Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1, the Generation Z of Negative Checkpoint Regulators
In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple negative checkpoint regulators protect the host against autoimmune reactions but also restrict the ability of T cells to ef...
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| Vydáno v: | Frontiers in immunology Ročník 6; s. 418 |
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| Hlavní autoři: | , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Vydáno: |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
21.08.2015
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| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 1664-3224, 1664-3224 |
| On-line přístup: | Získat plný text |
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| Shrnutí: | In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple negative checkpoint regulators protect the host against autoimmune reactions but also restrict the ability of T cells to effectively attack tumors. Releasing these brakes has emerged as an exciting strategy for cancer treatment. Conversely, these pathways can be manipulated to achieve durable tolerance for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplantation. In the future, treatment may involve combination therapy to target multiple cell types and stages of the adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the recently discovered negative checkpoint regulators, future targets for immunotherapy. |
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| Bibliografie: | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 Specialty section: This article was submitted to Immunological Tolerance, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Reviewed by: Ye Zheng, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA; William L. Redmond, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, USA; Vasileios Bekiaris, Danish Technical University, Denmark Edited by: Karina Pino-Lagos, Universidad de los Andes, Chile |
| ISSN: | 1664-3224 1664-3224 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00418 |