Adipose tissue dysfunction and hypertriglyceridemia: mechanisms and management

Elevated plasma triglyceride levels, as often seen in obese subjects, are independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. By secreting adipokines (such as adiponectin and leptin) and other proteins (such as lipoprotein lipase and cholesteryl ester transferase protein), ad...

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Veröffentlicht in:Obesity reviews Jg. 12; H. 10; S. 829 - 840
Hauptverfasser: van de Woestijne, A. P, Monajemi, H, Kalkhoven, E, Visseren, F. L. J
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2011
Schlagworte:
adipocytes
adiponectin
Adipose tissue
Adipose Tissue - physiopathology
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - etiology
cardiovascular diseases
cholesterol
complications
cytokines
etiology
free fatty acids
Humans
hydrolysis
hypertriglyceridemia
Hypertriglyceridemia - complications
Hypertriglyceridemia - physiopathology
Hypertriglyceridemia - therapy
hypertrophy
insulin resistance
leptin
lifestyle
lipid metabolism
lipoprotein lipase
lipoproteins
obesity
pandemic
pathophysiology
patients
physiopathology
risk
risk reduction
therapeutics
therapy
triacylglycerols
triglycerides
ISSN:1467-7881, 1467-789X, 1467-789X
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Zusammenfassung:Elevated plasma triglyceride levels, as often seen in obese subjects, are independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. By secreting adipokines (such as adiponectin and leptin) and other proteins (such as lipoprotein lipase and cholesteryl ester transferase protein), adipose tissue affects triglyceride metabolism. In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy leads to many changes in adipocyte function and production of anti‐ and pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, free fatty acids are released into the circulation contributing to insulin resistance. Adipose tissue dysfunction will eventually lead to abnormalities in lipid metabolism, such as hypertriglyceridemia (due to increased hepatic very‐low‐density lipoprotein production and decreased triglyceride hydrolysis), small dense low‐density lipoprotein particles, remnant lipoproteins and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, all associated with a higher risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The clinical implications of elevated plasma triglycerides are still a matter of debate. Understanding the pathophysiology of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, which is becoming a pandemic condition, is essential for designing appropriate therapeutic interventions. Lifestyle changes are important to improve adipose tissue function in obese patients. Pharmacological interventions to improve adipose tissue function need further evaluation. Although statins are not very potent in reducing plasma triglycerides, they remain the mainstay of therapy for cardiovascular risk reduction in high‐risk patients.
Bibliographie:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00900.x
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ArticleID:OBR900
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ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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ObjectType-Review-3
ISSN:1467-7881
1467-789X
1467-789X
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00900.x