Anti-PD-1 and Anti-CTLA-4 Therapies in Cancer: Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Limitations

Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to a recent surge in research into therapies aiming to boost anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Among these immunother...

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Vydané v:Frontiers in oncology Ročník 8; s. 86
Hlavní autori: Seidel, Judith A., Otsuka, Atsushi, Kabashima, Kenji
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 28.03.2018
Predmet:
biomarkers
cancer
immune checkpoint inhibitors
immunotherapy
melanoma
Oncology
side effects
mode of action
biomarkers
immunotherapy
melanoma
side effects
cancer
immune checkpoint inhibitors
ISSN:2234-943X, 2234-943X
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Shrnutí:Melanoma, a skin cancer associated with high mortality rates, is highly radio- and chemotherapy resistant but can also be very immunogenic. These circumstances have led to a recent surge in research into therapies aiming to boost anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients. Among these immunotherapies, neutralizing antibodies targeting the immune checkpoints T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are being hailed as particularly successful. These antibodies have resulted in dramatic improvements in disease outcome and are now clinically approved in many countries. However, the majority of advanced stage melanoma patients do not respond or will relapse, and the hunt for the "magic bullet" to treat the disease continues. This review examines the mechanisms of action and the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies which are the two types of checkpoint inhibitors currently available to patients and further explores the future avenues of their use in melanoma and other cancers.
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Specialty section: This article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology
Edited by: Reinhard Georg Dummer, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Switzerland
Reviewed by: Jyothi Thyagabhavan Mony, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Rodabe N. Amaria, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States
ISSN:2234-943X
2234-943X
DOI:10.3389/fonc.2018.00086