Impact of Non-Pulmonary Vein Foci on the Outcome of the Second Session of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Impact of Non‐PV AF Foci on the Second Catheter Ablation for PAF Background Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non‐PV AF foci may also trigger AF. Methods We examined 207 patients (mean age, 62 ± 11 years; 166 men) who underwent a second cat...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology Jg. 26; H. 7; S. 739 - 746
Hauptverfasser:	TAKIGAWA, MASATERU, TAKAHASHI, ATSUSHI, KUWAHARA, TAISHI, OKUBO, KENJI, TAKAHASHI, YOSHIHIDE, NAKASHIMA, EMIKO, WATARI, YUJI, YAMAO, KAZUYA, NAKAJIMA, JUN, TAKAGI, KATSUMASA, KIMURA, SHIGEKI, HIKITA, HIROYUKI, HIRAO, KENZO, ISOBE, MITSUAKI
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2015 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Schlagworte:	Action Potentials Aged atrial fibrillation Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis Atrial Fibrillation - physiopathology Atrial Fibrillation - surgery Catheter Ablation Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac Female focal ablation Heart Conduction System - physiopathology Heart Conduction System - surgery Humans Male Middle Aged non-pulmonary vein foci outcome predictor pulmonary vein isolation Pulmonary Veins - physiopathology Pulmonary Veins - surgery Recurrence Reoperation Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome recurrence atrial fibrillation catheter ablation focal ablation predictor non-pulmonary vein foci pulmonary vein isolation outcome
ISSN:	1045-3873, 1540-8167, 1540-8167
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Abstract	Impact of Non‐PV AF Foci on the Second Catheter Ablation for PAF Background Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non‐PV AF foci may also trigger AF. Methods We examined 207 patients (mean age, 62 ± 11 years; 166 men) who underwent a second catheter ablation (CA) and evaluated the clinical significance of non‐PV AF foci on the outcomes. Results Electrical reconnections between the PVs and left atrium (LA) were observed in 162 patients (78.3%). Non‐PV AF foci were identified in 95 patients (45.9%, 60 patients with successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci and 35 with unmappable non‐PV AF foci). During a median follow‐up period of 22.7 months, 61 patients (29.5%; 18/112 [16.1%] without non‐PV AF foci vs. 20/60 [33.3%] with successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci vs. 23/35 [65.7%] with unmappable non‐PV AF foci, P < 0.0001) developed AF recurrence; 52 (85.2%) developed recurrence within 1 year. The presence of non‐PV AF foci was a significant clinical predictor of AF recurrence after the second CA; successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci increased the AF recurrence risk by 2.24 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–4.54; P = 0.02), and unmappable AF foci increased this risk by 5.58 times (95% CI, 2.73–11.63; P < 0.0001). Conclusion Nearly half of the patients had non‐PV AF foci at the second CA session. AF recurred after the second CA session in approximately 30%, with most recurrences happening within 1 year. The presence of non‐PV AF foci significantly increased the AF recurrence risk after a second CA. When non‐PV AF foci were unmappable, the AF recurrence rate was extremely high.
AbstractList	Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non-PV AF foci may also trigger AF.BACKGROUNDParoxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non-PV AF foci may also trigger AF.We examined 207 patients (mean age, 62 ± 11 years; 166 men) who underwent a second catheter ablation (CA) and evaluated the clinical significance of non-PV AF foci on the outcomes.METHODSWe examined 207 patients (mean age, 62 ± 11 years; 166 men) who underwent a second catheter ablation (CA) and evaluated the clinical significance of non-PV AF foci on the outcomes.Electrical reconnections between the PVs and left atrium (LA) were observed in 162 patients (78.3%). Non-PV AF foci were identified in 95 patients (45.9%, 60 patients with successfully ablated non-PV AF foci and 35 with unmappable non-PV AF foci). During a median follow-up period of 22.7 months, 61 patients (29.5%; 18/112 [16.1%] without non-PV AF foci vs. 20/60 [33.3%] with successfully ablated non-PV AF foci vs. 23/35 [65.7%] with unmappable non-PV AF foci, P < 0.0001) developed AF recurrence; 52 (85.2%) developed recurrence within 1 year. The presence of non-PV AF foci was a significant clinical predictor of AF recurrence after the second CA; successfully ablated non-PV AF foci increased the AF recurrence risk by 2.24 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.54; P = 0.02), and unmappable AF foci increased this risk by 5.58 times (95% CI, 2.73-11.63; P < 0.0001).RESULTSElectrical reconnections between the PVs and left atrium (LA) were observed in 162 patients (78.3%). Non-PV AF foci were identified in 95 patients (45.9%, 60 patients with successfully ablated non-PV AF foci and 35 with unmappable non-PV AF foci). During a median follow-up period of 22.7 months, 61 patients (29.5%; 18/112 [16.1%] without non-PV AF foci vs. 20/60 [33.3%] with successfully ablated non-PV AF foci vs. 23/35 [65.7%] with unmappable non-PV AF foci, P < 0.0001) developed AF recurrence; 52 (85.2%) developed recurrence within 1 year. The presence of non-PV AF foci was a significant clinical predictor of AF recurrence after the second CA; successfully ablated non-PV AF foci increased the AF recurrence risk by 2.24 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.54; P = 0.02), and unmappable AF foci increased this risk by 5.58 times (95% CI, 2.73-11.63; P < 0.0001).Nearly half of the patients had non-PV AF foci at the second CA session. AF recurred after the second CA session in approximately 30%, with most recurrences happening within 1 year. The presence of non-PV AF foci significantly increased the AF recurrence risk after a second CA. When non-PV AF foci were unmappable, the AF recurrence rate was extremely high.CONCLUSIONNearly half of the patients had non-PV AF foci at the second CA session. AF recurred after the second CA session in approximately 30%, with most recurrences happening within 1 year. The presence of non-PV AF foci significantly increased the AF recurrence risk after a second CA. When non-PV AF foci were unmappable, the AF recurrence rate was extremely high. Impact of Non‐PV AF Foci on the Second Catheter Ablation for PAF Background Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non‐PV AF foci may also trigger AF. Methods We examined 207 patients (mean age, 62 ± 11 years; 166 men) who underwent a second catheter ablation (CA) and evaluated the clinical significance of non‐PV AF foci on the outcomes. Results Electrical reconnections between the PVs and left atrium (LA) were observed in 162 patients (78.3%). Non‐PV AF foci were identified in 95 patients (45.9%, 60 patients with successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci and 35 with unmappable non‐PV AF foci). During a median follow‐up period of 22.7 months, 61 patients (29.5%; 18/112 [16.1%] without non‐PV AF foci vs. 20/60 [33.3%] with successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci vs. 23/35 [65.7%] with unmappable non‐PV AF foci, P < 0.0001) developed AF recurrence; 52 (85.2%) developed recurrence within 1 year. The presence of non‐PV AF foci was a significant clinical predictor of AF recurrence after the second CA; successfully ablated non‐PV AF foci increased the AF recurrence risk by 2.24 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–4.54; P = 0.02), and unmappable AF foci increased this risk by 5.58 times (95% CI, 2.73–11.63; P < 0.0001). Conclusion Nearly half of the patients had non‐PV AF foci at the second CA session. AF recurred after the second CA session in approximately 30%, with most recurrences happening within 1 year. The presence of non‐PV AF foci significantly increased the AF recurrence risk after a second CA. When non‐PV AF foci were unmappable, the AF recurrence rate was extremely high. Impact of Non-PV AF Foci on the Second Catheter Ablation for PAF Background Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non-PV AF foci may also trigger AF. Methods We examined 207 patients (mean age, 62 ± 11 years; 166 men) who underwent a second catheter ablation (CA) and evaluated the clinical significance of non-PV AF foci on the outcomes. Results Electrical reconnections between the PVs and left atrium (LA) were observed in 162 patients (78.3%). Non-PV AF foci were identified in 95 patients (45.9%, 60 patients with successfully ablated non-PV AF foci and 35 with unmappable non-PV AF foci). During a median follow-up period of 22.7 months, 61 patients (29.5%; 18/112 [16.1%] without non-PV AF foci vs. 20/60 [33.3%] with successfully ablated non-PV AF foci vs. 23/35 [65.7%] with unmappable non-PV AF foci, P < 0.0001) developed AF recurrence; 52 (85.2%) developed recurrence within 1 year. The presence of non-PV AF foci was a significant clinical predictor of AF recurrence after the second CA; successfully ablated non-PV AF foci increased the AF recurrence risk by 2.24 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.54; P = 0.02), and unmappable AF foci increased this risk by 5.58 times (95% CI, 2.73-11.63; P < 0.0001). Conclusion Nearly half of the patients had non-PV AF foci at the second CA session. AF recurred after the second CA session in approximately 30%, with most recurrences happening within 1 year. The presence of non-PV AF foci significantly increased the AF recurrence risk after a second CA. When non-PV AF foci were unmappable, the AF recurrence rate was extremely high. