Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1, the Generation Z of Negative Checkpoint Regulators

In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple negative checkpoint regulators protect the host against autoimmune reactions but also restrict the ability of T cells to ef...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Frontiers in immunology Jg. 6; S. 418
Hauptverfasser:	Le Mercier, Isabelle, Lines, J. Louise, Noelle, Randolph J.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 21.08.2015
Schlagworte:	Autoimmunity BTLA cancer immunotherapy Immunology LAG-3 TIGIT TIM-3 VISTA autoimmunity LAG-3 cancer immunotherapy BTLA negative checkpoint regulators TIGIT TIM-3
ISSN:	1664-3224, 1664-3224
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Abstract	In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple negative checkpoint regulators protect the host against autoimmune reactions but also restrict the ability of T cells to effectively attack tumors. Releasing these brakes has emerged as an exciting strategy for cancer treatment. Conversely, these pathways can be manipulated to achieve durable tolerance for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplantation. In the future, treatment may involve combination therapy to target multiple cell types and stages of the adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the recently discovered negative checkpoint regulators, future targets for immunotherapy.
AbstractList	In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple negative checkpoint regulators protect the host against autoimmune reactions but also restrict the ability of T cells to effectively attack tumors. Releasing these brakes has emerged as an exciting strategy for cancer treatment. Conversely, these pathways can be manipulated to achieve durable tolerance for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplantation. In the future, treatment may involve combination therapy to target multiple cell types and stages of the adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the recently discovered negative checkpoint regulators, future targets for immunotherapy.
Author	Le Mercier, Isabelle Noelle, Randolph J. Lines, J. Louise
AuthorAffiliation	1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26347741$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords	VISTA autoimmunity LAG-3 cancer immunotherapy BTLA negative checkpoint regulators TIGIT TIM-3
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Snippet	In the last two years, clinical trials with blocking antibodies to the negative checkpoint regulators CTLA-4 and PD-1 have rekindled the hope for cancer...
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SubjectTerms	Autoimmunity BTLA cancer immunotherapy Immunology LAG-3 TIGIT TIM-3
Title	Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1, the Generation Z of Negative Checkpoint Regulators
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