Evaluating Motivational Interviewing and Habit Formation to Enhance the Effect of Activity Trackers on Healthy Adults’ Activity Levels: Randomized Intervention

While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit d...

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Veröffentlicht in:JMIR mHealth and uHealth Jg. 7; H. 2; S. e10988
Hauptverfasser: Ellingson, Laura D, Lansing, Jeni E, DeShaw, Kathryn J, Peyer, Karissa L, Bai, Yang, Perez, Maria, Phillips, L Alison, Welk, Gregory J
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Canada JMIR Publications 14.02.2019
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ISSN:2291-5222, 2291-5222
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Abstract While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit development. This study aims to determine the utility of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with these behavior change strategies for promoting improvements in active and sedentary behaviors. A sample of 91 adults (48/91 female, 53%) was randomized to receive a Fitbit Charge alone or in combination with MI and habit education for 12 weeks. Active and sedentary behaviors were assessed pre and post using research-grade activity monitors (ActiGraph and activPAL), and the development of habits surrounding the use of the trackers was assessed postintervention with the Self-Reported Habit Index. During the intervention, Fitbit wear time and activity levels were monitored with the activity trackers. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of the trial on outcomes of physical activity and sedentary time. The influence of habits was examined using correlation coefficients relating habits of tracker use (wearing the tracker and checking data on the tracker and associated app) to Fitbit wear time and activity levels during the intervention and at follow-up. Regression analyses revealed no significant differences by group in any of the primary outcomes (all P>.05). However, personal characteristics, including lower baseline activity levels (beta=-.49, P=.01) and lack of previous experience with pedometers (beta=-.23, P=.03) were predictive of greater improvements in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Furthermore, for individuals with higher activity levels at the baseline, MI and habit education were more effective for maintaining these activity levels when compared with receiving a Fitbit alone (eg, small increase of ~48 steps/day, d=0.01, vs large decrease of ~1830 steps/day, d=0.95). Finally, habit development was significantly related to steps/day during (r=.30, P=.004) and following the intervention (r=.27, P=.03). This study suggests that activity trackers may have beneficial effects on physical activity in healthy adults, but benefits vary based on individual factors. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of habit development surrounding the wear and use of activity trackers and the associated software to promote increases in physical activity. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03837366; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03837366.
AbstractList While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit development. This study aims to determine the utility of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with these behavior change strategies for promoting improvements in active and sedentary behaviors. A sample of 91 adults (48/91 female, 53%) was randomized to receive a Fitbit Charge alone or in combination with MI and habit education for 12 weeks. Active and sedentary behaviors were assessed pre and post using research-grade activity monitors (ActiGraph and activPAL), and the development of habits surrounding the use of the trackers was assessed postintervention with the Self-Reported Habit Index. During the intervention, Fitbit wear time and activity levels were monitored with the activity trackers. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of the trial on outcomes of physical activity and sedentary time. The influence of habits was examined using correlation coefficients relating habits of tracker use (wearing the tracker and checking data on the tracker and associated app) to Fitbit wear time and activity levels during the intervention and at follow-up. Regression analyses revealed no significant differences by group in any of the primary outcomes (all P>.05). However, personal characteristics, including lower baseline activity levels (beta=-.49, P=.01) and lack of previous experience with pedometers (beta=-.23, P=.03) were predictive of greater improvements in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Furthermore, for individuals with higher activity levels at the baseline, MI and habit education were more effective for maintaining these activity levels when compared with receiving a Fitbit alone (eg, small increase of ~48 steps/day, d=0.01, vs large decrease of ~1830 steps/day, d=0.95). Finally, habit development was significantly related to steps/day during (r=.30, P=.004) and following the intervention (r=.27, P=.03). This study suggests that activity trackers may have beneficial effects on physical activity in healthy adults, but benefits vary based on individual factors. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of habit development surrounding the wear and use of activity trackers and the associated software to promote increases in physical activity. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03837366; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03837366.