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non-PV AF foci may also trigger AF. We examined 207 patients (mean age, 62 ± 11 years; 166 men) who underwent a second catheter ablation (CA) and evaluated the clinical significance of non-PV AF foci on the outcomes. Electrical reconnections between the PVs and left atrium (LA) were observed in 162 patients (78.3%). Non-PV AF foci were identified in 95 patients (45.9%, 60 patients with successfully ablated non-PV AF foci and 35 with unmappable non-PV AF foci). During a median follow-up period of 22.7 months, 61 patients (29.5%; 18/112 [16.1%] without non-PV AF foci vs. 20/60 [33.3%] with successfully ablated non-PV AF foci vs. 23/35 [65.7%] with unmappable non-PV AF foci, P < 0.0001) developed AF recurrence; 52 (85.2%) developed recurrence within 1 year. The presence of non-PV AF foci was a significant clinical predictor of AF recurrence after the second CA; successfully ablated non-PV AF foci increased the AF recurrence risk by 2.24 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-4.54; P = 0.02), and unmappable AF foci increased this risk by 5.58 times (95% CI, 2.73-11.63; P < 0.0001). Nearly half of the patients had non-PV AF foci at the second CA session. AF recurred after the second CA session in approximately 30%, with most recurrences happening within 1 year. The presence of non-PV AF foci significantly increased the AF recurrence risk after a second CA. When non-PV AF foci were unmappable, the AF recurrence rate was extremely high.
Author	NAKAJIMA, JUN KIMURA, SHIGEKI TAKIGAWA, MASATERU HIRAO, KENZO YAMAO, KAZUYA WATARI, YUJI TAKAHASHI, ATSUSHI NAKASHIMA, EMIKO KUWAHARA, TAISHI ISOBE, MITSUAKI TAKAHASHI, YOSHIHIDE TAKAGI, KATSUMASA HIKITA, HIROYUKI OKUBO, KENJI
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Keywords	recurrence atrial fibrillation catheter ablation focal ablation predictor non-pulmonary vein foci pulmonary vein isolation outcome
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References	Narayan SM, Krummen DE, Shivkumar K, Clopton P, Rappel WJ, Miller JM: Treatment of atrial fibrillation by the ablation of localized sources: CONFIRM (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:628-636. Nademanee K, McKenzie J, Kosar E, Schwab M, Sunsaneewitayakul B, Vasavakul T, Khunnawat C, Ngarmukos T: A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2044-2053. Takigawa M, Takahashi A, Kuwahara T, Okubo K, Takahashi Y, Watari Y, Takagi K, Fujino T, Kimura S, Hikita H, Tomita M, Hirao K, Isobe M: Long-term follow-up after catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: The incidence of recurrence and progression of atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:267-273. Goya M, Ouyang F, Ernst S, Volkmer M, Antz M, Kuck KH: Electroanatomic mapping and catheter ablation of breakthroughs from the right atrium to the superior vena cava in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2002;106:1317-1320. Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Shah DC, Garrigue S, Takahashi A, Lavergne T, Hocini M, Peng JT, Roudaut R, Clémenty J: Electrophysiological end point for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated from multiple pulmonary venous foci. Circulation 2000;101:1409-1417. Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G, Garrigue S, LeMouroux A, LeMétayer P, Clémenty J: Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 1998;339:659-666. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); European Cardiac Arrhythmia Scoiety (ECAS); American College of Cardiology (ACC); American Heart Association (AHA); Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), Calkins H, Brugada J, Packer DL, Cappato R, Chen SA, Crijns HJ, Damiano RJJr, Davies DW, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Iesaka Y, Jackman W, Jais P, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Lindsay BD, Marchlinski FE, McCarthy PM, Mont JL, Morady F, Nademanee K, Natale A, Pappone C, Prystowsky E, Raviele A, Ruskin JN, Shemin RJ: HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow-up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:816-861. Mehall JR, Kohut RMJr, Schneeberger EW, Taketani T, Merrill WH, Wolf RK: Intraoperative epicardial electrophysiologic mapping and isolation of autonomic ganglionic plexi. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83:538-541. Winkle RA, Mead RH, Engel G, Patrawala RA: Long-term results of atrial fibrillation ablation: The importance of all initial ablation failures undergoing a repeat ablation. Am Heart J 2011;162:193-200. Medi C, Sparks PB, Morton JB, Kistler PM, Halloran K, Rosso R, Vohra JK, Kumar S, Kalman JM: Pulmonary vein antral isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Results from long-term follow-up. