPS+IFN-γ) or alternative (IL-4) activation. In vivo, macrophages with different polarization and different activation markers coexist in tissues. Certain mouse strains preferentially promote T-helper-1 (Th1) responses and others Th2 responses. Their macrophages preferentially induce iNOS or arginase and have been called M1 and M2, respectively. In many publications, M1 and classically activated and M2 and alternatively activated are used interchangeably. We tested whether this is justified by comparing the gene lists positively [M1(=LPS+)] or negatively [M2(=LPS-)] correlated with the ratio of IL-12 and arginase 1 in transcriptomes of LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages with in vitro classically (LPS, IFN-γ) vs. alternatively activated (IL-4) bone marrow derived macrophages, both from published datasets. Although there is some overlap between in vivo M1(=LPS+) and in vitro classically activated (LPS+IFN-γ) and in vivo M2(=LPS-) and in vitro alternatively activated macrophages, many more genes are regulated in opposite or unrelated ways. Thus, M1(=LPS+) macrophages are not equivalent to classically activated, and M2(=LPS-) macrophages are not equivalent to alternatively activated macrophages. This fundamental discrepancy explains why most surface markers identified on in vitro generated macrophages do not translate to the in vivo situation. Valid in vivo M1/M2 surface markers remain to be discovered. Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis is established. Others are derived from blood monocytes. The macrophage lineage diversification and plasticity are key aspects of their functionality. Macrophages can also be generated from monocytes and undergo classical (LPS+IFN-γ) or alternative (IL-4) activation. , macrophages with different polarization and different activation markers coexist in tissues. Certain mouse strains preferentially promote T-helper-1 (Th1) responses and others Th2 responses. Their macrophages preferentially induce iNOS or arginase and have been called M1 and M2, respectively. In many publications, M1 and classically activated and M2 and alternatively activated are used interchangeably. We tested whether this is justified by comparing the gene lists positively [M1(=LPS+)] or negatively [M2(=LPS-)] correlated with the ratio of and in transcriptomes of LPS-treated peritoneal macrophages with classically (LPS, IFN-γ) vs. alternatively activated (IL-4) bone marrow derived macrophages, both from published datasets. Although there is some overlap between M1(=LPS+) and classically activated (LPS+IFN-γ) and M2(=LPS-) and alternatively activated macrophages, many more genes are regulated in opposite or unrelated ways. Thus, M1(=LPS+) macrophages are not equivalent to classically activated, and M2(=LPS-) macrophages are not equivalent to alternatively activated macrophages. This fundamental discrepancy explains why most surface markers identified on generated macrophages do not translate to the situation. Valid M1/M2 surface markers remain to be discovered.
Author	Orecchioni, Marco Pramod, Akula Bala Ghosheh, Yanal Ley, Klaus
AuthorAffiliation	2 Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA , United States 1 Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA , United States
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, CA , United States – name: 1 Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology , La Jolla, CA , United States
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Marco surname: Orecchioni fullname: Orecchioni, Marco – sequence: 2 givenname: Yanal surname: Ghosheh fullname: Ghosheh, Yanal – sequence: 3 givenname: Akula Bala surname: Pramod fullname: Pramod, Akula Bala – sequence: 4 givenname: Klaus surname: Ley fullname: Ley, Klaus
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31178859$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Copyright © 2019 Orecchioni, Ghosheh, Pramod and Ley. 2019 Orecchioni, Ghosheh, Pramod and Ley
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Keywords	macrophage cancer M1 innate immunity M2
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Notes	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 Edited by: Liwu Li, Virginia Tech, United States This article was submitted to Molecular Innate Immunity, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Reviewed by: Inger Øynebråten, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Christos Tsatsanis, University of Crete, Greece Present address: Klaus Ley, Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Snippet	Macrophages are found in tissues, body cavities, and mucosal surfaces. Most tissue macrophages are seeded in the early embryo before definitive hematopoiesis...
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SubjectTerms	Animals Arginine - metabolism cancer Cell Movement Cell Polarity Chemotaxis Humans Immunology innate immunity Lipid Metabolism Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology macrophage Macrophage Activation - physiology Macrophages - physiology Mice Protein Processing, Post-Translational Signal Transduction
Title	Macrophage Polarization: Different Gene Signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. Classically and M2(LPS–) vs. Alternatively Activated Macrophages
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