Association between hemoglobin glycation index with insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis in non-diabetic individuals

Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), defined as the difference between the observed HbA1c value and the value of HbA1c predicted from plasma glucose levels, represents a measure of the degree of non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin and it has been found to be positively associated with micro- and macr...

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Published in:PloS one Vol. 12; no. 4; p. e0175547
Main Authors: Marini, Maria Adelaide, Fiorentino, Teresa Vanessa, Succurro, Elena, Pedace, Elisabetta, Andreozzi, Francesco, Sciacqua, Angela, Perticone, Francesco, Sesti, Giorgio
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 20.04.2017
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Acids
Adult
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Bioindicators
Biology and life sciences
Blood
Blood pressure
Body mass
C-reactive protein
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Carotid Artery Diseases - metabolism
Complement component C3
Complications
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Erythrocytes
Fasting
Female
Fibrinogen
Glucose
Glycated Hemoglobin - metabolism
Glycosylation
Health risks
Hemoglobin
High density lipoprotein
Humans
Inflammation
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Laboratory testing
Leukocytes
Male
Medicine and health sciences
Middle Aged
Mortality
Offspring
Regression analysis
Regression models
Risk analysis
Risk assessment
Risk factors
Sedimentation
Sensitivity
Triglycerides
Ultrasound
Uric acid
Italy
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Summary:Hemoglobin glycation index (HGI), defined as the difference between the observed HbA1c value and the value of HbA1c predicted from plasma glucose levels, represents a measure of the degree of non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin and it has been found to be positively associated with micro- and macro-vascular complications in subjects with type 2 diabetes. To investigate the pathophysiological abnormalities responsible for the increased cardiovascular risk of patients with higher HGI, we evaluated the association of HGI with cardio-metabolic characteristics in nondiabetic offspring of type 2 diabetic individuals. Insulin sensitivity, measured by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, cardio-metabolic risk factors including lipid profile, uric acid and inflammatory factors, and ultrasound measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) were assessed in 387 nondiabetic individuals. Participants were stratified in tertiles according to HGI (high, moderate and low). As compared with subjects with low HGI, those with high HGI displayed an unfavorable cardio-metabolic risk profile having significantly higher values of BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, uric acid, fasting insulin, inflammatory markers, such as high sensitivity C reactive protein, erythrocytes sedimentation rate, complement C3, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count, and carotid IMT, and lower HDL and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. In a linear regression analysis model including several atherosclerotic risk factors such as gender, age, BMI, inflammatory factors, lipid profile, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, fasting insulin, uric acid, and blood pressure, HGI was the major predictor of IMT (β = 0.35; P = 0.001). In a logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders, individuals with high HGI showed a 2.7-fold increased risk of vascular atherosclerosis (OR 2.72, 95%CI 1.01-7.37) as compared with subjects with low HGI. The present findings support the notion that HGI may be a useful tool to identify a subset of nondiabetic individuals conceivably harboring a higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Conceptualization: GS.Data curation: MAM TVF ES EP FA AS.Formal analysis: MAM TVF GS.Funding acquisition: GS.Investigation: MAM TVF ES EP FA AS.Methodology: MAM TVF FP GS.Project administration: GS.Resources: FP GS.Software: GS.Supervision: FP GS.Validation: MAM.Visualization: MAM TVF.Writing – original draft: GS.Writing – review & editing: TVF.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0175547