Distinct aging profiles of CD8+ T cells in blood versus gastrointestinal mucosal compartments

A hallmark of human immunosenescence is the accumulation of late-differentiated memory CD8+ T cells with features of replicative senescence, such as inability to proliferate, absence of CD28 expression, shortened telomeres, loss of telomerase activity, enhanced activation, and increased secretion of...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 12; číslo 8; s. e0182498
Hlavní autoři:	Dock, Jeffrey, Ramirez, Christina M., Hultin, Lance, Hausner, Mary Ann, Hultin, Patricia, Elliott, Julie, Yang, Otto O., Anton, Peter A., Jamieson, Beth D., Effros, Rita B.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 23.08.2017 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adaptive systems Age Aging AIDS Antigens Bioaccumulation Biology and life sciences Blood Blood cells CD25 antigen CD28 antigen CD3 antigen CD38 antigen CD45RA antigen CD57 antigen CD8 antigen CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology Cell activation Cell Proliferation Cellular Senescence Chronic illnesses Colon Compartments Computer memory Cytokines Cytomegalovirus Differentiation Digestive system Digestive tract Flow Cytometry Gastrointestinal tract Geriatrics Gut-associated lymphoid tissues Health care Health risks Hematology Histocompatibility antigen HLA HIV Homeostasis Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune status Immune system Immunological memory In vitro methods and tests Infections Infectious diseases Inflammation Intestinal Mucosa - cytology Laboratories Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Medicine Medicine and health sciences Morbidity Mortality Mortality risk Mucosa Older people Oncology Public health Senescence Studies Telomerase Tissues Los Angeles California United States > US
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Abstract	A hallmark of human immunosenescence is the accumulation of late-differentiated memory CD8+ T cells with features of replicative senescence, such as inability to proliferate, absence of CD28 expression, shortened telomeres, loss of telomerase activity, enhanced activation, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, oligoclonal expansions of these cells are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk in elderly humans. Currently, most information on the adaptive immune system is derived from studies using peripheral blood, which contains approximately only 2% of total body lymphocytes. However, most lymphocytes reside in tissues. It is not clear how representative blood changes are of the total immune status. This is especially relevant with regard to the human gastrointestinal tract (GALT), a major reservoir of total body lymphocytes (approximately 60%) and an anatomical region of high antigenic exposure. To assess how peripheral blood T cells relate to those in other locations, we compare CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood and the GALT, specifically rectosigmoid colon, in young/middle age, healthy donors, focusing on phenotypic and functional alterations previously linked to senescence in peripheral blood. Overall, our results indicate that gut CD8+ T cells show profiles suggestive of greater differentiation and activation than those in peripheral blood. Specifically, compared to blood from the same individual, the gut contains significantly greater proportions of CD8+ T cells that are CD45RA- (memory), CD28-, CD45RA-CD28+ (early memory), CD45RA-CD28- (late memory), CD25-, HLA-DR+CD38+ (activated) and Ki-67+ (proliferating); ex vivo CD3+ telomerase activity levels are greater in the gut as well. However, gut CD8+ T cells may not necessarily be more senescent, since they expressed significantly lower levels of CD57 and PD-1 on CD45RO+ memory cells, and had in vitro proliferative dynamics similar to that of blood cells. Compartment-specific age-effects in this cohort were evident as well. Blood cells showed a significant increase with age in proportion of HLA-DR+38+, Ki-67+ and CD25+ CD8+ T cells; and an increase in total CD3+ ex-vivo telomerase activity that approached significance. By contrast, the only age-effect seen in the gut was a significant increase in CD45RA- (memory) and concurrent decrease in CD45RA+CD28+ (naïve) CD8+ T cells. Overall, these results indicate dynamics of peripheral blood immune senescence may not hold true in the gut mucosa, underscoring the importance for further study of this immunologically important tissue in evaluating the human immune system, especially in the context of chronic disease and aging.