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:137-141. Ouyang F, Tilz R, Chun J, Schmidt B, Wissner E, Zerm T, Neven K, Köktürk B, Konstantinidou M, Metzner A, Fuernkranz A, Kuck KH: Long-term results of catheter ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Lessons from a 5-year follow-up. Circulation 2010;122:2368-2377. Ganesan AN, Shipp NJ, Brooks AG, Kuklik P, Lau DH, Lim HS, Sullivan T, Roberts-Thomson KC, Sanders P: Long-term outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2:e004549. Jaïs P, Hocini M, Hsu LF, Sanders P, Scavee C, Weerasooriya R, Macle L, Raybaud F, Garrigue S, Shah DC, LeMetayer P, Clémenty J, Haïssaguerre M: Technique and results of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus. Circulation 2004;110:2996-3002. Shah D, Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Hocini M: Nonpulmonary vein foci: Do they exist? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003;26:1631-1635. Lin WS, Tai CT, Hsieh MH, Tsai CF, Lin YK, Tsao HM, Huang JL, Yu WC, Yang SP, Ding YA, Chang MS, Chen SA: Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by non-pulmonary vein ectopy. Circulation 2003;107:3176-3183. Higuchi K, Yamauchi Y, Hirao K, Sasaki T, Hachiya H, Sekiguchi Y, Nitta J, Isobe M: Superior vena cava as initiator of atrial fibrillation: Factors related to its arrhythmogenicity. Heart Rhythm 2010;7:1186-1191. Katritsis D, Wood MA, Giazitzoglou E, Shepard RK, Kourlaba G, Ellenbogen KA: Long-term follow-up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace 2008;10:419-424. Hocini M, Jaïs P, Sanders P, Takahashi Y, Rotter M, Rostock T, Hsu LF, Sacher F, Reuter S, Clémenty J, Haïssaguerre M: Techniques, evaluation, and consequences of linear block at the left atrial roof in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study. Circulation 2005;112:3688-3696. Katritsis DG, Giazitzoglou E, Zografos T, Pokushalov E, Po SS, Camm AJ: Rapid pulmonary vein isolation combined with autonomic ganglia modification: A randomized study. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:672-678. Hachiya H, Hirao K, Takahashi A, Nagata Y, Suzuki K, Maeda S, Sasaki T, Kawabata M, Isobe M, Iesaka Y: Clinical implications of reconnection between the left atrium and isolated pulmonary veins provoked by adenosine triphosphate after extensive encircling pulmonary vein isolation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;18:392-398. Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Dixit S, Zado E, Marchlinski FE: Incidence and location of focal atrial fibrillation triggers in patients undergoing repeat pulmonary vein isolation: Implications for ablation strategies. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003;14:685-690. Sauer WH, McKernan ML, Lin D, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE: Clinical predictors and outcomes associated with acute return of pulmonary vein conduction during pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2006;3:1024-1028. Nademanee K, Lockwood E, Oketani N, Gidney B: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation guided by complex fractionated atrial electrogram mapping of atrial fibrillation substrate. J Cardiol 2010;55:1-12. 2004; 43 2007; 18 2010; 55 2012; 60 2004; 110 2003; 107 2013; 2 2005; 112 1998; 339 2002; 106 2010; 122 2003; 14 2011; 22 2003; 26 2008; 10 2007; 4 2006; 3 2007; 83 2000; 101 2011; 162 2014; 7 2010; 7 2011; 8 e_1_2_7_6_1 e_1_2_7_5_1 e_1_2_7_4_1 e_1_2_7_3_1 e_1_2_7_9_1 e_1_2_7_8_1 e_1_2_7_7_1 e_1_2_7_19_1 e_1_2_7_18_1 e_1_2_7_17_1 e_1_2_7_16_1 e_1_2_7_2_1 e_1_2_7_15_1 e_1_2_7_14_1 e_1_2_7_13_1 e_1_2_7_24_1 e_1_2_7_12_1 e_1_2_7_23_1 e_1_2_7_22_1 e_1_2_7_10_1 e_1_2_7_21_1 e_1_2_7_20_1 European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); European Cardiac Arrhythmia Scoiety (ECAS); American College of Cardiology (ACC); American Heart Association (AHA); Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) (e_1_2_7_11_1) 2007; 4
References_xml	– reference: Takigawa M, Takahashi A, Kuwahara T, Okubo K, Takahashi Y, Watari Y, Takagi K, Fujino T, Kimura S, Hikita H, Tomita M, Hirao K, Isobe M: Long-term follow-up after catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: The incidence of recurrence and progression of atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:267-273. – reference: Higuchi K, Yamauchi Y, Hirao K, Sasaki T, Hachiya H, Sekiguchi Y, Nitta J, Isobe M: Superior vena cava as initiator of atrial fibrillation: Factors related to its arrhythmogenicity. Heart Rhythm 2010;7:1186-1191. – reference: European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA); European Cardiac Arrhythmia Scoiety (ECAS); American College of Cardiology (ACC); American Heart Association (AHA); Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), Calkins H, Brugada J, Packer DL, Cappato R, Chen SA, Crijns HJ, Damiano RJJr, Davies DW, Haines DE, Haissaguerre M, Iesaka Y, Jackman W, Jais P, Kottkamp H, Kuck KH, Lindsay BD, Marchlinski FE, McCarthy PM, Mont JL, Morady F, Nademanee K, Natale A, Pappone C, Prystowsky E, Raviele A, Ruskin JN, Shemin RJ: HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow-up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:816-861. – reference: Goya M, Ouyang F, Ernst S, Volkmer M, Antz M, Kuck KH: Electroanatomic mapping and catheter ablation of breakthroughs from the right atrium to the superior vena cava in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2002;106:1317-1320. – reference: Mehall JR, Kohut RMJr, Schneeberger EW, Taketani T, Merrill WH, Wolf RK: Intraoperative epicardial electrophysiologic mapping and isolation of autonomic ganglionic plexi. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83:538-541. – reference: Narayan SM, Krummen DE, Shivkumar K, Clopton P, Rappel WJ, Miller JM: Treatment of atrial fibrillation by the ablation of localized sources: CONFIRM (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:628-636. – reference: Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G, Garrigue S, LeMouroux A, LeMétayer P, Clémenty J: Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med 1998;339:659-666. – reference: Ganesan AN, Shipp NJ, Brooks AG, Kuklik P, Lau DH, Lim HS, Sullivan T, Roberts-Thomson KC, Sanders P: Long-term outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2013;2:e004549. – reference: Katritsis D, Wood MA, Giazitzoglou E, Shepard RK, Kourlaba G, Ellenbogen KA: Long-term follow-up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Europace 2008;10:419-424. – reference: Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Dixit S, Zado E, Marchlinski FE: Incidence and location of focal atrial fibrillation triggers in patients undergoing repeat pulmonary vein isolation: Implications for ablation strategies. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003;14:685-690. – reference: Medi C, Sparks PB, Morton JB, Kistler PM, Halloran K, Rosso R, Vohra JK, Kumar S, Kalman JM: Pulmonary vein antral isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Results from long-term follow-up. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:137-141. – reference: Hocini M, Jaïs P, Sanders P, Takahashi Y, Rotter M, Rostock T, Hsu LF, Sacher F, Reuter S, Clémenty J, Haïssaguerre M: Techniques, evaluation, and consequences of linear block at the left atrial roof in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study. Circulation 2005;112:3688-3696. – reference: Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Shah DC, Garrigue S, Takahashi A, Lavergne T, Hocini M, Peng JT, Roudaut R, Clémenty J: Electrophysiological end point for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated from multiple pulmonary venous foci. Circulation 2000;101:1409-1417. – reference: Sauer WH, McKernan ML, Lin D, Gerstenfeld EP, Callans DJ, Marchlinski FE: Clinical predictors and outcomes associated with acute return of pulmonary vein conduction during pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2006;3:1024-1028. – reference: Nademanee K, Lockwood E, Oketani N, Gidney B: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation guided by complex fractionated atrial electrogram mapping of atrial fibrillation substrate. J Cardiol 2010;55:1-12. – reference: Lin WS, Tai CT, Hsieh MH, Tsai CF, Lin YK, Tsao HM, Huang JL, Yu WC, Yang SP, Ding YA, Chang MS, Chen SA: Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by non-pulmonary vein ectopy. Circulation 2003;107:3176-3183. – reference: Shah D, Haïssaguerre M, Jaïs P, Hocini M: Nonpulmonary vein foci: Do they exist? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2003;26:1631-1635. – reference: Nademanee K, McKenzie J, Kosar E, Schwab M, Sunsaneewitayakul B, Vasavakul T, Khunnawat C, Ngarmukos T: A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:2044-2053. – reference: Hachiya H, Hirao K, Takahashi A, Nagata Y, Suzuki K, Maeda S, Sasaki T, Kawabata M, Isobe M, Iesaka Y: Clinical implications of reconnection between the left atrium and isolated pulmonary veins provoked by adenosine triphosphate after extensive encircling pulmonary vein isolation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007;18:392-398. – reference: Ouyang F, Tilz R, Chun J, Schmidt B, Wissner E, Zerm T, Neven K, Köktürk B, Konstantinidou M, Metzner A, Fuernkranz A, Kuck KH: Long-term results of catheter ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Lessons from a 5-year follow-up. Circulation 2010;122:2368-2377. – reference: Jaïs P, Hocini M, Hsu LF, Sanders P, Scavee C, Weerasooriya R, Macle L, Raybaud F, Garrigue S, Shah DC, LeMetayer P, Clémenty J, Haïssaguerre M: Technique and results of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus. Circulation 2004;110:2996-3002. – reference: Winkle RA, Mead RH, Engel G, Patrawala RA: Long-term results of atrial fibrillation ablation: The importance of all initial ablation failures undergoing a repeat ablation. Am Heart J 2011;162:193-200. – reference: Katritsis DG, Giazitzoglou E, Zografos T, Pokushalov E, Po SS, Camm AJ: Rapid pulmonary vein isolation combined with autonomic ganglia modification: A randomized study. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:672-678. – volume: 122 start-page: 2368 year: 2010 end-page: 2377 article-title: Long‐term results of catheter ablation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Lessons from a 5‐year follow‐up publication-title: Circulation – volume: 7 start-page: 267 year: 2014 end-page: 273 article-title: Long‐term follow‐up after catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: The incidence of recurrence and progression of atrial fibrillation publication-title: Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol – volume: 106 start-page: 1317 year: 2002 end-page: 1320 article-title: Electroanatomic mapping and catheter ablation of breakthroughs from the right atrium to the superior vena cava in patients with atrial fibrillation publication-title: Circulation – volume: 339 start-page: 659 year: 1998 end-page: 666 article-title: Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating from the pulmonary veins publication-title: N Engl J Med – volume: 2 start-page: e004549 year: 2013 article-title: Long‐term outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis publication-title: J Am Heart Assoc – volume: 22 start-page: 137 year: 2011 end-page: 141 article-title: Pulmonary vein antral isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: Results from long‐term follow‐up publication-title: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol – volume: 8 start-page: 672 year: 2011 end-page: 678 article-title: Rapid pulmonary vein isolation combined with autonomic ganglia modification: A randomized study publication-title: Heart Rhythm – volume: 26 start-page: 1631 year: 2003 end-page: 1635 article-title: Nonpulmonary vein foci: Do they exist publication-title: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol – volume: 101 start-page: 1409 year: 2000 end-page: 1417 article-title: Electrophysiological end point for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation initiated from multiple pulmonary venous foci publication-title: Circulation – volume: 112 start-page: 3688 year: 2005 end-page: 3696 article-title: Techniques, evaluation, and consequences of linear block at the left atrial roof in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study publication-title: Circulation – volume: 83 start-page: 538 year: 2007 end-page: 541 article-title: Intraoperative epicardial electrophysiologic mapping and isolation of autonomic ganglionic plexi publication-title: Ann Thorac Surg – volume: 43 start-page: 2044 year: 2004 end-page: 2053 article-title: A new approach for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Mapping of the electrophysiologic substrate publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol – volume: 60 start-page: 628 year: 2012 end-page: 636 article-title: Treatment of atrial fibrillation by the ablation of localized sources: CONFIRM (Conventional Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation With or Without Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation) trial publication-title: J Am Coll Cardiol – volume: 10 start-page: 419 year: 2008 end-page: 424 article-title: Long‐term follow‐up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation publication-title: Europace – volume: 55 start-page: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 12 article-title: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation guided by complex fractionated atrial electrogram mapping of atrial fibrillation substrate publication-title: J Cardiol – volume: 14 start-page: 685 year: 2003 end-page: 690 article-title: Incidence and location of focal atrial fibrillation triggers in patients undergoing repeat pulmonary vein isolation: Implications for ablation strategies publication-title: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol – volume: 162 start-page: 193 year: 2011 end-page: 200 article-title: Long‐term results of atrial fibrillation ablation: The importance of all initial ablation failures undergoing a repeat ablation publication-title: Am Heart J – volume: 18 start-page: 392 year: 2007 end-page: 398 article-title: Clinical implications of reconnection between the left atrium and isolated pulmonary veins provoked by adenosine triphosphate after extensive encircling pulmonary vein isolation publication-title: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol – volume: 7 start-page: 1186 year: 2010 end-page: 1191 article-title: Superior vena cava as initiator of atrial fibrillation: Factors related to its arrhythmogenicity publication-title: Heart Rhythm – volume: 107 start-page: 