Background:While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit development.Objective:This study aims to determine the utility of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with these behavior change strategies for promoting improvements in active and sedentary behaviors.Methods:A sample of 91 adults (48/91 female, 53%) was randomized to receive a Fitbit Charge alone or in combination with MI and habit education for 12 weeks. Active and sedentary behaviors were assessed pre and post using research-grade activity monitors (ActiGraph and activPAL), and the development of habits surrounding the use of the trackers was assessed postintervention with the Self-Reported Habit Index. During the intervention, Fitbit wear time and activity levels were monitored with the activity trackers. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of the trial on outcomes of physical activity and sedentary time. The influence of habits was examined using correlation coefficients relating habits of tracker use (wearing the tracker and checking data on the tracker and associated app) to Fitbit wear time and activity levels during the intervention and at follow-up.Results:Regression analyses revealed no significant differences by group in any of the primary outcomes (all P>.05). However, personal characteristics, including lower baseline activity levels (beta=–.49, P=.01) and lack of previous experience with pedometers (beta=–.23, P=.03) were predictive of greater improvements in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Furthermore, for individuals with higher activity levels at the baseline, MI and habit education were more effective for maintaining these activity levels when compared with receiving a Fitbit alone (eg, small increase of ~48 steps/day, d=0.01, vs large decrease of ~1830 steps/day, d=0.95). Finally, habit development was significantly related to steps/day during (r=.30, P=.004) and following the intervention (r=.27, P=.03).Conclusions:This study suggests that activity trackers may have beneficial effects on physical activity in healthy adults, but benefits vary based on individual factors. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of habit development surrounding the wear and use of activity trackers and the associated software to promote increases in physical activity.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03837366; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03837366
While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit development.BACKGROUNDWhile widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit development.This study aims to determine the utility of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with these behavior change strategies for promoting improvements in active and sedentary behaviors.OBJECTIVEThis study aims to determine the utility of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with these behavior change strategies for promoting improvements in active and sedentary behaviors.A sample of 91 adults (48/91 female, 53%) was randomized to receive a Fitbit Charge alone or in combination with MI and habit education for 12 weeks. Active and sedentary behaviors were assessed pre and post using research-grade activity monitors (ActiGraph and activPAL), and the development of habits surrounding the use of the trackers was assessed postintervention with the Self-Reported Habit Index. During the intervention, Fitbit wear time and activity levels were monitored with the activity trackers. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of the trial on outcomes of physical activity and sedentary time. The influence of habits was examined using correlation coefficients relating habits of tracker use (wearing the tracker and checking data on the tracker and associated app) to Fitbit wear time and activity levels during the intervention and at follow-up.METHODSA sample of 91 adults (48/91 female, 53%) was randomized to receive a Fitbit Charge alone or in combination with MI and habit education for 12 weeks. Active and sedentary behaviors were assessed pre and post using research-grade activity monitors (ActiGraph and activPAL), and the development of habits surrounding the use of the trackers was assessed postintervention with the Self-Reported Habit Index. During the intervention, Fitbit wear time and activity levels were monitored with the activity trackers. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of the trial on outcomes of physical activity and sedentary time. The influence of habits was examined using correlation coefficients relating habits of tracker use (wearing the tracker and checking data on the tracker and associated app) to Fitbit wear time and activity levels during the intervention and at follow-up.Regression analyses revealed no significant differences by group in any of the primary outcomes (all P>.05). However, personal characteristics, including lower baseline activity levels (beta=-.49, P=.01) and lack of previous experience with pedometers (beta=-.23, P=.03) were predictive of greater improvements in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Furthermore, for individuals with higher activity levels at the baseline, MI and habit education were more effective for maintaining these activity levels when compared with receiving a Fitbit alone (eg, small increase of ~48 steps/day, d=0.01, vs large decrease of ~1830 steps/day, d=0.95). Finally, habit development was significantly related to steps/day during (r=.30, P=.004) and following the intervention (r=.27, P=.03).RESULTSRegression analyses revealed no significant differences by group in any of the primary outcomes (all P>.05). However, personal characteristics, including lower baseline activity levels (beta=-.49, P=.01) and lack of previous experience with pedometers (beta=-.23, P=.03) were predictive of greater improvements in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Furthermore, for individuals with higher activity levels at the baseline, MI and habit education were more effective for maintaining these activity levels when compared with receiving a Fitbit alone (eg, small increase of ~48 steps/day, d=0.01, vs large decrease of ~1830 steps/day, d=0.95). Finally, habit development was significantly related to steps/day during (r=.30, P=.004) and following the intervention (r=.27, P=.03).This study suggests that activity trackers may have beneficial effects on physical activity in healthy adults, but benefits vary based on individual factors. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of habit development surrounding the wear and use of activity trackers and the associated software to promote increases in physical activity.CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that activity trackers may have beneficial effects on physical activity in healthy adults, but benefits vary based on individual factors. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of habit development surrounding the wear and use of activity trackers and the associated software to promote increases in physical activity.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03837366; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03837366.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT03837366; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03837366.