AbstractList	A hallmark of human immunosenescence is the accumulation of late-differentiated memory CD8+ T cells with features of replicative senescence, such as inability to proliferate, absence of CD28 expression, shortened telomeres, loss of telomerase activity, enhanced activation, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, oligoclonal expansions of these cells are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk in elderly humans. Currently, most information on the adaptive immune system is derived from studies using peripheral blood, which contains approximately only 2% of total body lymphocytes. However, most lymphocytes reside in tissues. It is not clear how representative blood changes are of the total immune status. This is especially relevant with regard to the human gastrointestinal tract (GALT), a major reservoir of total body lymphocytes (approximately 60%) and an anatomical region of high antigenic exposure. To assess how peripheral blood T cells relate to those in other locations, we compare CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood and the GALT, specifically rectosigmoid colon, in young/middle age, healthy donors, focusing on phenotypic and functional alterations previously linked to senescence in peripheral blood. Overall, our results indicate that gut CD8+ T cells show profiles suggestive of greater differentiation and activation than those in peripheral blood. Specifically, compared to blood from the same individual, the gut contains significantly greater proportions of CD8+ T cells that are CD45RA- (memory), CD28-, CD45RA-CD28+ (early memory), CD45RA-CD28- (late memory), CD25-, HLA-DR+CD38+ (activated) and Ki-67+ (proliferating); ex vivo CD3+ telomerase activity levels are greater in the gut as well. However, gut CD8+ T cells may not necessarily be more senescent, since they expressed significantly lower levels of CD57 and PD-1 on CD45RO+ memory cells, and had in vitro proliferative dynamics similar to that of blood cells. Compartment-specific age-effects in this cohort were evident as well. Blood cells showed a significant increase with age in proportion of HLA-DR+38+, Ki-67+ and CD25+ CD8+ T cells; and an increase in total CD3+ ex-vivo telomerase activity that approached significance. By contrast, the only age-effect seen in the gut was a significant increase in CD45RA- (memory) and concurrent decrease in CD45RA+CD28+ (naïve) CD8+ T cells. Overall, these results indicate dynamics of peripheral blood immune senescence may not hold true in the gut mucosa, underscoring the importance for further study of this immunologically important tissue in evaluating the human immune system, especially in the context of chronic disease and aging.A hallmark of human immunosenescence is the accumulation of late-differentiated memory CD8+ T cells with features of replicative senescence, such as inability to proliferate, absence of CD28 expression, shortened telomeres, loss of telomerase activity, enhanced activation, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, oligoclonal expansions of these cells are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk in elderly humans. Currently, most information on the adaptive immune system is derived from studies using peripheral blood, which contains approximately only 2% of total body lymphocytes. However, most lymphocytes reside in tissues. It is not clear how representative blood changes are of the total immune status. This is especially relevant with regard to the human gastrointestinal tract (GALT), a major reservoir of total body lymphocytes (approximately 60%) and an anatomical region of high antigenic exposure. To assess how peripheral blood T cells relate to those in other locations, we compare CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood and the GALT, specifically rectosigmoid colon, in young/middle age, healthy donors, focusing on phenotypic and functional alterations previously linked to senescence in peripheral blood. Overall, our results indicate that gut CD8+ T cells show profiles suggestive of greater differentiation and activation than those in peripheral blood. Specifically, compared to blood from the same individual, the gut contains significantly greater proportions of CD8+ T cells that are CD45RA- (memory), CD28-, CD45RA-CD28+ (early memory), CD45RA-CD28- (late memory), CD25-, HLA-DR+CD38+ (activated) and Ki-67+ (proliferating); ex vivo CD3+ telomerase activity levels are greater in the gut as well. However, gut CD8+ T cells may not necessarily be more senescent, since they expressed significantly lower levels of CD57 and PD-1 on CD45RO+ memory cells, and had in vitro proliferative dynamics similar to that of blood cells. Compartment-specific age-effects in this cohort were evident as well. Blood cells showed a significant increase with age in proportion of HLA-DR+38+, Ki-67+ and CD25+ CD8+ T cells; and an increase in total CD3+ ex-vivo telomerase activity that approached significance. By contrast, the only age-effect seen in the gut was a significant increase in CD45RA- (memory) and concurrent decrease in CD45RA+CD28+ (naïve) CD8+ T cells. Overall, these results indicate dynamics of peripheral blood immune senescence may not hold true in the gut mucosa, underscoring the importance for further study of this immunologically important tissue in evaluating the human immune system, especially in the context of chronic disease and aging. A hallmark of human immunosenescence is the accumulation of late-differentiated memory CD8+ T cells with features of replicative senescence, such as inability to proliferate, absence of CD28 expression, shortened telomeres, loss of telomerase activity, enhanced activation, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, oligoclonal expansions of these cells are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk in elderly humans. Currently, most information on the adaptive immune system is derived from studies using peripheral blood, which contains approximately only 2% of total body lymphocytes. However, most lymphocytes reside in tissues. It is not clear how representative blood changes are of the total immune status. This is especially relevant with regard to the human gastrointestinal tract (GALT), a major reservoir of total body lymphocytes (approximately 60%) and an anatomical region of high antigenic exposure. To assess how peripheral blood T cells relate to those in other locations, we compare CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood and the GALT, specifically rectosigmoid colon, in young/middle age, healthy donors, focusing on phenotypic and functional alterations previously linked to senescence in peripheral blood. Overall, our results indicate that gut CD8+ T cells show profiles suggestive of greater differentiation and activation than those in peripheral blood. Specifically, compared to blood from the same individual, the gut contains significantly greater proportions of CD8+ T cells that are CD45RA- (memory), CD28-, CD45RA-CD28+ (early memory), CD45RA-CD28- (late memory), CD25-, HLA-DR+CD38+ (activated) and Ki-67+ (proliferating); ex vivo CD3+ telomerase activity levels are greater in the gut as well. However, gut CD8+ T cells may not necessarily be more senescent, since they expressed significantly lower levels of CD57 and PD-1 on CD45RO+ memory cells, and had in vitro proliferative dynamics similar to that of blood cells. Compartment-specific age-effects in this cohort were evident as well. Blood cells showed a significant increase with age in proportion of HLA-DR+38+, Ki-67+ and CD25+ CD8+ T cells; and an increase in total CD3+ ex-vivo telomerase activity that approached significance. By contrast, the only age-effect seen in the gut was a significant increase in CD45RA- (memory) and concurrent decrease in CD45RA+CD28+ (naïve) CD8+ T cells. Overall, these results indicate dynamics of peripheral blood immune senescence may not hold true in the gut mucosa, underscoring the importance for further study of this immunologically important tissue in evaluating the human immune system, especially in the context of chronic disease and aging. A hallmark of human immunosenescence is the accumulation of late-differentiated memory CD8+ T cells with features of replicative senescence, such as inability to proliferate, absence of CD28 expression, shortened telomeres, loss of telomerase activity, enhanced activation, and increased secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, oligoclonal expansions of these cells are associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk in elderly humans. Currently, most information on the adaptive immune system is derived from studies using peripheral blood, which contains approximately only 2% of total body lymphocytes. However, most lymphocytes reside in tissues. It is not clear how representative blood changes are of the total immune status. This is especially relevant with regard to the human gastrointestinal tract (GALT), a major reservoir of total body lymphocytes (approximately 60%) and an anatomical region of high antigenic exposure. To assess how peripheral blood T cells relate to those in other locations, we compare CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood and the GALT, specifically rectosigmoid colon, in young/middle age, healthy donors, focusing on phenotypic and functional alterations previously linked to senescence in peripheral blood. Overall, our results indicate that gut CD8+ T cells show profiles suggestive of greater differentiation and activation than those in peripheral blood. Specifically, compared to blood from the same individual, the gut contains significantly greater proportions of CD8+ T cells that are CD45RA- (memory), CD28-, CD45RA-CD28+ (early memory), CD45RA-CD28- (late memory), CD25-, HLA-DR+CD38+ (activated) and Ki-67+ (proliferating); ex vivo CD3+ telomerase activity levels are greater in the gut as well. However, gut CD8+ T cells may not necessarily be more senescent, since they expressed significantly lower levels of CD57 and PD-1 on CD45RO+ memory cells, and had in vitro proliferative dynamics similar to that of blood cells. Compartment-specific age-effects in this cohort were evident as well. Blood cells showed a significant increase with age in proportion of HLA-DR+38+, Ki-67+ and CD25+ CD8+ T cells; and an increase in total CD3+ ex-vivo telomerase activity that approached significance. By contrast, the only age-effect seen in the gut was a significant increase in CD45RA- (memory) and concurrent decrease in CD45RA+CD28+ (naïve) CD8+ T cells. Overall, these results indicate dynamics of peripheral blood immune senescence may not hold true in the gut mucosa, underscoring the importance for further study of this immunologically important tissue in evaluating the human immune system, especially in the context of chronic disease and aging.
Author	Dock, Jeffrey Ramirez, Christina M. Hausner, Mary Ann Yang, Otto O. Hultin, Lance Jamieson, Beth D. Elliott, Julie Anton, Peter A. Hultin, Patricia Effros, Rita B.
AuthorAffiliation	3 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America 8 Department of Microbiology Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America 5 Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America 6 Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America 7 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America 2 De
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 5 Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America – name: Emory University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES – name: 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America – name: 2 Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America – name: 6 Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America – name: 7 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America – name: 9 AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America – name: 3 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America – name: 8 Department of Microbiology Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America – name: 4 UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28832609$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	2017 Dock et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2017 Dock et al 2017 Dock et al
Copyright_xml	– notice: 2017 Dock et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2017 Dock et al 2017 Dock et al
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Snippet	A hallmark of human immunosenescence is the accumulation of late-differentiated memory CD8+ T cells with features of replicative senescence, such as inability...
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SubjectTerms	Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adaptive systems Age Aging AIDS Antigens Bioaccumulation Biology and life sciences Blood Blood cells CD25 antigen CD28 antigen CD3 antigen CD38 antigen CD45RA antigen CD57 antigen CD8 antigen CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - cytology Cell activation Cell Proliferation Cellular Senescence Chronic illnesses Colon Compartments Computer memory Cytokines Cytomegalovirus Differentiation Digestive system Digestive tract Flow Cytometry Gastrointestinal tract Geriatrics Gut-associated lymphoid tissues Health care Health risks Hematology Histocompatibility antigen HLA HIV Homeostasis Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immune status Immune system Immunological memory In vitro methods and tests Infections Infectious diseases Inflammation Intestinal Mucosa - cytology Laboratories Lymphocytes Lymphocytes T Medicine Medicine and health sciences Morbidity Mortality Mortality risk Mucosa Older people Oncology Public health Senescence Studies Telomerase Tissues
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Title	Distinct aging profiles of CD8+ T cells in blood versus gastrointestinal mucosal compartments
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