3176 year: 2003 end-page: 3183 article-title: Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation initiated by non–pulmonary vein ectopy publication-title: Circulation – volume: 110 start-page: 2996 year: 2004 end-page: 3002 article-title: Technique and results of linear ablation at the mitral isthmus publication-title: Circulation – volume: 4 start-page: 816 year: 2007 end-page: 861 article-title: HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow‐up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation publication-title: Heart Rhythm – volume: 3 start-page: 1024 year: 2006 end-page: 1028 article-title: Clinical predictors and outcomes associated with acute return of pulmonary vein conduction during pulmonary vein isolation for treatment of atrial fibrillation publication-title: Heart Rhythm – ident: e_1_2_7_3_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2007.01071.x – ident: e_1_2_7_13_1 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000033115.92612.F4 – ident: e_1_2_7_17_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.03013.x – ident: e_1_2_7_10_1 doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.113.000471 – ident: e_1_2_7_12_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00753.x – ident: e_1_2_7_19_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.t01-1-00243.x – volume: 4 start-page: 816 year: 2007 ident: e_1_2_7_11_1 article-title: HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Recommendations for personnel, policy, procedures and follow‐up. A report of the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) Task Force on Catheter and Surgical Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation publication-title: Heart Rhythm doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.04.005 – ident: e_1_2_7_20_1 doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.09.022 – ident: e_1_2_7_15_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1540-8167.2004.04524.x – ident: e_1_2_7_21_1 doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.12.047 – ident: e_1_2_7_18_1 doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2006.05.007 – ident: e_1_2_7_4_1 doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000074206.52056.2D – ident: e_1_2_7_22_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2003.12.054 – ident: e_1_2_7_2_1 doi: 10.1056/NEJM199809033391003 – ident: e_1_2_7_24_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.05.022 – ident: e_1_2_7_5_1 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.946806 – ident: e_1_2_7_14_1 doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2010.05.017 – ident: e_1_2_7_6_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.04.013 – ident: e_1_2_7_9_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01885.x – ident: e_1_2_7_8_1 doi: 10.1093/europace/eun018 – ident: e_1_2_7_16_1 doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.541052 – ident: e_1_2_7_7_1 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.004549 – ident: e_1_2_7_23_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2009.11.002
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Snippet	Impact of Non‐PV AF Foci on the Second Catheter Ablation for PAF Background Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins... Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non-PV AF foci may also trigger AF. We examined 207 patients... Impact of Non-PV AF Foci on the Second Catheter Ablation for PAF Background Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins... Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is primarily triggered by pulmonary veins (PVs). However, non-PV AF foci may also trigger AF.BACKGROUNDParoxysmal atrial...
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SubjectTerms	Action Potentials Aged atrial fibrillation Atrial Fibrillation - diagnosis Atrial Fibrillation - physiopathology Atrial Fibrillation - surgery Catheter Ablation Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac Female focal ablation Heart Conduction System - physiopathology Heart Conduction System - surgery Humans Male Middle Aged non-pulmonary vein foci outcome predictor pulmonary vein isolation Pulmonary Veins - physiopathology Pulmonary Veins - surgery Recurrence Reoperation Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Time Factors Treatment Outcome
Title	Impact of Non-Pulmonary Vein Foci on the Outcome of the Second Session of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
URI	https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-57B3QRCN-N/fulltext.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fjce.12681 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25845757 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1696042499 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1697218463
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