BackgroundWhile widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit development. ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the utility of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with these behavior change strategies for promoting improvements in active and sedentary behaviors. MethodsA sample of 91 adults (48/91 female, 53%) was randomized to receive a Fitbit Charge alone or in combination with MI and habit education for 12 weeks. Active and sedentary behaviors were assessed pre and post using research-grade activity monitors (ActiGraph and activPAL), and the development of habits surrounding the use of the trackers was assessed postintervention with the Self-Reported Habit Index. During the intervention, Fitbit wear time and activity levels were monitored with the activity trackers. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of the trial on outcomes of physical activity and sedentary time. The influence of habits was examined using correlation coefficients relating habits of tracker use (wearing the tracker and checking data on the tracker and associated app) to Fitbit wear time and activity levels during the intervention and at follow-up. ResultsRegression analyses revealed no significant differences by group in any of the primary outcomes (all P>.05). However, personal characteristics, including lower baseline activity levels (beta=–.49, P=.01) and lack of previous experience with pedometers (beta=–.23, P=.03) were predictive of greater improvements in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Furthermore, for individuals with higher activity levels at the baseline, MI and habit education were more effective for maintaining these activity levels when compared with receiving a Fitbit alone (eg, small increase of ~48 steps/day, d=0.01, vs large decrease of ~1830 steps/day, d=0.95). Finally, habit development was significantly related to steps/day during (r=.30, P=.004) and following the intervention (r=.27, P=.03). ConclusionsThis study suggests that activity trackers may have beneficial effects on physical activity in healthy adults, but benefits vary based on individual factors. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of habit development surrounding the wear and use of activity trackers and the associated software to promote increases in physical activity. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03837366; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03837366
Author DeShaw, Kathryn J
Ellingson, Laura D
Welk, Gregory J
Lansing, Jeni E
Bai, Yang
Perez, Maria
Phillips, L Alison
Peyer, Karissa L
AuthorAffiliation 4 Department of Psychology Iowa State University Ames, IA United States
2 Department of Health and Human Performance University of Tennessee-Chatanooga Chattanooga, TN United States
1 Department of Kinesiology Iowa State University Ames, IA United States
3 Deparment of Rehabilitation and Movement Science University of Vermont Burlington, VT United States
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Health and Human Performance University of Tennessee-Chatanooga Chattanooga, TN United States
– name: 1 Department of Kinesiology Iowa State University Ames, IA United States
– name: 3 Deparment of Rehabilitation and Movement Science University of Vermont Burlington, VT United States
– name: 4 Department of Psychology Iowa State University Ames, IA United States
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Laura D
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4493-0085
  surname: Ellingson
  fullname: Ellingson, Laura D
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jeni E
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9597-7954
  surname: Lansing
  fullname: Lansing, Jeni E
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Kathryn J
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6718-9421
  surname: DeShaw
  fullname: DeShaw, Kathryn J
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Karissa L
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8691-2232
  surname: Peyer
  fullname: Peyer, Karissa L
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Yang
  orcidid: 0000-0001-6751-3896
  surname: Bai
  fullname: Bai, Yang
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  givenname: Maria
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1597-1278
  surname: Perez
  fullname: Perez, Maria
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  orcidid: 0000-0003-1126-1559
  surname: Phillips
  fullname: Phillips, L Alison
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Gregory J
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7132-9725
  surname: Welk
  fullname: Welk, Gregory J
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30762582$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Laura D Ellingson, Jeni E Lansing, Kathryn J DeShaw, Karissa L Peyer, Yang Bai, Maria Perez, L Alison Phillips, Gregory J Welk. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 14.02.2019.
2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Laura D Ellingson, Jeni E Lansing, Kathryn J DeShaw, Karissa L Peyer, Yang Bai, Maria Perez, L Alison Phillips, Gregory J Welk. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 14.02.2019. 2019
Copyright_xml – notice: Laura D Ellingson, Jeni E Lansing, Kathryn J DeShaw, Karissa L Peyer, Yang Bai, Maria Perez, L Alison Phillips, Gregory J Welk. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 14.02.2019.
– notice: 2019. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: Laura D Ellingson, Jeni E Lansing, Kathryn J DeShaw, Karissa L Peyer, Yang Bai, Maria Perez, L Alison Phillips, Gregory J Welk. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 14.02.2019. 2019
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Issue 2
Keywords habit
activity tracker
mobile phone
mHealth
motivational interviewing
wearable electronic devices
physical activity
Language English
License Laura D Ellingson, Jeni E Lansing, Kathryn J DeShaw, Karissa L Peyer, Yang Bai, Maria Perez, L Alison Phillips, Gregory J Welk. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 14.02.2019.
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Snippet While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be...
Background:While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these...
BackgroundWhile widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these...
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SubjectTerms Accelerometry - instrumentation
Actigraphy - instrumentation
Adult
Aged
Blood pressure
Coaching
Exercise
Exercise - psychology
Female
Fitness Trackers - standards
Fitness Trackers - statistics & numerical data
Habits
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Motivation
Motivational Interviewing - methods
Motivational Interviewing - standards
Motivational Interviewing - statistics & numerical data
Original Paper
Questionnaires
Sedentary Behavior
Software
Telemedicine
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Title Evaluating Motivational Interviewing and Habit Formation to Enhance the Effect of Activity Trackers on Healthy Adults’ Activity Levels: Randomized Intervention
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